Chemical Composition of Spirulina platensis Cultivated in Uzbekistan

Conditions for growing spirulina (Spirulina platensis) were developed. The amino-acid and carbohydrate compositions were determined. Lipids and vitamins of the culture biomass were studied.     

Immunomodulatory Properties of Filamentous Fungi Cultivated through Solid-State Fermentation on Rapeseed Meal

Water extracts from solid-state fermentation (SSF) on rapeseed meal using filamentous fungi exhibit interesting immunomodulatory activities in vitro. Immunomodulation was determined by the capacity of the compounds to activate blood neutrophils and to influence cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). Among the strains tested, Aspergillus sojae mycelium and SSF extracts were the most promising in terms of enhancing the immune response. The filamentous fungus was also successfully cultivated in a pre-pilot bioreactor with forced aeration. The results indicated that the extracts not only activated blood neutrophils but also significantly modulated IL-1β cytokine levels with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated PBMC and BMDM without any cytotoxicity in immune cells. IL-1β was down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of A. sojae crude mycelium and SSF extract with PBMC, which indicated that there was an anti-inflammatory activity, whereas IL-1β secretion was up-regulated in the presence of stimulated BMDM with the highest concentration that was tested (100 μg/mL). The non-fermented rapeseed had no effect at the same concentration. SSF culture, as a natural product, may be a good source for the development of functional feed with an immunostimulating effect or could potentially be used in medicinal applications.     

灵芝菌丝体多糖的化学组成和溶液性质

用磷酸盐缓冲液在80℃时从灵芝菌丝体中提取出多糖-蛋白质缀合物LM-A.成分分析表明,GLM-A主要由葡萄糖组成,蛋白质含量为13%.GLM-A在1∶1水稀释的饱和镉乙二胺溶液中30℃时的特性粘数[η]和均方根旋转半径〈S²〉^1/2的分子量依赖关系分别为[η]=5.1×10^-2M_w^0.06(cm³·g^-1)和〈S²〉^1/2=3.9×10^-2M_w^0.50(nm).按照Yamakawa-Fujii-Yoshizaki蠕虫状圆筒模型的粘度理论和Bohdanecky表达式,求得GLM-A的分子参数为:单位围长摩尔质量M_L=(530±10)nm^-1,持久长度q=(2.8±0.2)nm.链直径d=0.75nm.实验结果表明,GLM-A在该溶液中为无规线团构象.     

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Rosmarinus officinalis Cultivated in the Algerian Sahara

The volatile compounds obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Rosmarinus officinalis cultivated at the Algerian Sahara were analyzed by GC/MS. Thirty compounds were characterized representing 98.2% of the essential oil with 1,8-cineole (29.5%), 2-ethyl-4,5-dimethylphenol (12.0%) and camphor (11.5%) as the major components.     

Special Features of Chemical and Mineralogical Composition and Technological Properties of High-ferriferous Wocheinite

This paper presents the comprehensive study findings of the high-ferriferous wocheinite (a bauxite variety) of Timan deposit to evaluate the possibility of its application in the aluminosilicate ceramics production. The study was carried out by chemical, X-ray phase and thermal analysis on two samples before and after calcination. According to the obtained data, investigated material is of practical interest as a hardening and mineralizing additive to produce high-strength aluminosilicate ceramics. The strength improving ceramic structures, based on clay and bauxite raw materials mixture, is possible due to the binding of silica, which is released from the structure of kaolinite by aluminum oxide as a product of boehmite and hydrargillite dehydration to the secondary mullite.     

