高温超导块材悬浮力测试系统设计

报道高温超导块材悬浮力测试系统中自动控制与数据采集部分的设计与实现。该系统采用了比较先进的 PMAC2电机运动控制卡及功能强大的软件开发平台 L abwindows/ CVI,具有系统稳定性高、可靠性好、易于人机交互等特点 ,在实际应用过程中取到了很好的效果 ,为我国高温超导块材性能的研究及高温超导磁悬浮车的研究提供了一种十分先进的研究、测试手段     

IMD-MgB2超导线材的研究进展

中心镁扩散技术(IMD)自2003年被Giunchi等人首创以来,国内外学者系统地揭示了Mg与B反应机制,MgB_(2)烧结成相过程及掺杂物的影响;IMD-MgB_(2)线材具有致密的MgB_(2)层,J_(e)远高于同等条件下传统PIT法制备的线材.目前IMD-MgB_(2)百米级线材已被成功制备,为IMD-MgB_(2)超导线材的生产应用奠定了基础.本文首先简要介绍了IMD-MgB_(2)超导线材的发展历程,其次讨论了对线材超导性能影响的相关因素,包括B粉和C掺杂、有效的MgB_(2)层密度、晶粒尺寸、粉末填充系数、线材直径、热处理条件及线材的交流损耗,最后简述了IMD-MgB_(2)超导线材目前存在的技术难题及未来的工作重心.     

不同重叠排列方式的双层高温超导块材在永磁轨道上方的悬浮特性

研究了永磁轨道上方双层高温超导块材两种不同堆叠方式(籽晶生长线对齐方式和籽晶生长线错开方式)的悬浮特性。实验发现:这两种不同的堆叠方式对悬浮性能有不同的影响。随着场冷高度的增加,它们对悬浮性能的增加效应越来越弱,这种现象对于悬浮力来说尤其明显。场冷高度为10 mm和15 mm时,对悬浮力来说,籽晶生长线对齐堆叠方式与错开方式相比,第一次测量时前者减少的百分比为11.588%和0.870%,第二次测量时为12.693%和1.363%,第三次测量时为12.399%和1.370%。导向力也有类似的结论。经实验可以看出,可以通过优化每一块高温超导块材的具体摆放位置,来提高高温超导磁悬浮车的承载能力和稳定性。同时,这一结果对高温超导磁悬浮轴承、飞轮储能等悬浮间距小的场所也具有一定的参考价值。     

时变外磁场中高温超导块材导向力性能的数值模拟

基于Bean临界态模型,针对目前的高温超导磁悬浮车系统,提出了一种模拟计算方法,该方法可计算在时变外磁场中块材导向力的衰减变化情况。通过对时变外磁场中块材温度、俘获磁通以及导向力等参数变化情况的实验结果和计算结果的对比,证实了该模拟计算方法的有效性。该模拟计算方法可用于定性研究高温超导块材的导向力性能在时变外磁场作用下的变化情况,为高温超导磁悬浮车的研究和工程实践提供了较为重要的科学依据。     

高温超导量子干涉器中的约瑟夫森结

超导量子干涉器（SQUID）是以约瑟夫森结为核心元件的极其灵敏的磁通-电压转换器.在最近20年间,超导电子学界利用多种铜氧化物高温超导材料,制造出了高温超导约瑟夫森结乃至高温超导量子干涉器（高Tc SQUID）;特别是,利用YBa2Cu3O7-δ（YBCO）制出了多种高温超导约瑟夫森结,并进而制成了具有一定实用性的高Tc SQUID.文章主要是对高Tc SQUID中所使用的高温超导约瑟夫森结进行评述.     

