AHOT/异辛烷反胶束体系制备铁酸钴纳米粒子

分别以阴离子表面活性剂二(2-乙基己基)丁二酸酯磺酸钠(AOT)和新型表面活性剂二(2-乙基己基)羟基丁二酸酯磺酸钠(AHOT)与异辛烷/水构建的反胶束体系为微反应器,合成了CoFe2O4纳米粒子;利用TGA,XRD,TEM等手段对产物进行了表征;讨论了两种表面活性剂构建的反胶束体系对产物合成过程及纳米粒子形貌和尺寸的影响.     

反胶束体系中合成聚苯胺-无机物复合纳米微粒

利用阴离子型表面活性剂2-乙基己基琥珀酸钠(AOT)形成的反胶束作为微反应器合成了聚苯胺-氯化银和聚苯胺-硫酸钡复合纳米粒子;考察了搅拌因素和不同合成步骤对聚苯胺-硫酸钡尺寸及形态的影响;并利用TEM, IR, UV-vis, XRD和四探针电导率仪对产物进行了表征.研究结果表明,反胶束法可以有效地应用于有机-无机复合纳米材料的制备.     

AEOT/异辛烷/水反胶团体系对血红蛋白的提取

自Riet等报道以反胶团技术提取蛋白质以来,有关反胶团技术提取生物活性物质的报道较多,但研究对象多为分子量较小的蛋白质及酶.由表面活性剂丁二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯磺酸钠(AOT)形成的反胶团体系水含量W₀,有机相中水的摩尔浓度与表面活性剂摩尔浓度之比)较小,提取率偏低.     

N-烷基-N-(2-羟乙基)-N,N-二甲基溴化铵与十二烷基硫酸钠复配系统的双水相

合成了N-十二烷基-N-(2-羟乙基)-N,N-二甲基溴化铵、N-十四烷基-N-(2-羟乙基)-N,N-二甲基溴化铵和N-十六烷基-N-(2-羟乙基)-N,N-二甲基溴化铵等3个季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂. 研究了它们以及N-十六烷基-N,N,N-三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复配系统在313.15 K时的双水相行为. 复配系统在两个非常狭窄的区域能形成双水相, 两相区近似以等摩尔线为中心对称分布, 随着阳离子表面活性剂碳链长度的增长, 富含阳离子表面活性剂的双水相区向阴阳离子表面活性剂摩尔比减小的方向稍有移动.     

反相微乳液助水热法可控合成FeNi3合金纳米结构

利用水热法处理表面活性剂/正辛烷/正己醇/水四元微乳体系成功合成FeNi3合金纳米结构. 通过改变表面活性剂的用量和类型来调控产物粒径与形貌. 当表面活性剂为聚乙二醇4000(PEG4000)时, 产物为球状, 粒径约为75 nm. 当表面活性剂为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)时, 产物为海胆状.单个海胆状颗粒是由许多纳米棒构成, 其直径约为42 nm, 长度为0.4-1.2 μm. 利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD), 穆斯堡尔谱, 扫描电子显微镜(SEM), 透射电子显微镜(TEM), 选区电子衍射(SAED), 多功能磁天平(MMVFTB)等测试手段对产物的组成、形貌和磁性能进行了表征. 球状和海胆状的FeNi3样品在室温下呈现典型的铁磁性特征, 其饱和磁化强度(Ms)值分别为114.4和97.4 emu·g-1, 矫顽力(Hc)值分别为94.0和329.0 Oe.     

二氯化-N,N-'-二(3-脱氢松香酰氧-2-羟丙基)四甲基乙二胺的合成与性能

研究了Gemini表面活性剂中疏水"尾巴"结构对性质的影响,以脱氢松香酸和环氧氯丙烷为原料合成了中间体3-脱氢松香酰氧-2-羟丙基氯,再与四甲基乙二胺反应,得到1种以脱氢松香酰基为疏水链"尾巴"的对称Gemini型双季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂二氯化-N,N'-二(3-脱氢松香酰氧-2-羟丙基)四甲基乙二胺.在合成工艺条件的基础上,采用IR光谱、MS谱和元素分析测试技术对产物进行了结构确认.结果表明,该产物可降低水的表面张力达34.9 mN/m,临界胶束浓度为1.0×10-4 mol/L.表明具有良好疏水性能的2个大"尾巴"使合成的Gemini表面活性剂更易形成胶束,大大提高了表面活性.     

2-烷基-1,3-丙二醇β-溴丙醛缩醛的合成及表征

2-烷基-1,3-丙二醇β-溴丙醛缩醛又名5-烷基-2-溴乙基-1,3-二氧六环(3),是合成含1,3-二氧六环的可断裂表面活性剂的中间体[1],这种表面活性剂在中性和碱性条件下很稳定,在酸性条件下易断环变成非表面活性剂,这样可克服在有机合成、分析化学以及研究胶束中的反应等使用普通表面活性剂时因存在令人讨厌的乳浊液而使产物难以分离的缺陷.因此,研究和开发这类表面活性剂,无论在理论上,还是在应用中都具有十分重要的意义.     

