一种高空拦截导弹的自适应滑模制导律设计

针对使用传统的制导律拦截高空高速机动目标效果不佳的问题,提出了自适应滑模制导律;首先给出了比例导引律的具体算法,然后采用变结构控制理论,结合时变系统的特点,应用滑模自适应趋近律的概念,设计了导弹的自适应滑模制导律,并对其进行光滑处理,削弱了绕滑模的抖动;通过具体的仿真实例,表明了该制导律有更优良的弹道性能和鲁棒性,所需的控制能量更少,脱靶量更小,制导精度更高,相比传统的比例导引律,具有更强的实用性和有效性。     

具有终端角度约束的自主水下航行器鲁棒制导律

针对具有末端角度约束的自主水下航行器(Automatic Underwater Vehicle,AUV)的制导问题,提出一种变结构导引方法。综合考虑自主航行器与目标的交会几何关系,采用近似零化视线角速度和随距离接近末端角度快速收敛向约束要求的准则,设计滑模控制器,实现对视线角速度和末端角度的控制。仿真证明了设计的制导算法可以实现水下自主航行器在具有末端角度约束条件下与目标的高精度交会,系统对目标机动具有较好的鲁棒性。      

基于GPS、磁罗盘与大气数据计算机的无人机风估计

针对无人机实时航路规划及适应环境变化的自主能力发展需求,提出了一种新的风估计与空速校准的方法;该方法基于GPS接收机、大气计算机和磁罗盘等传感器实现;针对定常风模型,风速、风向能够利用地速、风速和空速之间的速度矢量三角形关系计算得到;采用无导扩展卡尔曼滤波(DEKF),估计风场信息以及真空速的比例校准系数;利用某型无人机数字仿真平台,在2D定常风条件下进行了全过程自主飞行仿真;仿真结果表明:该方法在航路跟随的直线段、转弯段均能准确估计。     

基于连续时间广义预测校正的水下非线性追踪博弈控制

针对复杂环境下的追踪控制问题,提出了一种基于连续时间广义预测校正的水下非线性追踪博弈控制算法.利用连续时间广义预测对目标机动偏离趋势进行在线预测补偿校正,将机动目标紧缩于最大捕获概率扇面之内,同时引入零效控制参数和连续时间广义预测校正算法,解决了微分对策动态博弈剩余时间难于估计的问题,提高了系统的响应速度.将算法应用于水下非线性追踪博弈的验证结果表明,该算法兼顾了控制约束与干扰抑制性能,能够实时有效地对抗初始偏差和随机扰动,不仅具有良好的导引效果,而且有效提高了系统对环境干扰的鲁棒性.     

基于特征结构配置的飞翼无人机纵向控制律设计与 试飞验证

针对飞翼无人机的纵向、横侧向静稳定性较差,飞机纵向短周期模态稳定性不足等问题,以某小型飞翼无人机为对象,研究了特征结构配置方法,并提出了基于特征结构配置方法的前向增益型、误差积分型控制律设计方案;利用线性模型设计了该飞机的纵向控制律,通过非线性仿真分析、飞翼无人机的试飞验证了该控制方案的可行性与有效性;仿真及试飞结果表明：采用特征结构配置方法设计的飞行控制系统具有较好的控制效果,改善了飞翼飞机的飞行品质。     

利用信号自相关函数warping变换的浅海水下移动观测平台机动优化方法

水下移动观测平台的机动航路对纯方位目标运动分析方法的使用性能具有重要的影响。针对此问题,提出了一种利用信号自相关函数warping变换的浅海水下移动观测平台机动优化方法。该方法利用warping变换从接收信号自相关函数中提取与目标距离相关的简正波相干项的特征频率,进而估计距离特征量,再根据预估的目标初始距离范围估计目标运动态势范围。针对观测平台机动方式为匀速转弯运动的情况,以目标方位变化率为评价指标得到了观测平台在所估计的目标运动态势范围下的最优转弯角速率。在浅海Pekeris波导环境下的数值仿真结果和实验数据处理结果表明:方位变化率与纯方位扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的性能密切相关;利用warping变换可以有效地估计距离特征量;观测平台根据以方位变化率为评价指标得到的最优转弯角速率进行机动可以获得较好的目标跟踪性能,收敛时间较短,目标位置估计误差较小。      

一种多基阵机动目标被动跟踪算法

由多部声纳基阵获取的方位信息对水中机动目标的跟踪实质上是一个非线性状态估计问题,文中首先依据各基阵的方位信息,采用最小二乘法得到目标位置在各采样时刻的初步估计,然后将其作为测量值用于交互多模型算法(IMM)并结合线性卡尔曼滤波(KF)得到目标运动速度和轨迹,避免了应用非线性估计算法直接进行多个方位数据融合过程中存在的各种问题。仿真结果表明这一算法简便,与双基阵纯方位机动目标被动跟踪相比具有较快的收敛速度和较高的跟踪精度。     

机动目标逆合成孔径激光雷达方位成像快速算法

针对逆合成孔径激光雷达对机动目标成像时存在方位多普勒时变的问题,提出了一种基于方位时频域keystone变换的机动目标逆合成孔径激光雷达方位成像快速算法.利用多分量线性调频子回波信号的调频斜率与起始频率的比值为常量这一特点,在方位时频域采用keystone变换将多分量线性调频信号同时转换为多分量单频信号,利用快速傅里叶变换实现方位聚焦.采用基于分数阶傅里叶变换和最小熵的线性调频参量估计方法,实现了对调频斜率与起始频率比值的精确、快速估计.结果表明,与现有的基于Radon-Wigner变换的距离-瞬时多普勒成像算法相比,所提出的算法成像效率大大提高,且能够保留更多的目标细节信息,适合于逆合成孔径激光雷达的实时成像.     

基于无线传感器网络的比例导引优化信息融合研究

在分析反舰导弹比例导引控制规律的基础上,将无线传感器网络信息融合思想引入到比例导引优化辅助决策控制过程中,通过将无线传感器网络信息融合中的数据、特征、决策概念对应于比例导引的具体数学模型,构建了基于无线传感器网络的比例导引优化信息融合辅助决策架构;利用VB6.0语言对基于无线传感器网络辅助决策的反舰导弹优化信息融合制导控制规则进行了模拟仿真,命中距离缩短约37.1%,命中时间节省约10.9%;仿真实验结果实现了反舰导弹自适应优化比例系数的比例制导律,验证了该方法的有效性。     

导引头性能可视化数据获取方法

目前,制导武器系统导引性能评估主要采用室内仿真和实弹射击方法。但是,受模拟条件的限制,室内仿真存在目标瞬变作用机理描述不足及过程复现可信度低等难题;而外场实弹射击则存在试验样本量有限,目标环境设定单一且射击条件无法保证一致性的问题,难以全面考核出武器系统对环境和干扰的适应性。针对这一问题,提出了一种介于室内仿真与外场实弹试验之间的中间验证考核方法,在接近真实复杂战场环境条件下,构建了制导武器系统的可视化动态测试平台,获取导引头探测、识别和跟踪目标过程的同步、实时可视化观瞄图像,提取目标信息并实现导引性能评估。这种方法在靶场环境下针对实际靶标目标进行静态、动态跟踪试验,能够为激光、毫米波、电视以及红外等不同制导模式的导引头系统进行集成试验与测试,可为室内仿真提供目标背景的直接驱动数据,提升仿真逼真度; 同时,也可多次重复考核导引环节的关键能力,弥补实弹射击试验数量的不足,为武器系统研制过程提供了一种全新的测试验证手段     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.