Stabilities of mixed metal complexes with biologically active colchiceine in dioxan-water and their relation to quantitative softness values: A new approach

Summary Equilibria between colchiceine and protons or bivalent metal ions and mixed metal ions have been investigated potentiometrically. The method of Bjerrum and Calvin, as modified by Irving and Rossotti [1] has been used to find the values ofn andpL. Stability constants have been calculated using NBAR and weighted least-squares programmes. The values ofS _min=² have also been calculated. The order of stability constants for bivalent metal complexes was found to be: Zn < Cu > Ni > Co > Cd > Mn > Mg and for mixed metal complexes: Cu-Ni > Cu-Zn > Cu-Cd. A linear relationship was observed between logK ₁ and the softness values of the complexes.Part of this work was presented for to the DALTON 1992 Autumn Meeting of the Royal Society of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Sept 1618, 1992     

Bilayer studies in mixedn-decanol/n-tetradecanol complexes ofn-decylammonium beidellite

Complexes have been prepared by treatment ofn-decylammonium beidellite with mixtures ofn-decanol andn-tetradecanol with different concentrations. Measurements of the basal spacings of the obtained complexes have been performed in a wide range of temperatures. Three different bilayer phases have been established between (20 and 70°C: the _i(C₁₀) phases (=bilayers ofn-decyl chains); the _i(C₁₀/C₁₄) phases (=mixed bilayers ofn-decyl andn-tetradecyl chains in molar ratio approximately 1:1) and the _i(C₁₄) phases (=bilayer ofn-tetradecy 1 chains with then-decylammonium ions included). In all bilayer phases the chains stand perpendicular to the silicate interfaces. In definite concentration ranges two of the phases coexist, i.e., miscibility gaps occur, which disappear at temperatures higher than the temperature of the _i/ transition. The miscibility gaps are reversible with temperature. The composition of the intercalated bilayers has been studied by HPLC of the excess alkanol mixture separated from the beidellite complexes after the equilibrium has been reached. There is preferential adsorption of one of two alkanols from the mixture, which is in agreement with the observed miscibility gaps. The space filling problem as well as the structure of the three bilayer phases observed have been discussed.     

Preparation and characterization of divalent metal ion complexes ofN-2-picolyl-N-phenylthiourea

Summary New complexes ofN-2-picolyl-N -phenylthiourea (HPPT) have been prepared employing a number of different divalent metal ion salts. The resultant Co^II, Ni^II, and Cu^II complexes, which generally involve coordination of HPPT, except for the Cu^II halides which have a deprotonated ligand, have been characterized by partial elemental analysis, molar conductivity and spectral (i.r., u.v.-vis., and e.s.r.) studies. HPPT is an NN bidentate ligand while the deprotonated form serves as an NNS bridging tridentate ligand. The complexes undergo partial or total decomposition in the solvents in which they are soluble. The compounds [Cu(HPPT)₂X₂] have resolved g features in their powder spectra indicating that magnetic dilution has occurred.On leave from Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.     

Electrochemical synthesis and magnetic studies of neutral transition metal imidazolates and pyrazolates

Summary The single-step electrochemical synthesis of neutral transition metal complexes of imidazole, pyrazole and their derivatives has been achieved at ambient temperature. The metal was oxidized in an Me₂CO solution of the diazole to yield complexes of the general formula: [M(Iz)₂] (where M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn; Iz = imidazolate); [M(MeIz)₂] (where M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn; MeIz = 4-methylimidazolate); [M(PrⁱIz)₂] (where M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn; PrⁱIz = 2-isopropylimidazolate); [M(pyIz)_n] (where M = Co^III, Cu^II, Zn^II; pyIz = 2-(2-pyridyl)imidazolate); [M(Pz)_n] (where M = Co^III, Ni^II, Cu^II, Zn^II; Pz = pyrazolate); [M(ClPz)_n] and [M(IPz)_n] (where M = Co^III, Ni^II, Cu^II, Zn^II; ClPz = 4-chloropyrazolate; IPz = 4-iodopyrazolate); [M(Me₂Pz)_n] (where M = Co^II, Cu^I, Zn^II; Me₂Pz = 3,5-dimethylpyrazolate) and [M(BrMe₂Pz)_n] (where M = Co^II, Ni^II, Cu^I, Zn^II; BrMe₂Pz = 3,5-dimethyl-4-bromopyrazolate). Vibrational spectra verified the presence of the anionic diazole and electronic spectra confirmed the stereochemistry about the metal centre. Variable temperature (360-90 K) magnetic measurements of the cobalt and copper chelates revealed strong antiferromagnetic interaction between the metal ions in the lattice. Data for the copper complexes were fitted to a Heisenberg (S= ) model for an infinite one-dimensional linear chain, yielding best fit values of J=–62––65cm^–1 andg = 2.02–2.18. Data for the cobalt complexes were fitted to an Ising (S= ) model with J=–4.62––11.7cm^–1 andg = 2.06–2.49.     