The Acid-Base Properties and Chemical Composition of the Surface of the InSb-ZnTe System

The acid-base properties and chemical composition of the surface of solid solutions and binary components of the InSb-ZnTe system were studied by the hydrolytic adsorption, nonaqueous conductometric titration, mechanochemistry, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry methods. The strength, nature, and concentration of acid centers were determined. Changes in the concentration of acid centers caused by surface exposure to CO and changes in the composition of the system were also studied. The mechanism of acid-base interactions was established. The chemical composition of the surface of system components exposed to air included adsorbed H₂O molecules, OH⁻ groups, hydrocarbon and oxocarbon compounds, and the products of surface atom oxidation. After thermal treatment in a vacuum, the composition of the surface approached the stoichiometric composition. Original Russian Text ? I.A. Kirovskaya, E.G. Shubenkova, O.T. Timoshenko, T.N. Filatova, 2008, published in Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 2008, Vol. 82, No. 4, pp. 732–738.     

Fractional and Amino-Acid Composition of Wheat Grain Cultivated in Uzbekistan

Wheat grain cultivated in Uzbekistan had an increased content of water-soluble proteinaceous and relatively low gliadin and glutelin fractions. The amino-acid content in the studied varieties depended on the amount of protein in the grain.     

重组灵芝免疫调节蛋白的纯化及其性质

采用超滤浓缩、强阴离子交换、疏水作用和凝胶色谱等方法, 对毕赤酵母表达的rGlip进行分离和纯化, 对离子交换色谱中rGlip与固相结合的最佳pH值进行了考察, 并对纯化产物的活性进行了鉴定. rGlip在215 nm处有强的紫外吸收, 经激光解析电离时间飞行质谱鉴定其相对分子量为12722, 经反相液相色谱鉴定纯度≥97%. 设计rGlip的疏水作用色谱, 有效地去除色素. 凝血实验结果表明, rGlip可以凝集绵羊血红细胞, 但对人血A, B, AB和O型等红细胞无凝集作用, 有类似凝集素的生物学活性.     

碱石灰的成分、作用小议

随手翻开一本无机化学书,都可以找到这个问题的答案。笔者一口气查阅了一二十种不同深浅层次的化学用书,对于碱石灰的成分及其作用,陈述不尽相同。现将部分资料罗列于下表。     

Chemical Composition of Aronia melanocarpa

Chemistry of Natural Compounds -     

天然和人工培植红景天挥发油的对比研究

应用ＧＣ－ＭＳ和ＧＣ－ＩＲ两种联机法对比研究了天然和人工培植红景天挥发油、分别鉴定出２７个和２４个化合物。ＭＳ给出结构信息和ＩＲ给出官能团信息相结合，提高了分析测试复杂样品的可靠性。     

酱油的分类与化学成分探究

酱油是用粮食原料酿造的液体调味品,红褐色,有独特酱香。酱油中含有许多化学物质,主要介绍酱油的分类与主要化学成分的基本知识。     

Chemical Composition and Microstructure of Plasma-Nitrided Aluminium

 Detailed examinations were made by AES depth profiling, SEM, TEM and electron diffraction to get information about the relation between treatment conditions and the state of plasma-nitrided aluminium. The chemical composition and the elemental depth distribution were proofed to be depending on gas phase mixture, pressure and temperature during plasma treatment. The admixture of hydrogen during presputtering for surface cleaning and during nitriding results both in an improved nitriding behaviour and in a reduction of the formation of conical-shaped particles at the surface. The microstructure of the nitride layer isn’t depending on tested process conditions significantly. Surface and interface between layer and substrate are roughly in a scale of a few ten nanometers owing to sputtering effects. The main phase inside the layer is nanocrystalline AlN of the known hexagonal modification. In addition, some crystallites of remaining aluminium are present as a second phase. In contrast to nitrogen-implanted aluminium no preferred lattice orientation of the AlN phase was evident.     

高分子的表面化学组成与生物相容性

生物相容性是高分子材料在临床上用作医用装置的基本要求，改变高分子材料的表面化学组成是提高其生物相容性的重要途径。综述了构建表面化学组成改性高分子材料生物相容性的最新研究进展，并对改善高分子材料生物相容性的研究方法提出了一些看法。     

Comparison of Chemical Composition and Hydrophilic Properties of Surfaces of Organic Polymers Treated in Various Low-Temperature Plasmas

High Energy Chemistry - A comparative study of the chemical composition and properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) after their treatment in various types of...