On the Rotational Invariance of the INDO Method Including f Orbitals into the Basis Set

In order to ensure the rotational invariance of the one-center-two-electron integrals in the INDO method including f orbitals into the basis set in our previous paper two methods are proposed in the present investigation to meet this requirement.The first one is to use the weighted average values for replacing the integrals respectively.The second is a more stringent alternative,in which we have derived 690 nonzero hybrid one-center-two-electron integrals in addition to Coulomb and exchange types as expressions of Slater-Condon parameters.     

Nonadiabatic theory of electron–vibrational coupling: New basis for microscopic interpretation of superconductivity

A systematic procedure has been developed to construct an electronic energy matrix for diatomics in the basis of antisymmetrized products of atomic wave functions represented as linear combinations of coupled momenta eigenfunctions. The exchange matrix element is expanded in powers of electronic interchange between atoms. General expressions of many-electron angular coefficients have been obtained for all types of products of one- and two-electron and overlap integrals in energy matrix elements. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Optical potential theory of diatom-diatom scattering. II. Indistinguishable molecules

The theory of vibro-rotational energy exchange in “indistinguishable” diatom-diatom scattering is formulated in terms of effective potentials. Due the necessity of considering both “symmetric” and “antisymmetric” molecular two-particle states, the formalism has a characteristic (two-by-two matrix structure. A mathematical generalization of Schwinger's theory of sources allows a compact derivation of exact and approximate expressions for t “optical” and “transition” potentials of elastic and inelastic processes, respectively. Finally, considerations based on a partial wave analysi of the working equations, suggest that the present theory should be more readily amenable to numerical implementations than the close coupling approach     

General expressions for monocenter repulsion integrals in a basis of real atomic orbitals

General expressions for monocenter electron repulsion integrals in a basis of real atomic orbitals are derived in terms of the radial integrals R. The final expressions for these integrals can be classified into five main classes which are characterized by the angular part of the real atomic orbitals. For a basis of real s, p, d, and f AO's the total number of monocenter repulsion integrals is 65536, from which 6652 are different from zero. The nonzero integrals can be classified into 430 groups which contain integrals of equal value.     

Cubic-grid Gaussian basis sets for electron scattering calculations. II. Matrix elements

In this article, we report an efficient computational procedure for electron scattering matrix elements in the previously developed cubic-grid Gaussian basis sets. The Green function matrix elements derived for the cubic-grid basis set are simpler and easier to calculate than are those available in the literature for conventional Gaussian basis sets. Special features of the cubic-grid basis sets may also be exploited for a very efficient computation of Coulomb and exchange integrals. Inelastic scattering amplitudes for vibrational excitations may be efficiently calcualted in the harmonic approximation by numerical differention of the T-matrix elements. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Non-integer Slater orbital calculations

In order to calculate the one- and two-electron, two-center integrals over non-integer n Slater type orbitals, use is made of elliptical coordinates for the monoelectronic, hybrid, and Coulomb integrals. For the exchange integrals, the atomic orbitals are translated to a common center. The final integration is performed by Gaussian quadrature.As an example, an SCF ab initio calculation is performed for the LiH molecule, both with integer and non-integer principal quantum number.     

Big data analysis of ab Initio molecular integrals in the neglect of diatomic differential overlap approximation

Most modern semiempirical quantum-chemical (SQC) methods are based on the neglect of diatomic differential overlap (NDDO) approximation to ab initio molecular integrals. Here, we check the validity of this approximation by computing all relevant integrals for 32 typical organic molecules using Gaussian-type orbitals and various basis sets (from valence-only minimal to all-electron triple-ζ basis sets) covering in total more than 15.6 million one-electron (1-e) and 10.3 billion two-electron (2-e) integrals. The integrals are calculated in the nonorthogonal atomic basis and then transformed by symmetric orthogonalization to the Löwdin basis. In the case of the 1-e integrals, we find strong orthogonalization effects that need to be included in SQC models, for example, by strategies such as those adopted in the available OMx methods. For the valence-only minimal basis, we confirm that the 2-e Coulomb integrals in the Löwdin basis are quantitatively close to their counterparts in the atomic basis and that the 2-e exchange integrals can be safely neglected in line with the NDDO approximation. For larger all-electron basis sets, there are strong multishell orthogonalization effects that lead to more irregular patterns in the transformed 2-e integrals and thus cast doubt on the validity of the NDDO approximation for extended basis sets. Focusing on the valence-only minimal basis, we find that some of the NDDO-neglected integrals are reduced but remain sizable after the transformation to the Löwdin basis; this is true for the two-center 2-e hybrid integrals, the three-center 1-e nuclear attraction integrals, and the corresponding three-center 2-e hybrid integrals. We consider a scheme with a valence-only minimal basis that includes such terms as a possible strategy to go beyond the NDDO integral approximation in attempts to improve SQC methods. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Finite jellium models. I. Restricted Hartree-Fock calculations

