Nuclear magnetic resonance on oriented192Ir in Fe and Ni

The hyperfine interaction of¹⁹²Ir nuclei as dilute impurities in Fe and Ni has been investigated with NMR on oriented nuclei. With the use of highly dilute and pure alloys the line widths could be reduced so far that the quadrupole splitting of¹⁹²IrFe and¹⁹²IrNi could be resolved. Taking hyperfine anomalies into account the ground state nuclear moments of¹⁹²Ir are deduced as |μ|=1.924(10)μ _N andQ=2.36(ll) b. The hyperfine field of IrNi was investigated as a function of the Ir concentrationc between 0.01 at % and 5 at %. The dependence ofH _HF onc was found to be significantly smaller than that reported from Mössbauer effect measurements. Forc=0.01 at %H _HF=?454.7(2.3)kG is deduced. The resonance shift with an external magnetic field has been studied precisely, yieldingK=0.012(23) andK=0.026(12) for the Knight-shift of¹⁹²Ir in Fe and Ni, respectively.     

The magnetic hyperfine field at Cu in Fe,Co and Ni and the magnetic moment of the 41 keV, 2+ state of62Cu

The magnetic hyperfine interaction of Cu in Fe, Co and Ni was studied by means of the γ-γ perturbed angular correlation method using⁶²Zn(⁶²Cu) as a probe. With the publishedg-factor (g=+0.661(12)) of the 41 keV, 2⁺ state hyperfine fields ofB _HF=16.95(51) T,B _HF=13.15(41) T andB _HF=4.05(30) T atT=0 K for Cu in Fe, Co and Ni are derived, respectively. The systematic discrepancy of these values with several independent measurements of these hyperfine fields is removed by deriving a new value ofg=0.55(5) for the 41 keV, 2⁺ state of⁶²Cu.     

Nuclear orientation of183Re and184Re in iron

The temperature dependence of the anisotropy of γ-rays from the decay of oriented¹⁸³,¹⁸⁴Re nuclei situated in an iron matrix was measured between 14 and 33 mK. Magnetic hyperfine splitting constants ofgH _HF=5.04(9) × 10^?18 erg andgH _HF=3.21 (13) × 10^?18 erg were determined for the groundstates of¹⁸³Re and¹⁸⁴Re, respectively. With the previously known hyperfinefield of ?760(15) kG for Re in iron the followingg-factors were deduced:¹⁸³Reg=1.32 (5) and¹⁸⁴Reg=0.84 (5). The E2/M1 mixing ratio of the 793 keV 2⁺ ?2⁺ transition in¹⁸⁴W was accurately determined to δ (793 keV)=+16.65 (85).     

Perturbed αγ-angular correlations in the decay of228Th

At external magnetic fields between 1.3 and 22.5 kG the integral αγ-angular correlations of theO ⁺(α)2⁺(γ)O ⁺ cascades from the ground states of²²⁸Th and²²⁴Ra respectively implanted into iron and aluminum lattices have been studied. The data were analyzed assuming different additional time dependent and static perturbations. The rotation of the angular correlation for Ra in Al proved independent of these assumptions. Therefore ag-factor of the 84.4 keV 2⁺ state in²²⁴Rag=0.46 (11) could be derived. Although static electric interactions seem the most probable cause for the attenuations observed for Ra and Rn implanted into Fe it was found that the two parameter Abragam and Pound theory better reproduces the data than the one parameter static perturbations. Therefore the hyperfine fields experienced by Ra and Rn in Fe were derived using Abragam and Pound theory to beH _HF(RaFe)=?127(31) kG andH _HF(RnFe)=1095 kG.     

NMR-ON measurements of187WFe,182,183,186ReNi,186ReFe and203PbFe

The magnetic hyperfine splitting frequencies of¹⁸⁷WFe,¹⁸²Re(j ^π=2⁺)Ni,¹⁸³ReNi,¹⁸⁶ReNi,¹⁸⁶ReFe and²⁰³PbFe in a zero external magnetic field have been determined by the NMR-ON method at about 7 mK as 225.56(6), 130.9(1), 98.17(4), 136.6(4), 1007.0(3) and 58.43(3) MHz, respectively. With the knowng-factors ofg(¹⁸⁶Re, 1⁻)=1.739(3) andg(²⁰³Pb, 5/2⁻)=0.27456(20), the following hyperfine fields were deduced:B _HF(¹⁸⁶ReNi)=−103.05(35) kG;B _HF(¹⁸⁶ReFe)=−759.7(13) kG;B _HF(²⁰³PbFe)=+279.18(25) kG. Taking hyperfine anomalies into account, theg-factor of¹⁸³Re was deduced as |g(¹⁸³Re, 5/2⁺)|=1.267(6). With the assumption of Knight shift factorK=0, theg-factors of¹⁸²Re and¹⁸⁷W and the hyperfine field of¹⁸⁷WFe were determined as |g(¹⁸²Re, 2⁺)|=1.63(5), |g(¹⁸⁷W, 3/2⁻)|=0.414(10) andB _HF(¹⁸⁷WFe) =−714(18) kG. The large hyperfine anomaly was deduced to be¹⁸³W Δ¹⁸⁷W =−0.124(22).     

Nuclear magnetic resonance on oriented76,77,82Br in Fe

Nuclear magnetic resonance on oriented^76,77,82BrFe has been measured using recoil-implanted samples. The magnetic hyperfine splitting frequency of⁸²BrFe in a zero external magnetic field has been determined to be 201.90(3) MHz. The resonances of⁷⁶BrFe and⁷⁷BrFe were also observed in an external magnetic field of 0.2 T asv(⁷⁶BrFe)=340.9(3) MHz andv(⁷⁷BrFe)=403.5(2) MHz. With the known values of theg-factors, the hyperfine fields have been deduced:B _HF(⁸²BrFe)=81.397(27) T,B _HF(⁷⁶BrFe)=81.38(7) T. Theg-factor of⁷⁷Br was determined to be |0.6487(4)|.     

Nuclear orientation study of97, 103, 105Ru in Fe

Angular distributions have been measured forγ-rays emitted following the decays of^{97, 103, 105}Ru oriented in an iron matrix at temperatures down to 2.8mK. From the temperature dependence of theγ-anisotropies the magnetic hyperfine splitting frequenciesν _M =|gμ _N B _HF/h| of^{97, 103, 105}RuFe were found to be 110(7), 57(15) and 80 _?50 ⁺¹⁷ MHz, respectively. With the known hyperfine fieldB _HF=?489.6(4.0) kG the nuclearg-factors are derived as ∣g(⁹⁷Ru;j ^π=5/2⁺)∣=0.29(2), ∣g(¹⁰³Ru;j ^π=3/2⁺)∣=0.15(4) and ∣g(¹⁰⁵Ru;j ^π=3/2⁺)∣=0.21 _-0.13 ^+0.05 . The analysis for¹⁰³RuFe has been performed with the assumption ofj ^π=3/2⁺ and 5/2⁺ for the ground state of¹⁰³Ru. Taking into account experimentally knowng-factors of 3/2⁺ and 5/2⁺ states in this mass region, our data strongly favour the assignmentj ^π=3/2⁺ for the¹⁰³Ru ground state.     

Die Hyperfeinstruktur des 32 P 1/2-Zustandes von Natrium im starken Magnetfeld

The hyperfine structure of the 3² P _1/2-state of²³Na has been measured by the optical double resonance technique in a magnetic field sufficiently strong to decoubleI andJ. The magnetic interaction constantA _1/2 and the Landég-factor were found to be:A _1/2=94.3(2) MHz,g=0.66581(12).     

Magnetic moment of the 5/2−1/2[541] ground state of 14h 185Ir

The magnetic and electric hyperfine splitting frequencies ¦gμ _N B _HF/h¦ ande ² qQ/h of the 5/2^?1/2[541] ground state of 14h ¹⁸⁵Ir in Ni were measured with nuclear magnetic resonance on oriented nuclei to be 360.8(7) MHz and +6.7(2.0) MHz, respectively. The ground state magnetic dipole moment and electric quadrupole moment of¹⁸⁵Ir are deduced to be ¦μ¦=2.601 (14)μ _N andQ=?1.9(5)b, taking values for the hyperfine field and electric field gradient of B_HF=?454.9 (2.3) kG and eq=?0.151(4) × 10¹⁷ V/cm², respectively. The negative quadrupole moment is in agreement with nuclear-orientation data and proves again theI ^π K=5/2^? 1/2 ground state configuration.     

Nuclear magnetic resonance of175Hf oriented in iron

Nuclear magnetic resonance of¹⁷⁵Hf oriented at low temperature in iron has been observed with a sample prepared by ion implantation. The centre frequency of the broad resonance line isv _L (B _ext = 0)=138.53(36)MHz. Possible origins of the large inhomogeneous line width of FWHM=11.0(1.1) MHz are discussed. A comparison with model calculations for combined magnetic and electric hyperfine interaction indicates that the centre frequency may be interpreted as the magnetic interaction frequency for¹⁷⁵Hf in unperturbed substitutional sites of the host iron. With theg-factor of¹⁷⁵Hf from literature the magnetic hyperfine field of Hf in Fe is derived asB _hf=?64.9(9.3) T fitting well into systematics.     