基于Labview的高温超导单畴块材俘获磁场测试系统

本文利用虚拟仪器技术设计出一套高温超导单畴块材俘获磁场测试系统,能够准确及时地反馈出超导块材整体磁通冻结场的分布.软件平台由Labview搭建,实现计算机与测量设备的精确通信与控制,并对采集到的数据进行处理和表达.底层硬件包括步进电机驱动器,可控支架,高斯测量仪,数字多用表,低温霍尔探头,超导强磁体,低温杜瓦瓶,真空泵及制冷机.整套测量系统准确、高效、便捷、自动化成度高,为进一步高温超导体应用特性的研究和机理理论分析提供了可靠的实验技术方案.     

高温超导YBCO线圈交流损耗的频率特性

YBCO线圈的交流损耗直接关系到YBCO设备的运行成本及稳定性。实现对YBCO线圈交流损耗的快速、准确测量,对于开展YBCO涂层导体的应用研究具有重要的意义。文中采用电测量法,在77K、零场和不同频率条件下,对YBCO线圈通以不同运行电流时产生的交流传输损耗进行测量。构建了YBCO线圈交流损耗的数值计算模型,对YBCO线圈交流损耗进行理论研究,最后将实验数据与理论计算结果进行比较,两者结果基本一致。可以发现,YBCO线圈在频率低于75Hz时,交流传输损耗随频率的增大而减小,当频率从75Hz增加到195Hz时,交流传输损耗随频率的增大而增加。     

一种结构紧凑的高温超导窄带带通滤波器

研制了一种结构紧凑的高温超导窄带滤波器.该滤波器中心频率为,是在以0.5mm厚的LaAO3(εr≈24)为衬底的YBCO超导薄膜上制作的.测试结果显示该滤波器具有比较好的性能,其插入损耗<0.3dB,反射损耗<-16dB,相对带宽<9‰, 带边陡度>9dB/MHz, 中心频率误差<0.05%.滤波器设计中,利用特殊技术成功地改善了过渡带上的零点特性,为今后研制新型的结构紧凑的滤波器开拓了思路.     

高温超导线饼电感的数值计算方法研究

随着高温超导材料技术的进步,高温超导磁体的研究也成为研究的重点对象。鉴于其零电阻、高电流密度等相对于常规导体磁体所不具备的优点,高温超导磁体在电力工业中储能系统、电机、变压器、限流器等电气装置中也有重要的应用意义。饼绕超导磁体的核心即超导线圈绕制而成的线饼,而超导磁储能系统的动态过程则是围绕着磁体的电感充电与放电开展,因此对高温超导磁体内部线饼的电感及互感耦合的分析显得极为重要。文中在单个线饼的基础上,首先介绍了高温超导线饼的结构,提出计算线饼自感及互感参数的若干数值算法及有限元仿真方法,并结合实际测量数值,对高温超导线饼自感及互感参数进行了对比分析;接着对低温相比常温下线饼电感数值下降的情况进行了简单的原因分析。     

SHF频段超宽带高温超导滤波器的研制

针对超宽带通信系统的发展趋势,采用1/4波长短截线结构设计了一个工作于超高频(SHF)频段的超宽带高温超导滤波器,滤波器的中心频率为4.2 GHz,相对带宽为50%,讨论了1/4波长短截线结构滤波器的设计原理,给出了所设计超宽带滤波器的理论曲线、模拟仿真结果。实际制作的超宽带高温超导滤波器的测量曲线与模拟仿真曲线基本吻合,得到了满意的结果。     

YBCO超导体的电工学应用研究进展

超导体具有一些完全区别于传统电工导体和电工磁性材料的电磁特性,因而在电工学领域具有广泛的应用价值。自从1987年发现高温超导体以来,高温超导体的电工学应用研究得到了快速的发展。YBCO超导材料具有比BSCCO超导材料更加优越的电工学应用性能,因而随着YBCO超导材料逐渐实现小批量供货,近年来有关YBCO超导体的电工学应用研究得以广泛的开展。文章重点介绍国内外在YBCO材料(包括块材和带材)及其在电力技术和磁体技术等方面的应用研究进展,以此纪念YBCO超导体发现30周年。     