2—烷基—1,3—丙二醇β—溴丙醛综醛的合成及表征

2-烷基-1,3-丙二醇β-溴丙醛缩醛又名5-烷基-2-溴乙基-1,3-二氧六环(3),是合成含1,3-二氧六环的可断裂表面活性剂的中间体[1],这种表面活性剂在中性和碱性条件下很稳定,在酸性条件下易断环变成非表面活性剂,这样可克服在有机合成、分析化学以及研究胶束中的反应等使用普通表面活性剂时因存在令人讨厌的乳浊液而使产物难以分离的缺陷.因此,研究和开发这类表面活性剂,无论在理论上,还是在应用中都具有十分重要的意义.     

钛箔上生长α-Fe2O3纳米氧化膜及其光电性质研究

利用电镀法在钛箔上沉积一层铁镀层,通过热氧化法将铁镀层氧化。利用X射线衍射谱(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、背散射电子像(BEI)和X射线能量散射谱(EDX)对氧化产物的晶体结构、形貌和组成进行了表征,利用表面光电压谱(SPS)和相位谱(PS)研究了氧化产物的表面光电性质,同时测定了氧化产物的I-V特性。结果表明,铁镀层的表面被热氧化后生成了含α-Fe2O3纳米带和纳米片的纳米氧化膜,α-Fe2O3纳米氧化膜在300～600 nm之间出现了一个与带-带跃迁相关的光伏响应,相位谱显示纳米膜呈n型半导体的导电特征。I-V测试表明在AM 1.5G 100 mW.cm-2标准光强作用下,0.23 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)的偏压下能产生的电流密度为0.58 mA.cm-2。     

NPES/AOT反胶束增溶体系及性质研究

该文以壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(NPES)与琥珀酸二(2-乙基己基)酯磺酸钠(AOT)复配体系为主表面活性剂,正丁醇为助表面活性剂,以柴油为油相,研究了反胶束增溶体系的粘度和电导率等物理化学性质;利用脉冲核磁共振图谱中水的T2弛豫时间分布曲线,研究了反胶束溶液中水的结合状态和分布,采用正规溶液理论计算了NPES/AOT的相互作用参数β值(-7.78),研究结果表明二者存在较强的协同效应,从理论上解释了二者在反胶束溶液中的最佳比例和协同增效作用.     

钨硅酸银纳米晶：形貌可控合成与表征

通过聚电解质(表面活性剂)作为导向剂的液相合成路线，合成了多种形貌的多金属氧酸盐纳米晶，包括纳米球，纳米带，纳米片，纳米立方体，六角纳米粒子，三角纳米粒子，雪花状纳米粒子。形状独特的六角形空心纳米粒子也通过相似的方法合成出来。在反应过程中，银离子通过配位作用吸附在聚电解质的组装结构上，通过与氮原子或氧原子的配位作用被定位在聚电解质上，从而导致规则形貌的多酸纳米粒子的形成。结果表明，产物的形貌极大地取决于表面活性剂的组装结构和它们与反应物间的配位作用。     

Two-peak phenomena and formation origin in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

Since Terabe et al.[1] developed micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) in 1984, a great number of important advances about separating neutral compounds have been achieved. In MECC mode, micellar of an ionic surfactant can form so-called pseudo stationary phase in the buffer solution when it is above the critical micelle concentration, and some portions of the solute may be distributed into the micellar phase when they are mobilized into the buffer solution from sample zone…     

纳米WO3的制备工艺探讨与结构表征

通过气液反应制备了纳米WO₃光催化剂,并用紫外吸收光谱、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量散射谱(EDS)等手段对催化剂进行了表征.讨论了乙二醇加入量和表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠对催化剂粒度大小和形貌的影响.结果表明:当水和乙二醇的比例为25:75时所得WO₃粒径为30 nm左右.在此比例条件下加入0.1 g表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠,可制得片状WO₃,粒径约为80 nm.对自制的两种纳米WO₃光催化剂在紫外光照射时降解苯酚的活性进行了初步探讨,两者的催化性能均明显优于商品WO₃.     

酸碱-氧化还原双重刺激响应型表面活性剂的合成与性能

以11-氨基十一酸为原料制备了酸碱-氧化还原双重刺激响应型表面活性剂中间体11-叔胺十一烷基羰基二茂铁(C_(11)-N-Fe);采用~1H NMR和MS等手段对产物进行了结构表征;并通过透光率、循环伏安法和紫外光谱分析等研究了其酸/碱和氧化/还原开关响应性能.研究发现,C_(11)-N-Fe的盐酸盐在水溶液中进行自组装时,可制备具有酸碱-氧化还原双重刺激响应性的泡沫,且采用2种刺激方式的消泡均可在2 min之内完成;将C_(11)-N-Fe的盐酸盐作为乳化剂用于乳化正癸烷/水体系,可以制得颗粒均匀稳定的乳状液,同时可以通过酸碱-氧化还原双重刺激可逆调控乳液的稳定与破乳.     