Infrared contribution to the double-logarithmic small-x asymptotics of structure functions

The role playing by the “soft” (κ _T < 1 GeV/c) region in the small-x behaviour ofg ₁(x,Q ²) and the non-singlet structure functionf _{1, NS}(x, Q²) has been studied with the help of the effective QCD Lagrangian which takes into account the lightest degrees of freedom — the constituent quarks and the π-mesons (Goldstone bosons). It has been shown that the quark-quark interaction due to the pion exchange has a negative couplingg for the isovector component (I = 1 in thet-channel) off ₁(x,Q ²) and isosinglet component ofg ₁(x, Q²). Here the pion induced interaction changes mainly the normalization of the quark distribution (it decreasesf _1,NS ^{I = 1} (x,Q ²) two times atx < 3·10^?3) and changes slightly the effective exponents λ (?_1,NS ,g ₁ ～x ^?λ atx → 0). On the other hand due to a positive value of couplingg the value of λ increases by 15% for the isovector part ofg ₁ (x,Q ²) and up to λ ≈ 0.5 (instead of λ ≈ 0.2 without the pion contribution) for the isoscalar non-singlet structure functionf _1,NS ^{I = 0} (x,Q ²).     

Ratio ofg I -factors and hyperfine structure anomalies of99Ru and101Ru

The ratio of theg _I -factors of⁹⁹Ru and¹⁰¹Ru has been measured accurately by the nuclear magnetic resonance method. Using hyperfine interaction constants from literature, the hyperfine structure anomalies of some atomic states of ruthenium are obtained.     

An ESR study of NH 3 + , al center and HO2 · radical in alkali feldspars

Paramagnetic centers of NH ₃ ⁺ , Al, and HO₂ · have been observed in alkali feldspars from Aichi prefecture, Japan. The quartet signal has been tentatively ascribed to NH ₃ ⁺ rather than to ·CH₃, although the hyperfine splitting by¹⁴N (I=1) was not observed. The averageg- andA-valuesg _av=2.0033 andA _av ^H =2.45 mT, respectively, were attributed to hydrogen. The powder spectra of Al centers stable up to 400 K were simulated by the anisotropicg factors ofg _zz =2.060,g _xx =2.0014,g _yy=2.0021 andA=0.9 mT. Newly discovered HO₂ · is stable up to 570 K. The intensities of the spectra from NH ₃ ⁺ and Al centers were enhanced by gamma-ray irradiation, while that of HO₂ · was not enhanced. Production efficiency,G-value (radical/100 eV) of NH ₃ ⁺ has been obtained to beG=0.01. These results suggest that ESR dating of feldspars is possible.     

Nuclear magnetic resonance on oriented 11/2− 129mXe and131mXe in Fe

The magnetic hyperfine splitting frequenciesν _M=¦gμ _NB_HF/h.¦ of the 11/2^? isomeric states^129m Xe (T_1/2=8.9d) and^131mXe (T_1/2=11.8d) in Fe were measured with nuclear magnetic resonance on oriented nuclei at temperatures of 10–15 mK as 188.0(1) MHz and 209.8(1) MHz, respectively, the samples being prepared with the technique of recoil implantation after (α, x n) reactions. The magnetic moments of^129m Xe and^131m Xe are deduced to be (?)0.8914(6)μ _N and (?)0.9943(6)μ _N, respectively. The missing γ-anisotropies for allγ-transitions following the decay of 36.4d ¹²⁷Xe indicateI=1/2 for the ground state spin of¹²⁷Xe.     

Untersuchung gestörter Winkelverteilungen an F19 in ferromagnetischen Gittern

The perturbation of the 197 keV transition angular distribution in F¹⁹ was investigated by time-dependent spin rotation measurements following excitation with a pulsed beam. The recoil implantation technique was used to determine the internal magnetic fields for F¹⁹ in Fe, Co and Ni lattices. The results are:H _HF(F¹⁹ in Fe)=+(95700±500) Oe,H _HF(F¹⁹ in Co)=+(59500±1500) Oe,H _HF(F¹⁹ in Ni)=?(21830±350)Oe. The temperature and field dependence of the effective fields was studied. Strong satellite fields due to lattice perturbations were detected. The half life and the gyromagnetic ratio of the 197 keV 5/2⁺ state in F¹⁹ were redetermined asT _1/2=(80.2±0.5) nsec andg=+1.436±0.007.     