实用化超导材料研究进展与展望

超导技术是21世纪具有重大经济和战略意义的高新技术,在国民经济诸多领域具有广阔的应用前景,如在超导弱电应用中的超导量子干涉器、滤波器;在超导强电应用中的电缆、限流器、电机、储能系统、变压器、磁体技术、医疗核磁共振成像、高能物理实验和高速交通输运等。实用化超导材料是超导技术发展的基础。目前,国际上发现的实用化超导材料主要有低温超导线材、铋系高温超导带材、YBCO涂层导体、MgB₂线带材以及新型铁基超导线带材。文章在简要介绍超导材料发展历程的基础上,重点综述了上述实用化超导材料制备及加工、性能和应用方面的最新研究进展,并对相关领域存在的问题及今后的发展作出展望。     

在二带京兹堡朗道理论下MgB2的超导参量的研究

文中通过G-L理论二带模型来研究相干长度ξ(T)、伦敦穿透深度λ(T)以及京兹堡朗道参量κ(T)=λ(T)/ξ(T)在Tc附近对温度T的依赖关系。理论计算结果与MgB2样品的实验数据符合的很好。同时与单带模型算出的结果做了对比,发现G-L理论二带模型能更精确描述MgB2的超导特性。     

Induced current of high temperature superconducting loops by combination of exciting coil and thermal switch

With its commercialization, the second-generation (2G) high temperature superconducting (HTS) RE—Ba—Cu—O (REBCO, RE is rare earth) tape is extensively applied to the superconducting magnets in the high magnetic fields. However, unlike low temperature superconducting (LTS) magnets, the HTS magnet cannot operate in the persistent current mode (PCM) due to the immature superconducting soldering technique. In this paper, an exciting method for two HTS sub-loops, so-called charging and load loops, is proposed by flux pump consisting of exciting coil and controllable thermal switch. Two HTS sub-loops are made of an REBCO tape with two slits. An exciting coil with iron core is located in one sub-loop and is supplied with a triangular waveform current so that magnetic field is generated in another sub-loop. The influence of magnetic flux on induced current in load loop is presented and verified in experiment at 77 K. The relationship between the induced magnetic flux density and the current on the sub-loops having been calibrated, magnetic flux density, and induced current are obtained. The results show that the HTS sub-loops can be excited by a coil with thermal switch and the induced current increases with magnetic flux of exciting coil increasing, which is promising for persistent current operation mode of HTS magnets.     

Effect of the sheath resistivity and tape geometry on eddy current loss in Bi(2223) tapes

We have made a software electromagnetic simulation of eddy current effects in Bi(2223)Ag sheathed tapes with applied AC transport current in a broad frequency range. We have used simple models of monocore and multicore tapes. Calculated is the power distribution (W/m³) within the metal sheath using the geometry of real tapes. The numerical simulation is carried out with Finite-element-method software. The paper also describes the influence of the tape cross-sectional architecture and the sheath resistivity on the eddy current loss.     

Phase evolution during the melting and recrystallization of ceramic core in the (Bi,Pb)-2223 tape

The phase evolution during melting and recrystallization of (Bi,Pb)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O₁₀ ((Bi,Pb)-2223) core in a Ag-sheathed monofilamentary tape has been investigated. The tape was fabricated by PIT process with powders containing nearly pure (Bi,Pb)-2223 phase. Short samples were melted at 805 °C, 808 °C, 812 °C, 816 °C, 831 °C, slowly cooled at 1.5 °C/h under flowing 1.6% O₂ balanced with argon and quenched in air at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) were applied for the phase identification. The results show that (Bi,Pb)-2223 core is partially melted into a liquid and alkaline earth cuprates (AECs), mainly 2:1-AEC, at 805 °C, 808 °C, 812 °C, and well reforms directly from the melt during the slow cooling. More (Bi,Pb)-2223 phase is decomposed at temperatures higher than 816 °C, but cannot recrystallize, indicating that a partial melting at some temperatures around a given temperature range is essential to (Bi,Pb)-2223 phase reformation. The melt composition moves from that between “2223” and “2212” stoichiometries towards 2212-like stoichiometry with increasing temperature. This seems to lead to the conclusion that (Bi,Pb)-2223 phase decomposes incongruently into a 2212-like liquid and (Ca,Sr)-cuprates. 2:1-AEC plays the most important role in (Bi,Pb)-2223 melt-recrystallization process. Our results also reveal that plate-like shape (Bi,Pb)-2223 grains can be obtained via melting and recrystallization if the optimum processing conditions are used.     

MgB2 coated superconducting tapes with high critical current densities fabricated by hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition

The MgB₂ coated superconducting tapes have been fabricated on textured Cu (0 0 1) and polycrystalline Hastelloy tapes using coated conductor technique, which has been developed for the second generation high temperature superconducting wires. The MgB₂/Cu tapes were fabricated over a wide temperature range of 460-520 °C by using hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD) technique. The tapes exhibited the critical temperatures (T_c) ranging between 36 and 38 K with superconducting transition width (ΔT_c) of about 0.3-0.6 K. The highest critical current density (J_c) of 1.34 × 10⁵ A/cm² at 5 K under 3 T is obtained for the MgB₂/Cu tape grown at 460 °C. To further improve the flux pinning property of MgB₂ tapes, SiC is coated as an impurity layer on the Cu tape. In contrast to pure MgB₂/Cu tapes, the MgB₂ on SiC-coated Cu tapes exhibited opposite trend in the dependence of J_c with growth temperature. The improved flux pinning by the additional defects created by SiC-impurity layer along with the MgB₂ grain boundaries lead to strong improvement in J_c for the MgB₂/SiC/Cu tapes. The MgB₂/Hastelloy superconducting tapes fabricated at a temperature of 520 °C showed the critical temperatures ranging between 38.5 and 39.6 K. We obtained much higher J_c values over the wide field range for MgB₂/Hastelloy tapes than the previously reported data on other metallic substrates, such as Cu, SS, and Nb. The J_c values of J_c(20 K, 0 T) ∼5.8 × 10⁶ A/cm² and J_c(20 K, 1.5 T) ∼2.4 × 10⁵ A/cm² is obtained for the 2-μm-thick MgB₂/Hastelloy tape. This paper will review the merits of coated conductor approach along with the HPCVD technique to fabricate MgB₂ conductors with high T_c and J_c values which are useful for large scale applications.     

固体材料中原子相干效应的研究进展

原子相干效应是光与物质相互作用的结果,它导致了一系列重要的物理现象。目前原子相干的实验研究工作主要在原子气体中开展,而与之相比固体材料中的相关实验研究具有更实际的应用前景。本文系统介绍了近年来固体材料中原子相干效应的研究进展,主要涉及电磁感应光透明、光速减慢与相干存储、存储光信息的可控制擦除、基于光存储的全光路由、双光脉冲的速度减慢和可逆存储和基于原子相干的增强四波混频等基本内容,最后还讨论了其在相关领域的应用。     

固体材料中原子相干效应的研究进展

原子相干效应是光与物质相互作用的结果,它导致了一系列重要的物理现象。目前原子相干的实验研究工作主要在原子气体中开展,而与之相比固体材料中的相关实验研究具有更实际的应用前景。本文系统介绍了近年来固体材料中原子相干效应的研究进展,主要涉及电磁感应光透明、光速减慢与相干存储、存储光信息的可控制擦除、基于光存储的全光路由、双光脉冲的速度减慢和可逆存储和基于原子相干的增强四波混频等基本内容,最后还讨论了其在相关领域的应用。     

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在全超导磁约束核聚变装置EAST中,采用高温超导电流引线将处于室温的电源连接处于超临界氦温区的超导磁体上。为降低实验过程中的运行成本,EAST装置中纵场磁体的电流引线采用混合式结构。电流引线测试结果表明引线符合设计要求。