Gemini型表面活性剂疏水链中肉桂酸基团的光致二聚反应

采用紫外光谱、 红外光谱和质谱研究了Gemini型表面活性剂N,N'-二对丁氧基肉桂酰胺基胱氨酸钠(SDBCC)溶液的光化学反应过程和产物, 分析了SDBCC浓度对分子疏水链中肉桂酸基团光化学反应产物分布和光致二聚产率的影响. 结果表明, 在不同浓度下, SDBCC分子疏水链中的肉桂酸基团的光化学反应过程均以光致二聚反应为主, 且为分子内光致二聚产物. 但聚集体形成前后在光照过程中肉桂酸基团的光致二聚反应产率随SDBCC浓度的变化趋势不同, 聚集体形成前光致二聚反应产率随浓度的增加而增大, 聚集体形成后光致二聚反应产率随浓度的增大而减小. 综合光化学反应过程、 拓扑条件和聚集体结构进一步分析了胶束和囊泡的存在对SDBCC分子疏水链中肉桂酸基团光致二聚反应的影响.     

CO2 Mobility and CO2/Brine Interfacial Tension Reduction by Using a New Surfactant for EOR Applications

The synthesis and use in enhanced oil recovery applications of a novel CO₂-philic surfactant derived from maleic anhydride and 2-butyl-1-octanol is reported. The synthesis involved the esterification of maleic anhydride to produce diester followed by sulfonation of the esterified product. The esterification reaction parameters were optimized for the maximum yield of 98.4%. By employing a silica sulfuric acid catalyst, the reaction kinetics of esterification were also investigated. The activation energy was found to be 45.58 kJ/mol. The sulfonation reaction of the esterified product was performed by using sodium bisulfite, and a yield of 82% of surfactant was achieved. The synthesized surfactant lowered the interfacial tension between CO₂/brine to 3.1 mN/m and effectively reduced the CO₂ mobility. This surfactant has a great potential to be used for CO₂ mobility control for CO₂?EOR applications.      

Novel Surfactant for the Reduction of CO2/Brine Interfacial Tension

The synthesis of novel CO₂ philic surfactant using maleic anhydride and dipropylene tertiary butyl alcohol is reported. The synthesis involved the esterification of maleic anhydride to produce bis(2-(2-(tert-butoxy)propoxy)propyl) maleate and subsequent sulfonation of the esterified product. Para toluene sulfonic acid was employed as catalyst for the esterification reaction. The esterification reaction was optimized for the maximum yield of 98% of bis(2-(2-(tert-butoxy)propoxy)propyl) maleate. The esterification reaction kinetics employing heterogeneous catalyst were also studied. Although this is a bimolecular reaction, a first order reaction kinetics with respect to acid has been observed. The activation energy was found to be 58.71 kJ/mol. The diester was followed by the sulfonation process and a yield of 85% of surfactant was achieved. The synthesized surfactant successfully lowered down the IFT between CO_2/brine to 1.93 mN/m. This surfactant has a great potential to be used for CO₂-EOR applications.     

新型季铵型阳离子表面活性剂的合成及性能

以环氧大豆油为基本原料合成了一种季铵型阳离子表面活性剂,通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征,并对其表面张力和临界胶束浓度进行了测定.     

Preparation of tagged sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate of high purity and specific radioactivity

Radioactive tagging of a surface active agent, commonly known as a “surfactant” is described. Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate was chosen because it is one of the principal surfactants used in household detergents. To increase the radiochemical yield, the tagged sulfuric acid was concentrated and the minimum amount of non-radioactive 30% fuming sulfuric acid needed to complete the sulfonation determined. The dodecylbenzene used was fractionated from “Neolene-400” using chromatographic methods. The difference in isomers was detected by infrared spectra and refractive indices. Two methods of introducing the radioactive sulfur were employed. The purity of the products obtained was determined from their respective infrared spectra. The final product had a specific radioactivity of 1.24 millicuries per gram of surfactant. Its purity was about 99%. Some experiments using the product are described.     

Synthesis of titania/polymer core-shell hybrid microspheres

Monodisperse titania/polymer core-shell microspheres were prepared by a two-stage reaction with titania as core and poly(ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) (PEGDMA) as shell, in which the titania cores were synthesized by a sol-gel method and subsequently grafted with 3-trimethoxysilyl methacrylate as the first-stage reaction to incorporate the vinyl groups on the surface of inorganic core. The PEGDMA shell was then encapsulated over the MPS-modified titania core by distillation precipitation polymerization of ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate in neat acetonitrile during the second-stage polymerization via capture of the radicals of EGDMA with the aid of the reactive vinyl groups on the surface of inorganic core without any stabilizer or surfactant. The shell thickness of the core-shell hybrid microspheres was controlled by the feed of EGDMA monomer during the polymerization. The resultant titania particles and core-shell microspheres were studied by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis.