基于STM32F4的时栅位移传感器信号处理系统设计

为了提高时栅位移传感器的测量精度及分辨率,提出了一种基于STM32F4的时栅位移传感器信号处理系统。系统包括硬件电路和软件设计,运用STM32F4处理器产生的高频时钟脉冲插补感应信号和参考信号的相位差,实现了相位检测。经实验验证,采用系统后,时栅位移传感器的角度误差峰峰值为2.4＂,实现了高精度、高分辨率的时栅角位移测量。     

基于FPGA与DSP的一体化激光三角位移传感器系统

从激光三角传感器的原理出发,设计了一种基于FPGA与DSP的一体化智能激光位移传感器系统,能够在保证位移测量精度的同时简化系统结构、减小系统体积;主要由FPGA控制CCD与激光器的驱动及实现与上位机的通讯,由DSP负责数据的处理从而得到优化的激光强度值及光斑定位信息;重点介绍了FPGA的设计及DSP的算法;最后对系统进行标定,并进行精度实验;实验结果表明,该一体化系统能够在100mm的工作范围内达到10μm的测量精度。     

单交变光场的微控移相精密直线位移测量方法

针对现有多交变光场的光源一致性差、体积大、难集成的问题,提出一种单交变光场的驻波合成电行波的微控移相精密直线位移测量方法。该方法利用单路交变光源与四路正弦栅面空间调制获得四路光强信号;通过微控移相电路获得时间上严格相差90°的两路驻波信号,并合成一路电行波信号;最后利用高频时钟脉冲对参考信号与电行波信号的相位差进行插补,实现位移测量。文中分析微控移相测量原理,并针对移相精度和光场分布建立理论模型和仿真模型,明确了传感器因移相精度和光场分布引起的一次、二次误差产生的原因。实验结果表明,所研制的原理样机,在0.6mm的短周期内原始测量精度为±0.26μm,经误差修正和优化后,在500mm测量范围内,测量精度与RENISHAW激光干涉仪基本一致。集成化的结构和高精度测量结果为该传感器下一步工程化应用提供了良好的基础。     

基于光纤阵列的二维微角位移传感器

提出了一种基于光纤阵列的二维微角位移传感器.该传感器采用由十字形排列的光纤阵列构成的轮辐式探头结构.各接收光纤接收光强随被测角位移改变.通过对各光纤接收光强进行高斯拟合确定反射光斑中心位置.这种测量方法可以有效降低表面反射系数变化、光源波动以及环境光对测量结果的影响.由于各接收光纤对应光路损耗不同对微角位移测最精度产生影响.提出了光路损耗的归一化修正方法.实验证明系统测量角度范围-0.16 rad～O.16 rad,归一化修止方法使系统测量分辨率提高到了3.8X 10-4rad.     

基于增量光栅尺的纵横转换图像细分算法实现

针对现有光栅测量方法不能兼顾高速与高精度的问题,为适应电子制造装备高速运动和高精密定位的位移反馈要求,提出基于增量式光栅尺的纵横转换细分测量原理和相应的图像快速处理算法。为了提高光栅图像采集处理速度,搭建基于FPGA的硬件测试平台,先将采集到的图像进行滤波和二值化处理,然后对图像先进行纵横坐标相加,求取像素点最小值得到交点位移值。实验结果表明:应用纵横转换算法并搭载FPGA测试系统,能够达到0.029 μm的分辨率,精度达到0.3 μm。     

光导纤维在载荷测量及角位移测量中的应用

介绍了力学量中载荷和角位移的测量传感器。其方法是利用光导纤维作为传感器主要元件,被测载荷使弹性元件变形,使光纤端面间光的耦合效率发生变化,通过测量光通量的变化而测知载何和角位移的大小。在载荷测量中特殊布置光纤的位置,通过电路对信号的差分处理能达到提高传感器线性度的目的。最后的传感器输出结果其非线性大为减小。角位移的测试中,这种角位移光纤传感器灵敏度高,分辨率小,适合于扭转试件的微小角位移测量。这类光纤传感器用于力学量测试可弥补一些传统测量方法的不足。     

一种光栅信号细分算法的FPGA实现

 提出了一种基于FPGA的光栅位移传感器信号细分处理技术,采用CORDIC（坐标旋转数字计算机）解算相位,同时结合单准确度浮点运算,将辩向、粗码计数、相位解算、粗码精码浮点运算集成于单片FPGA实现,保证了细分的准确度、细分数据的有效计算准确度及信号处理的速度.设计中采用Altera公司的Cyclone II_EP2C20F484C8型芯片进行验证,对20 μm栅距的光栅尺信号进行细分处理,实验结果证实了该方法的正确性和可行性.     

一种自适应安装的高精度图像式角位移测量装置

采用图像探测器的角位移测量技术可实现高精度高分辨力角位移测量。为提高角位移测量装置的鲁棒性,本文设计了一种自适应安装的高精度图像式角位移测量装置。其装调过程非常简便,且可以保证在标定光栅存在偏心时具有高分辨力和高精度测量输出。首先,提出了基于双线阵图像传感器的测角装置设计原理,并设计了单圈绝对式标定光栅。然后,采用基于质心算法的高分辨力细分算法进行细分,并采用双线阵图像传感器对测角误差进行误差补偿。最后,设计实验装置测试自适应安装的性能。实验结果表明,当标定光栅的偏心度在±1 mm以内时,所设计装置可以实现高精度和高分辨力的角位移测量。本文所设计的装置可以在标定光栅存在±1 mm的安装偏心时保证输出精度,为小型角位移测量装置适应性的提高给出了解决方案。     

基于脉冲计数的零相位差跳变补偿外差干涉信号处理方法

在基于脉冲计数的外差干涉信号处理中,提出了一种零相位差跳变补偿的大小数相位结合处理方法,可实现外差干涉信号处理中大小数的准确结合。大数测量采用对两路干涉信号进行脉冲计数同步对减的方法实现,小数测量采用混频降频方法来提高测量分辨率,并采用锁相环对拍频信号跟踪产生用于混频降频的动态基准信号,解决外差信号拍频变化的问题,以提高小数测量分辨率的稳定性。基于信号发生器对实现的外差干涉信号处理方法进行了验证,包括测量精度、大数计数、小数相位测量。构建了双通外差干涉位移测量光路,通过对精密导轨位移的测量来验证大小数结合处理方法的有效性和信号处理方法在外差干涉位移测量应用中的可行性。     

基于FPGA的空间倾斜角测量控制系统研究

摘要：针对转台工作面空间角位置定位测量的问题,设计和实现了一种基于FPGA的空间倾斜角测量控制系统。该测控系统以圆光栅和水平电容传感器作为测量元件,根据给定的目标测量位置和传感器反馈角度值对超声波电机进行PID控制,在上位机处理测角数据和发送控制信号。FPGA实现了倾斜角测控系统的高度集成、快速跟踪和精确定位,首先通过波形仿真对验证光栅信号的细分计数和PID控制输出,最后对水平电容传感器输出在± 3″内精确定位性能进行了实验验证。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.