Restricted Hartree-Fock calculations have been performed on the Fermi configurations of n electrons confined within a cube. The self-consistent-field orbitals have been expanded in a basis of N particle-in-a-box wave functions. The difficult one- and two-electron integrals have been reduced to a small set of canonical integrals that are calculated accurately using quadrature. The total energy and exchange energy per particle converge smoothly toward their limiting values as n increases; the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap and Dirac coefficient converge erratically. However, the convergence in all cases is slow.     

Calculations using a set of evenly spaced S-type gaussian functions

A basis set of evenly spaced S-type Gaussian functions with common exponents is examined. Formulas for common one- and two-electron integrals are derived. Because of thesymmetry of this basis set, a very compact two-electron integral list is produced. The number of two-electron integrals that must be stored is approximately eight times the number of basis functions. Use of this basis set in an SCF calculation is examined. Numerical results show that this approach works well for molecules containing only small atoms such as hydrogen, helium, or lithium, but that the method has problems with the core orbitals of heavier atoms. Procedures for augementing this basis set in calculations involving heavier atoms are examined.     

General spin structures of organic radicals

Changes of spin structures in the course of chemical reactions have been investigated on the basis of the Heisenberg model, asseming two different exchange integrals. It is found that an axial spin structure changes to another axial spin structure passing through the torsional structure such as the triangular spin arrangement in the cyclic three-electron system. The spin structures of odd polyenic cyclic radicals and the tetrahedral H₄ radical are also torsional spin arrangements.     

The W algorithm and the D transformation for the numerical evaluation of three‐center nuclear attraction integrals

Three‐center nuclear attraction integrals over exponential‐type functions are required for ab initio molecular structure calculations and density functional theory (DFT). These integrals occur in many millions of terms, even for small molecules, and they require rapid and accurate numerical evaluation. The use of a basis set of B functions to represent atomic orbitals, combined with the Fourier transform method, led to the development of analytic expressions for these molecular integrals. Unfortunately, the numerical evaluation of the analytic expressions obtained turned out to be extremely difficult due to the presence of two‐dimensional integral representations, involving spherical Bessel integral functions. % The present work concerns the development of an extremely accurate and rapid algorithm for the numerical evaluation of these spherical Bessel integrals. This algorithm, which is based on the nonlinear D transformation and the W algorithm of Sidi, can be computed recursively, allowing the control of the degree of accuracy. Numerical analysis tests were performed to further improve the efficiency of our algorithm. The numerical results section demonstrates the efficiency of this new algorithm for the numerical evaluation of three‐center nuclear attraction integrals. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007     

Molecular integrals for Gaussian and exponential‐type functions: Shift operators

Basis functions with arbitrary quantum numbers can be attained from those with the lowest numbers by applying shift operators. We derive the general expressions and the recurrence relations of these operators for Cartesian basis sets with Gaussian and exponential radial factors. In correspondence, the expressions of molecular integrals involving functions with arbitrary quantum numbers can be obtained by applying these operators on the integrals with the lowest quantum numbers. Since the original form of the shift operators is not appropriate to deal with integrals, we give their representation in terms of derivatives with respect to the parameters on which these integrals explicitly depend. Moreover, we translate the recurrence relations to the new representation and, finally, we analyze the general expressions ot the molecular integrals. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 78: 137–145, 2000     

Variational principles for discontinuous wave functions and the independent particle model of electronic structure

Using the variational method advanced by McCavert and Rudge, we obtain the independent particle model variational principle for loge localized discontinuous wave functions. The transformation of the variational expressions into matrix form when the loge localized discontinuous orbitals are expanded in finite basis sets is discussed. The simplifications brought about by this new method in the evaluation of molecular integrals are indicated.     