Messung der magnetischen Momente der tiefsten 2+-Zustände für einige Dy-, Er- und Yb-Isotope

With the Mössbauer technique, the hyperfine splittings of the lowest 2⁺-states of some Dy-, Er-, and Yb-isotopes were observed at 4.2 °K in the paramagnetic compounds Dy-Al-garnet, ErCl₃·6H₂O, and YbCl₃·6H₂O. Most of the sources were produced by photonuclear reactions. Ratios ofg-factors for neighbouring isotopes could be determined with small systematic errors. The results are:g ¹⁶⁴/g ¹⁶⁶=1.103 (15),g ¹⁶⁶/g ¹⁶⁸=0.960 (13) for Er, andg ¹⁷⁰/g ¹⁷²=1.009 (15),g ¹⁷⁰/g ¹⁷⁴=0.994 (13) for Yb. Using known values for the effective magnetic fields at the nuclei, the followingg-factors were obtained:¹⁶⁴Dy 0.336 (14),¹⁶⁴Er 0.353 (10),¹⁶⁶Er 0.320 (8),¹⁶⁸Er 0.333 (8),¹⁷⁰Yb 0.335 (6),¹⁷²Yb 0.332 (8),¹⁷⁴Yb 0.337 (8).     

EPR study of Fe3+ and Mn2+ in CeO2 and ThO2

Attempts were made to grow CeO₂ and ThO₂ single crystals doped with transition metal ions. Only Fe³⁺ and Mn²⁺ could be detected by the EPR technique. The EPR spectrum of Fe³⁺ in CeO₂ exhibits the well-known fine structure in cubic fields. The parameters areg=2.0044(1) anda=15.6(1)·10^?4 cm^?1. The hyperfine constantA for⁵⁷Fe in hexahedral coordination was found to be 8.9(1)·10^?4 cm^?1. The EPR spectrum of Mn²⁺ in CeO₂ reveals two cubic Mn²⁺ centers. The parameters for center 1 areg=1.9999(1) andA=86.9(1)·10^?4 cm^?1 and for center 2g=1.9984(1) andA=87.0(1)·10^?4 cm^?1. Heating the Mn doped CeO₂ samples in hydrogen, the Mn²⁺ centers transform from cubic into trigonal centers with approximate values ofg=1.9988(2),A=84.5(6)·10^?4 cm^?1 andD=203(1)·10^?4 cm^?1. The two observed Mn²⁺ centers in ThO₂ exhibita priori axial symmetry with approximate values ofg=2.0006(2),A=88.9(4)·10^?4 cm^?1 andD=33(3)·10^?4 cm^?1.     

Low temperature ESR of K2Pt(CN)4Br0.3. 3.2 H2O

Electron spin resonance has been observed in high purity single crystals of K₂Pt(CN)₄Br_0.3·3.2H₂O, (KCP), in the temperature range of 4.22–80 K. Two types of paramagnetic species are found to dominate the spectrum. One of these is an inhomogeneously broadened line showing no resolved hyperfine splitting and having g_∥ = 1.946 ± 0.003 and g⊥ = 2.340 ± 0.003. The second paramagnet is identified as a Cu²⁺ impurity center with g_∥ = 2.231 ± 0.003, g⊥ = 2.079 ± 0.002 and hyperfine tensor A_∥ = 467 MHz, A_⊥ = 70 MHz.     

Nuclear magnetic resonance on oriented194Ir (T 1/2=19.4 h) in Fe and Ni

The hyperfine interaction of¹⁹⁴Ir (j ^π =1^?;T _1/2=19.4 h) in Fe and Ni has been investigated with the technique of nuclear magnetic resonance on oriented nuclei. For both systems the electronic-orbital-momentum induced electric quadrupole splitting could be resolved. The magnetic and electric hyperfine splitting frequencies,v _M =¦gμ _N ^B _HF/h¦ andv _Q =e ² qQ/h, respectively, were measured as:¹⁹⁴IrFe:v _m =408.54 (23) MHz;v _q =?2.47(20) MHz;¹⁹⁴IrNi:v _M =135.24(5) MHz;v _q =?1.23 (3) MHz. Taking into account a 3% uncertainty arising from hyperfine anomalies theg-factor is deduced as ¦g¦=0.39 (1). The electric quadrupole moment,Q=+0.352 (18)b, is slightly smaller than expected from the known systematics of deformation parameters in this mass region.     

Measurements of theg J -factors of12C in the3 P 1 and3 P 2 states

Using the atomic beam magnetic resonance method the Zeeman interactions of¹²C in the³ P ₁ and³ P ₂ states at magnetic fields of about 3.4 kOe have been measured. The measured quantities areg _J (³ P ₁)?g_J(³ P ₂)=15.4(1.0)·10^?6 g _J (³ P ₂)=1.5010616 (50), from which the following value for g_J(³P₁) can be calculated:g _J (³ P ₁)=1.5010770 (50). The experimental results are in moderate agreement with theoretical calculations.