磁性液体材料微结构磁化状态数值分析

采用磁性液体边界元数值模型分析了磁性粒子微结构磁化状态及相互作用,并与相应的有限元数值结果进行比较．结果表明：虽然粒子边界层附近的磁场分布出现了一定的模糊,且变化幅度明显高于有限元结果,但在粒子边界层以外的其它区域两种数值解法具有高度一致性;当粒子边界元节点数较小时,磁力相互作用边界元结果与有限元结果相差较大,且很不稳定;随着节点数增加,边界元结果逐渐趋近于有限元虚功原理的磁力数值结果,并达到一个较稳定的量值．结果清晰地反映出边界元数值方法在磁性液体多体动力学模拟研究中的一些基本特征。     

自驱动的Janus微球在具有不同障碍物的表面上的运动行为研究

自驱动粒子在靠近边界尤其是平面上障碍物的边界时,会展现出奇特的运动行为.本文通过实验研究了固定于平面上的微米级障碍物的几何效应(包括大小和形状)对双氧水驱动的Janus微球运动行为的影响.实验结果表明,当障碍物尺寸超过临界值后,自驱动的Janus微球会被其"捕获"并沿着其边界定向运动.自驱动粒子在障碍物边界的停留时间及运动速率随着双氧水浓度的增加而增大,且其在圆柱形障碍物边界和球形障碍物边界的停留时间及运动速率均随着障碍物直径的增加而增大.但在相同的双氧水浓度和障碍物直径条件下,自驱动粒子在圆柱边界上的停留时间比其在球形障碍物边界上长;在圆柱边界上的运动速率比在球形障碍物边界上小,揭示了自驱动粒子在障碍物边界上的运动行为与障碍物的几何特性密切相关.本研究有助于进一步理解自驱动粒子在不同大小及形状的障碍物中的运动特征,掌握并利用这些特征在诸如设计特殊几何形状来引导自驱动粒子的运动等领域有很好的应用价值.     

粒子输运方程的线性间断有限元方法

将空间线性间断有限元方法应用于动态粒子输运方程的求解.数值算例表明,空间线性间断有限元方法在网格边界的数值精度方面明显高于指数格式和菱形格式,并且通量在时间上的微分曲线相对光滑,避免了指数格式、菱形格式数值解的非物理振荡现象.     

求解复杂边界的直接力浸入边界-格子Boltzmann耦合方法

本文对直接力浸入边界-格子Boltzmann耦合方法中两种常用LB方程中引入外力项的方法(EBF和GZS模型)以及基于压力的He-Luo模型与基于密度的LBGK模型两种LB方程的方法分别进行了对比分析.结果表明对于不可压流动,GZS模型精度比EBF模型高,而He-Luo模型精度与比标准LBGK模型高.采用多重力法可有效减小直接力IB方法会出现的边界无滑移条件误差,发现数值边界相对物理边界产生外扩现象,通过边界内缩方法可以使得数值边界与物理边界重合,实现边界的真正无滑移条件.     

应用有限元和边界元法计算方坯软接触结晶器的电磁场

给出了用有限元和边界元相结合的方法计算方坯软接触结晶器内钢液电磁场分布的全过程,并对4面体单元基础上的Whitney边元素,H-Φ方程及边界积分方程的离散方法作了重点解释.采用有限元和边界元相结合的方法来计算电磁场的分布可以大大减少计算工作量和计算时间.自行开发了三维电磁场计算程序,将数值模拟结果与物理实际进行了比较.     

通度系数法处理不规则边界的研究

采用目前流行的压力速度修正算法，应用控制容积方法，数值求解完整的Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ（Ｎ－Ｓ）方程。直接计算出流场的全部物理变量，系统地研究通度系数法在处理不规则边界尤其是多障碍物、边界类型复杂时的适应能力、可行性和计算过程中的一些着关键技术。结果表明：通度系数法即使在边界异常复杂时也能取得满意的结果。     

在二维叶栅势流计算中边界元法的应用

一、前言 边界元法是近年来兴起的一种新的基于边界积分方程的数值计算方法.Brebbia将其归之为加权剩余法的一个分支,但该法比有限元和有限差分法更具有解析——数值计算特点.有别于区域计算法,边界元法通过引入一个满足场方程的奇异函数作为权函数,将问题的区域计算转化为边界计算.由于所获得的一组边界积分方程仅联系边界上各个     

微盘腔垂直耦合器特性的拓展分析

利用垂直于微盘腔边界的波导与腔耦合是一种新开发的耦合技术. 采用有限元数值模拟方法对垂直耦合器的腔尺寸适应性、波长适应性和端口扩展性做出详细分析. 结果证实: 垂直耦合器在大尺寸腔中或者多个波段均有效; 并且多个垂直耦合器可以和同一盘腔交换能量, 实现滤波、分束、光路交叉的功能. 垂直耦合器在以微腔为元件的集成光路中的应用将使材料选取和光路排布更为灵活. 关键词： 微纳光学 微腔 回音壁模式 垂直耦合器     

Navier-Stokes方程的有限元边界元耦合方法

主要研究了三维外部区域上具有Dirichlet边界条件的非定常Navier-Stokes方程的有限元边界元耦合方法,并分析了这一数值解的收敛速度.     