Ab initio program for treatment of related molecules. I. Integral part

Anab initio integral program is described. It utilizes the local symmetries to avoid the redundant computation of integrals over spatially equivalent subsets of the basis. The integrals are grouped in a particular way to facilitate their transfer. The program is very suitable for the treatment of related systems with model geometries. The computing times of different programs are compared and the efficiency of the presented one is demonstrated.     

Analytical evaluation of molecular electric and magnetic multipole moment integrals over Slater-type orbitals

The analytical expressions are derived for the magnetic multipole moment integrals in terms of electric multipole moment integrals for which the closed formulas through the overlap integrals are obtained. By the use of the derived expressions in terms of overlap integrals, the electric and magnetic multipole moment integrals, the electric and magnetic properties of molecules can be evaluated most efficiently and accurately. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 68: 145–150, 1998     

Calculation of molecular electric and magnetic multipole moment integrals of integer and noninteger n Slater orbitals using overlap integrals

Closed formulas are established for the magnetic multipole moment integrals of integer and noninteger n Slater‐type orbitals (ISTOs and NISTOs) in terms of electric multipole moment integrals for which the analytic expressions through the overlap integrals with ISTOs and NISTOs are derived. The overlap integrals are evaluated by the use of auxiliary functions. Using the derived expressions the multipole moment integrals, and therefore the electric and magnetic properties of molecules, can be evaluated most efficiently and accurately. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003     

Poisson equation for molecular exchange,hybrid and coulomb electron repulsion integrals

The various multicenter exchange, hybrid and Coulomb electron repulsion integrals that occur in molecular quantum mechanics are shown to satisfy a Poisson equation in which an overlap integral plays the role of a source distribution function. Two-, three-and four-center exchange integrals arise from four-center source functions; two- and three-center hybrid integrals arise from three-center distributions; and one- and two-center Coulomb integrals have two-center sources.     

Nuclear attraction and electron interaction integrals of exponentially decaying functions and the Poisson equation

Summary The technique proposed by O-Ohata and Ruedenberg (J Math Phys 7:547 (1966)) and by Silver and Ruedenberg (J Chem Phys 49:4306 (1968)) of computing nuclear attraction and electron interaction integrals by solving an inhomogeneous Laplace equation can also be applied ifB functions (Filter E, Steinborn EO (1978) Phys Rev A 18:1) are used as basis functions in atomic and molecular calculations. It is shown that because of the remarkable mathematical properties ofB functions the derivation of compact explicit expressions for the multicenter integrals mentioned above is particularly simple. These results are also of interest in the context of other exponentially decaying functions, since all the other commonly occurring exponentially decaying functions as, for instance, Slater functions or bound state hydrogen eigenfunctions can be expressed as simple linear combinations ofB functions. Consequently, their multicenter integrals can also be expressed in terms of multicenter integrals ofB functions.Dedicated to Prof. Klaus Ruedenberg on the occasion of his 70th birthday     

Matrix elements of N-particle explicitly correlated Gaussian basis functions with complex exponential parameters

In this work we present analytical expressions for Hamiltonian matrix elements with spherically symmetric, explicitly correlated Gaussian basis functions with complex exponential parameters for an arbitrary number of particles. The expressions are derived using the formalism of matrix differential calculus. In addition, we present expressions for the energy gradient that includes derivatives of the Hamiltonian integrals with respect to the exponential parameters. The gradient is used in the variational optimization of the parameters. All the expressions are presented in the matrix form suitable for both numerical implementation and theoretical analysis. The energy and gradient formulas have been programmed and used to calculate ground and excited states of the He atom using an approach that does not involve the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.     

Coupled-cluster theory in a projected atomic orbital basis

We present a biorthogonal formulation of coupled-cluster (CC) theory using a redundant projected atomic orbital (PAO) basis. The biorthogonal formulation provides simple equations, where the projectors involved in the definition of the PAO basis are absorbed in the integrals. Explicit expressions for the coupled-cluster singles and doubles equations are derived in the PAO basis. The PAO CC equations can be written in a form identical to the standard molecular orbital CC equations, only with integrals that are related to the atomic orbital integrals through different transformation matrices. The dependence of cluster amplitudes, integrals, and correlation energy contributions on the distance between the participating atomic centers and on the number of involved atomic centers is illustrated in numerical case studies. It is also discussed how the present reformulation of the CC equations opens new possibilities for reducing the number of involved parameters and thereby the computational cost.