谐振型光纤陀螺方波频率调制方法

分析了谐振型光纤陀螺(R FOG)方波频率调制方法的工作原理和调制性能,得到了采用方波频率调制时R_FOG的极限灵敏度,并对方波频率调制和正弦频率调制两类调制方法的特性进行了比较。结果表明,方波调制方法的极限灵敏度优于正弦频率调制方法的极限灵敏度,其输出信号为方波强度调制信号,易于与I_FOG中类似的数字解调方法相结合,是实现全数字处理R_FOG的较理想的调制方案。     

机载多脉冲激光雷达目标信号模拟器的研究

研究多脉冲激光雷达目标信号模拟器,用以评估回波数字信号处理算法及其实现平台的性能。结合信号能量与波形关系指出由激光雷达方程建立回波信号波形模型是不充分的。对空中目标回波脉冲展宽进行建模及数值仿真,得到不同倾角、目标距离及目标尺寸下的波形展宽时间数据。根据展宽前后能量保持不变的性质,利用高斯脉冲函数特征参数求解建立回波波形数学模型。基于目标距离误差及目标回波噪声统计特性建立回波仿真模型,提出了依信噪比发生回波观测信号的方法。对比两种模拟器的信噪比误差、最小模拟信噪比、连续工作时间等性能指标,总结了新型模拟器的优势。     

基于麦克斯韦方程的交变电流长螺线管磁场

为了分析方波驱动长螺线管内磁场畸变机理,利用麦克斯韦方程研究了螺线管内外的磁场分布情况。首先,利用麦克斯韦方程,分别建立了正弦波驱动螺线管内外电场、磁场模型,并结合安培环路定律和电磁感应定律选取了合适的边界条件,得到了正弦波驱动长螺线管的磁场分布;其次,通过傅里叶变换将方波信号变换为多个正弦信号叠加的形式,从而得到了方波驱动长螺线管磁场分布;最后,通过仿真试验重点分析了方波驱动信号频率对磁场的影响,并得出结论:方波驱动长螺线管磁场波形会失真、畸变,驱动信号频率较低、距离螺线管轴线距离较近处,磁场的方波特性较好。     

运动式太阳模拟器LED阵列光源及其准直光学系统设计

运动式太阳模拟器是编码式太阳敏感器在装星阶段用于现场测试的一种重要设备,为敏感器测试提供模拟的太阳光信号和太阳光矢量信号。论述了运动式太阳模拟器的结构组成与工作原理,着重对其LED阵列光源和准直光学系统进行研究与设计。通过功率计算确定了LED数量,依据Sparrow判据分析了LED间距对辐照均匀性的影响,确定了阵列间距。基于边缘光线原理,建立了圆柱面镜的数学模型,设计了准直光学系统,借助LightTools软件进行仿真。实验结果表明:设计的运动式太阳模拟器在工作距离为50 mm处的辐照范围为10 mm×50 mm,最低辐照度为393 W·m~(-2),在-13°、0°、38°三种光线入射角下的辐照不均匀度均优于±7.3%,出射张角为0.78°,满足编码式太阳敏感器装星后现场测试的要求。     

基于像差影响的星间角距修正方法EI北大核心CSCD

为了有效地提高星模拟器的精度,针对经典星间角距数学公式没有考虑光学系统像差影响的问题,提出了一种基于像差影响的星间角距修正方法,建立了相关的数学模型并推导了相应的数学公式。并以球幕投影的星模拟器平台为例进行分析和实验测试,结合所建立的星间角距数学模型,对各星点的方位角和俯仰角进行曲线拟合,得到像差影响的星点位置误差拟合曲线,从而完成星间角距修正。实验结果表明,修正前星间角距误差为27.56″,修正后星间角距误差为16.96″,相对于修正前减小了10.60″。本文方法为有效提高星模拟器的仿真精度提供了理论基础。     

不同喷流对激波/边界层干扰控制特性对比

采用数值模拟的方法对比研究了定常、方波脉冲、正弦脉冲这3种喷流对Ma=2流动激波/边界层干扰的控制效果, 分析了不同喷流方式对受控流动流场结构、压力分布的影响. 结果表明, 不同喷流方式都能够实现对受控流动的有效控制, 可以增大激波距离, 减弱激波强度, 减小激波发生器壁面压力. 在控制效果方面, 定常喷流效果最佳, 方波脉冲喷流效果次之, 但定常喷流所需要的质量流量也最大, 方波脉冲质量流量次之. 3种喷流的控制效果与所需质量流量的关系表明, 控制收益的增加随着质量流率的增大而减小.      