有限元/边界积分方法在海面及其上方弹体目标电磁散射中的应用

本文将有限元/边界积分方法(FE/BIM)结合区域分解方法引入到粗糙海面及其上方目标 的电磁散射问题的研究中. 由于积分边界可以以任意形状设置在距模型表面任意远的距离处, 故本文采用共形人工边界结合区域分解建模方法截断模型的开放计算区域以减少求解未知量, 在截断区域内部采用有限元方法求解, 而计算区域的边界条件通过边界积分方程方法得到. 通过与矩量法获得的数值计算结果进行比较, 证明了该混合算法及模型处理方法的正确性, 进而研究了海面上方弹体目标的电磁散射特性, 并讨论了其双站散射系数随电磁波入射角度、目标高度、海面风速以及弹体尺寸的电磁散射特性变化情况. 本文结果可用于反演复杂背景下的目标信息及目标探测等领域. 关键词： 电磁散射 粗糙海面 目标 有限元/边界积分方法     

Multiple-array passive acoustic source localization in urban environments

In many situations of interest, obstacles to acoustic wave propagation such as terrain or buildings exist that provide unique challenges to localization. These obstacles introduce multiple propagation paths, reflections, and diffraction into the propagation. In this paper, matched field processing is proposed as an effective method of acoustic localization in a two dimensional scattering environment. Numerical techniques can be used to model complex propagation in a space where analytical solutions are not feasible. Realistically, there is always some uncertainty in model parameters that in turn can adversely affect localization ability. In particular, uncertainty in array location, sound speed, and various parameters affecting inter-array coherence only are investigated. A spatially distributed, multiarray network is shown to mitigate the effects of uncertainty. Multiarray inverse filter processing techniques are evaluated through perturbation of uncertain model parameters. These techniques are more accurate and flexible to implement than other matched field processing methods such as time reversal.     

Coupling of Dirichlet-to-Neumann boundary condition and finite difference methods in curvilinear coordinates for multiple scattering

The applicability of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann technique coupled with finite difference methods is enhanced by extending it to multiple scattering from obstacles of arbitrary shape. The original boundary value problem (BVP) for the multiple scattering problem is reformulated as an interface BVP. A heterogenous medium with variable physical properties in the vicinity of the obstacles is considered. A rigorous proof of the equivalence between these two problems for smooth interfaces in two and three dimensions for any finite number of obstacles is given. The problem is written in terms of generalized curvilinear coordinates inside the computational region. Then, novel elliptic grids conforming to complex geometrical configurations of several two-dimensional obstacles are constructed and approximations of the scattered field supported by them are obtained. The numerical method developed is validated by comparing the approximate and exact far-field patterns for the scattering from two circular obstacles. In this case, for a second order finite difference scheme, a second order convergence of the numerical solution to the exact solution is easily verified.     

计算水下凹面目标散射声场的声束弹跳法

为了解决含有多次散射时水下目标声散射场的计算问题,提出了一种声束弹跳方法。把入射声波划分为若干声束,根据几何声学方法计算每条声束在目标表面的反射方向和能量损失,利用物理声学方法计算最后一次反射的声束所对应的面元的散射场,通过计算所有声束产生的散射场的叠加得到整个目标的散射场。计算了直角凹面圆锥体的散射声场,并对具体模型进行了水池测量实验,理论计算和实验测量结果一致。表明该方法作为一种高频近似的数值计算方法,可以计算存在多次散射时水下目标的散射声场。      

A method to solve an acoustic inverse scattering problem involving smart obstacles

A time-harmonic acoustic inverse scattering problem involving smart obstacles is formulated and a method to solve it is proposed. A smart obstacle is an obstacle that, when hit by an incoming acoustic wave, tries to pursue a given goal circulating a suitable pressure current on its boundary. A pressure current is a quantity whose physical dimension is pressure divided by time. The goals pursued by the smart obstacles that we have considered are the following ones: to be undetectable or to appear with a shape and/or acoustic boundary impedance different from its actual ones eventually in a location in space different from the actual location. The following time-harmonic inverse scattering problem is considered: from the knowledge of several far fields generated by the smart obstacle when hit by known time-harmonic waves, the knowledge of the goal pursued by the smart obstacle and of its acoustic boundary impedance reconstruct the boundary of the obstacle. A method to solve this inverse problem that generalizes the so-called Herglotz function method is proposed. Some numerical experiments that validate the method proposed are presented. The website http://www.econ.univpm.it/recchioni/w13 contains some auxiliary material that helps the understanding of the current paper.     

三维海洋波导中散射目标快速声学远场成像

研究用声传播远场分布信息成像海洋波导环境中三维散射目标的反问题,提出一种指示器样本成像方法,在不需要预先知道散射目标的任何声学和几何特性的情况下,可以快速得到其位置、形状等几何信息的一个理想的像.数值试验表明,该方法对成像海洋波导中三维散射目标是有效的,即使在有限孔径测量方式和具有噪声测量数据时,也能够得到散射目标的一个理想成像,表明海洋波导边界的多重反射效应对成像效果具有一定的正面影响.     

An “optical” theorem for acoustic scattering by baffled flexible surfaces

The classical optical theorem for scattering by compact obstacles is a forward scattering theorem. That is, the total cross section of the obstacle is proportional to the imaginary part of the far field directivity factor evaluated in the forward scattering direction. An analogous theorem is derived in this paper for the scattering of acoustic waves by baffled membranes and plates. In this “optical” theorem the directivity factor is evaluated in the direction of the specularly reflected wave, so that it is a reflected scattering theorem.     

基于二维声子晶体第一带边态的声学定向辐射

采用多重散射方法研究二维四方钢/水声子晶体中线源的辐射问题。数值结果表明利用声子晶体ΓΜ方向的第一带边态可以实现声定向辐射。利用文中设计的三角形晶体结构既可以实现声波的单束定向辐射,还能够得到传播方向互相垂直的双束定向辐射。该研究对声子晶体功能器件的设计具有一定的意义。     

隐声衣结构设计和实验研究新进展

隐声衣是一项使物体隐藏于声场的新技术,与传统吸声方式相比,隐声衣消除回波时不会在目标背后留下声影区。隐声衣的物理实现是重点研究方向之一,利用具有特殊性质的材料或结构消除散射是获得隐声效果的主要途径。文章综述了隐声衣研究在结构设计和实验方面的几项新发展。包括基于超常材料的隐声衣、基于温度递度的隐声衣、应用反演设计方法的隐声衣、有源隐声衣等,主要介绍隐声衣机理和结构设计方面的新思想,以及新型人工材料和人工结构在隐声衣研究中的应用。     

Analysis of wave fluctuation phenomena in random media in presence of a reflecting boundary

Modelling of wave propagation for modern high-frequency radio links must take into account the fluctuation phenomena caused by random changes of the medium's parameters. There are two factors that cause signals from transmitter to receiver to arrive via multiple random paths. The first is a result of scattering by boundaries and various obstacles, while the second is related to random changes in the refractive index of the medium. Similar phenomena are observed in underwater acoustic propagation. In this work the influence of both factors is demonstrated in a simple example when the propagation takes place above a perfectly reflecting surface in the presence of a randomly fluctuating medium.     

Acoustic scattering by multiple elliptical cylinders using collocation multipole method

This paper presents the collocation multipole method for the acoustic scattering induced by multiple elliptical cylinders subjected to an incident plane sound wave. To satisfy the Helmholtz equation in the elliptical coordinate system, the scattered acoustic field is formulated in terms of angular and radial Mathieu functions which also satisfy the radiation condition at infinity. The sound-soft or sound-hard boundary condition is satisfied by uniformly collocating points on the boundaries. For the sound-hard or Neumann conditions, the normal derivative of the acoustic pressure is determined by using the appropriate directional derivative without requiring the addition theorem of Mathieu functions. By truncating the multipole expansion, a finite linear algebraic system is derived and the scattered field can then be determined according to the given incident acoustic wave. Once the total field is calculated as the sum of the incident field and the scattered field, the near field acoustic pressure along the scatterers and the far field scattering pattern can be determined. For the acoustic scattering of one elliptical cylinder, the proposed results match well with the analytical solutions. The proposed scattered fields induced by two and three elliptical–cylindrical scatterers are critically compared with those provided by the boundary element method to validate the present method. Finally, the effects of the convexity of an elliptical scatterer, the separation between scatterers and the incident wave number and angle on the acoustic scattering are investigated.