基于ispPAC的精密放大器的设计

在电路设计中要实现对微弱信号放大、高速信号采集、大功率输出等功能，必须采用模拟电路，但长期以来模拟电路的设计一直存在着处理精度低，设计、调试难度大等缺陷。近年来出现了一类新型集成电路即可编程模拟器件，既属于模拟集成电路，又同可编程逻辑器件一样，通过相应的开发软件可由用户通过现场编程和配置来改变其内部连接和元件参数从而获得所需要的电路功能。现在已有IBM、Motorola、Anadigm、FAS、SIDSA、Lattice等厂商相继推出各具特色的系列可编程模拟器件。     

基于粒子滤波的单通道正弦调频混合信号分离与参数估计

以单通道正弦调频(SFM)混合信号为研究对象,提出了基于粒子滤波的正弦调频混合信号分离与参数提取方法.针对正弦调频混合信号频率无跳变的特征,提出了一种基于粒子滤波的相位差解混叠算法,并通过源信号相位差解决了本算法中粒子滤波高维状态空间降维问题,提出了一种适合高维状态空间的似然函数模型,比较固定长度粒子估计值和真实值误差,进而准确衡量粒子权重.通过在重采样后引入MCMC转移,解决了静止参数下粒子多样性降低问题,有效提高粒子滤波迭代收敛速度.从而在先验知识仅已知信号调制方式的情况下,完成对单通道正弦调频混合信号的参数提取,并通过重构信号完成正弦调频混合信号分离.最后通过仿真分析发现,该方法能够有效的实现正弦调频混合信号的分离与参数估计.     

基于偏振延时干涉技术的光子波形产生技术研究

提出并验证了一种新型的微波波形产生方案,该方案基于偏振延时干涉技术,仅采用一个激光器和马赫-曾德尔调制器(MZM),通过光子微波技术产生高速率微波波形.利用正弦微波信号对MZM进行调制,通过控制MZM的调制度,同时调节差分延迟线的延时量实现偏振延时干涉技术,成功实现了三角波和方波波形的输出.理论分析了基于偏振延时干涉技术的方波和三角波的产生原理,数值计算得到了最佳调制指数.实验中,通过5GHz正弦波得到了同频方波和三角波的输出.实验结果与之相符合,验证了方案的可行性.     

航空相机动态调制传递函数分析与研究

利用调制传递函数对动态成像质量做出评价,确立合理的稳定系统性能指标,是航空相机设计过程中需要解决的重要问题.基于线性光学系统的传递函数理论,针对匀速运动、加速运动和正弦运动等几种动态成像条件进行了定量分析,建立了像移量和动态成像质量之间的联系.针对低频正弦运动,提出了一种基于离散相位区间的动态调制传递函数计算方法.分析结果表明,在像模糊斑大小均为0.5个像元的情况下,高频正弦运动、直线运动和低频正弦运动的动态调制传递函数分别可以达到0.85、0.9和0.998,此时可以获得较理想的动态图像.据此得出了高频振动对像质的破坏最严重,直线运动次之,低频正弦运动最轻的结论.根据分析,可以针对特定的动态成像条件计算相应的调制传递函数,为航空相机系统的综合像质评价和视轴稳定系统设计提供了准确的定量参考.     

标准图像发生器及在图像板性能评价中的应用

本文介绍了一种标准图像信号发生器的原理、结构和特点。该发生器采用先进的数字合成技术，融合了ＥＰＬＤ编程技术、ＥＰＲＯＭ技术和高速、高精度１２ｂｉｔＤ／Ａ转换器，配以高性能视频放大和高阶模拟低通滤波器，产生的信号波形失真小、信噪比高。可生成正弦波、方波、三角波、线性波及直流等多种标准图像信号。并介绍了将该系统应用于图像板性能评价的具体方法。实际分析了一种图像板的时域和频域特性，主要包括线性度、Ａ／Ｄ转换精度和调制传递函数等。给出了被测图像板的调制传递函数曲线     

A bending wave simulator for investigating directional vibration sensing in insects

Substrate vibrations are important in social and ecological interactions for many insects and other arthropods. Localization cues include time and amplitude differences among an array of vibration detectors. However, for small species these cues are greatly reduced, and localization mechanisms remain unclear. Here we describe a method of simulating the vibrational environment that facilitates investigation of localization mechanisms in small species. Our model species was the treehopper Umbonia crassicornis (Membracidae; length 1 cm), which communicates using bending waves that propagate along plant stems. We designed a simulator consisting of a length of dowel and two actuators. The actuators were driven with two time signals that created the relationship between slope and displacement characteristic of steady-state bending wave motion. Because the surface of the dowel does not bend, as would a natural stem, close approximation of bending wave motion was limited to a region in the center of the dowel. An example of measurements of the dynamic response of an insect on the simulator is provided to illustrate its utility in the study of directional vibration sensing in insects.     

New technique to measure particle size using electrostatic sensor

A new technique is proposed to measure the particle mean size using an electrostatic sensor in frequency domain. This paper starts with a finite-element modeling simulator to model the induced electric charge of a ring electrode and to find the electrode sensitivity. The mathematical modeling was used to extract particle size information from the simulated signal in frequency domain. The method is applied in an experimental test where a low-noise signal conditioning was designed with a ring electrode as the electrostatic sensor. The method can be used to establish a cost effective size measurement system using electrostatic sensor.     

Curved Josephson junction

The constant curvature one and quasi-one dimensional Josephson junction is considered. On the base of Maxwell equations, the sine–Gordon equation that describes an influence of curvature on the kink motion was obtained. It is showed that the method of geometrical reduction of the sine–Gordon model from three to lower dimensional manifold leads to an identical form of the sine–Gordon equation.     

与方波合成有关的李萨如图形的实验与理论研究

通过方波与方波、正弦波与方波合成的图形来研究李萨如图形,利用傅里叶级数理论把方波展开为正弦和余弦形式的傅里叶级数,然后利用Matlab软件来合成2列相互垂直的方波与正弦波以及2列方波的李萨如图形,并与实验上观察到的现象进行比较,并分析了两者之间的差异.     

The cubic-interpolated pseudo particle (CIP) method: application to nonlinear and multi-dimensional hyperbolic equations

The basic of CIP, as a method to solve hyperbolic equations, is re-examined from a different viewpoint and the scheme is modified into an explicit finite difeerence form. The method gives a stable and less diffusive result for square wave propagation compared with FCT and a better result for propagation of a sine wave with a discontinuit. The scheme is extended to nonlinear and multi-dimensional problems.     

Quantum states of the neutrino in a nonuniformly moving medium

The modified Dirac equation for the neutrino in a material medium and its solution for a nonuniform motion of the medium with a velocity gradient along a certain direction are examined in the present paper. This formulation of the problem is analogous to the problem of electron motion in a constant uniform magnetic field. This is manifested through a similar character of particle wave functions that in both cases describe the states with circular orbits. A new mechanism of confinement of low-energy neutrinos in fast-rotating dense astrophysical objects is predicted based on this property of the wave functions. As an example of their application, a process of spin light ( SL_v) of neutrino is examined in this configuration of matter. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 90–96, August, 2007.     

Investigation of electric field induced elastic deformations of nematic liquid crystals by capacity measurements

An improved set-up is described which is universally applicable in electrooptic research work on liquid crystals. The main part of the test circuit consists of a highly stabilized and dc-free square wave generator with swept amplitude. An additional sine wave modulation with very good linearity up to high voltages allows capacity versus voltage measurements in a large frequency range. Measurements in the nematic phase of ap-disubstituted phenylcyclohexane (PCH) are reported as an example of the high performance of this set-up.