Synthesis and further reactivity studies of some transition metal gallyl complexes

Reactions of the anionic gallium(I) heterocycle salt, [K(tmeda)][Ga(DAB)] (DAB = {N(Dip)C(H)}₂; Dip = C₆H₃Prⁱ₂-2,6), with a series of groups 6-9 and 11 metal halide complexes have given rise to the metal gallyl complexes, [CpCr(IMes){Ga(DAB)}] (IMes = :C{(Mes)NC(H)}₂; Mes = mesityl), [M(tmeda){Ga(DAB)}₂] (M = Mn, Fe or Co) and [Cu(dppe){Ga(DAB)}] (dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane). The majority of the complexes have been crystallographically characterized. The reactivity of the previously reported copper(I) gallyl complex, [(IPr)Cu{Ga(DAB)}] (IPr = :C{(Dip)NC(H)}₂), towards a variety of unsaturated substrates has been explored. Three crystallographically characterized complexes have arisen from this phase of the study, viz. [(IPr)CuCCPh], [(IPr)Cu{Ga(DAB)}(CNBu^t)] and [(IPr)Cu{κ¹-OC(O)C(CNHDip)(NHDip)}]. The results of these investigations show that the reactivity of [(IPr)Cu{Ga(DAB)}] is significantly different to that of related copper boryl complexes.     

Alkoxy-1,3,5-triazapentadien(e/ato) copper(II) complexes: template formation and applications for the preparation of pyrimidines and as catalysts for oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl products

Template combination of copper acetate (Cu(AcO)₂?H₂O) with sodium dicyanamide (NaN(C≡N)₂, 2 equiv) or cyanoguanidine (N≡CNHC(=NH)NH₂, 2 equiv) and an alcohol ROH (used also as solvent) leads to the neutral copper(II)–(2,4‐alkoxy‐1,3,5‐triazapentadienato) complexes [Cu{NH?C(OR)NC(OR)?NH}₂] (R=Me ( 1 ), Et ( 2 ), nPr ( 3 ), iPr ( 4 ), CH₂CH₂OCH₃ ( 5 )) or cationic copper(II)–(2‐alkoxy‐4‐amino‐1,3,5‐triazapentadiene) complexes [Cu{NH?C(OR)NHC(NH₂)?NH}₂](AcO)₂ (R=Me ( 6 ), Et ( 7 ), nPr ( 8 ), nBu ( 9 ), CH₂CH₂OCH₃ ( 10 )), respectively. Several intermediates of this reaction were isolated and a pathway was proposed. The deprotonation of 6 – 10 with NaOH allows their transformation to the corresponding neutral triazapentadienates [Cu{NH?C(OR)NC(NH₂)?NH}₂] 11 – 15 . Reaction of 11 , 12 or 15 with acetyl acetone (MeC(?O)CH₂C(?O)Me) leads to liberation of the corresponding pyrimidines NC(Me)CHC(Me)NC NHC(?NH)OR, whereas the same treatment of the cationic complexes 6 , 7 or 10 allows the corresponding metal‐free triazapentadiene salts {NH₂C(OR)?NC(NH₂)?NH₂}(OAc) to be isolated. The alkoxy‐1,3,5‐triazapentadiene/ato copper(II) complexes have been applied as efficient catalysts for the TEMPO radical‐mediated mild aerobic oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes (molar yields of aldehydes of up to 100 % with >99 % selectivity) and for the solvent‐free microwave‐assisted synthesis of ketones from secondary alcohols with tert‐butylhydroperoxide as oxidant (yields of up to 97 %, turnover numbers of up to 485 and turnover frequencies of up to 1170 h^?1).     

Synthesis, characterization and antitumour properties of metal(II) solid complexes with Morin

Summary Six metal(II) complexes with Morin ML₂·nH₂O [L = Morin(2-OH group deprotonated); M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, or Cd; n = 2 or 3] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, i.r., ¹H-n.m.r., t.g.-d.t.a and u.v.-vis. spectroscopic techniques and by fluorescence analysis. Comparative antitumour activities of Morin·2H₂O and two complexes [ZnL₂·3H₂O and CuL₂·2H₂O] were tested by in vitro screening. The results show that the inhibitory ratio of complexes against the tested tumour cells was higher than that of Morin.     

Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of metal(II) complexes prepared withN-2-(5-picolyl)-N′-phenylthiourea

Summary The chlorides and bromides of cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) along with the acetates of the latter two metal ions and copper(II) tetrafluoroborate were used to prepare complexes ofN-2-(5-picolyl)-N-phenylthiourea (5MTUH). 5MTUH coordinates as a bidentate ligand via the pyridyl nitrogen and the sulphur atoms in the cobalt(II) complexes and the compounds isolated with Cu(BF₄)₂ and CuCl₂. Complexes of stoichiometry [Cu(5MTU)X] (X=Br or C₂H₃O₂) appear to have the deprotonated ligand coordinated via the pyridyl andN thioamide nitrogens and the sulphur atom. The nickel(II) complexes involve monodentate 5MTUH with sulphur being the donor atom. A violet, octahedral [Co(5MTUH)₂Cl₂] complex and a blue, tetrahedral [Co(5MTUH)Cl₂] complex have been isolated, but with CoBr₂ only an octahedral complex could be prepared.     

Preparation of metal Niacin complexes and characterization using spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques

Metal complexes of Niacin (3-pyridin carboxylic acid) were prepared in aqueous medium and characterized by different physico-chemical methods. On the basis of elemental analysis the empirical formula of the complexes have been proposed as [Fe(C₆H₄NO₂)]Cl₂, [Co(C₆H₄NO₂)]Cl, [Zn(C₆H₄NO₂)]Cl, [Cd(C₆H₄NO₂)]Cl and [Hg(C₆H₄NO₂)]Cl. IR spectral data indicate that the metal-ligand bonding occurs through nitrogen atom of aromatic ring and oxygen atom of COO⁻-group. UV-visible spectra show that Fe(III) and Co(II) complexes show d-d electronic transition in addition to π → π*, n → π* and n → σ* transitions. The Fe(II) and Co(II) complexes are paramagnetic. QSTG analysis data strongly support the absence of water molecules in the complexes, and the weight of the residue corresponds to the respective metal oxides. Cyclic voltammetric studies suggest that the redox properties of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) in their complexes are modified compared to the uncoordinated metal ion. The CV data also indicate that the charge transfer processes are not reversible.     

3- and 4-picolylamine complexes of bivalent metal halides and pseudohalides

Summary Coordination compounds formed by the interaction of some bivalent metal halides and pseudohalides with the potentially bidentate ligands, 3-picolylamine and 4-picolyl-amine, have been prepared and characterized by molecular conductance, magnetic susceptibility, electronic and i.r. spectral measurements in the solid state. The i.r. spectral studies indicate that, in addition to their monodentate bonding through pyridine ring nitrogens, these ligands also bond through their amino nitrogen and, in some cases, act as bidentate bridging or chelating ligands. Tentative stereochemistries of the complexes isolated in the solid state are discussed. The ligand field parameters 10 Dq, B, Dq/B, andv ₂/v ₁ are calculated for the cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes and are consistent with their proposed stereochemistries.     

Ligating characteristics of a labile phosphorus(III) derivative R2PNCS (R=Me or Ph); synthesis and characterization of stable complexes with transition metals

Summary R₂PNCS (R=Me or Ph) obtained in CH₂Cl₂ solution from R₂PCl and AgSCN, is unstable in the absence of solvent, yet yields stable complexes of stoichiometry [MLCl_n] (L=R₂PNCS) when reactedin situ with metal chlorides MCl_n (M=Mn or Co; n=2, V or Fe, n=3). Physico-chemical data suggest that the > PNCS moiety retains its identity in the complexes, providing P and S as coordinating sites, and coordination is accompanied by delocalization of metal electrons through an additional overlap between empty P(3d) and metal (3d) orbitals. Probable geometries for the complexes have been ascertained from magnetic susceptibility and diffuse reflectance spectral studies.     

Synthesis and structural studies on bivalent metal complexes of benzenesulphonylhydrazine

Summary Benzenesulphonylhydrazine (HB) reacts with bivalent metal ions either in the keto-or enol forms. The complexes have been characterized by spectral (u.v., i.r., n.m.r.,), magnetic and thermal (d.t.a., d.t.g, t.g., d.s.c.) measurements. I.r. spectra suggest that HB is monodentate coordinatingvia NH or NH₂, depending on the medium of the reaction. The participation of the O=S=O group in bondingvia bridge-formation in a polymeric chain is also considered. The substitution of ethanol in the Co^II complex, [(CoB₂EtOH)_n], by H₂O, pyridine or acetonitrile was also investigated.     

Syntheses and characterizations of group 6 metal cyanotrihydroborate complexes

The anions, [M(CO)_6-n(NCBH₃)_n]ⁿ⁻ (n=2, M=Cr(1); n=3, M=Cr(2), Mo(3), W(4)), were prepared either from the reactions of sodium cyanotrihydroborate with group 6 transition metal hexacarbonyls, M(CO)₆ (M=Cr, Mo, W), or through the reactions of M(CO)₃(CH₃CN)₃ (M=Cr, W) with sodium cyanotrihydroborate. The cyanotrihydroborate ligand bonds to the metal through a nitrogen atom, which was confirmed by the Infrared, proton and boron NMR spectroscopies. Crystal structures of the above complexes were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. A cis configuration is found in 1. Molecular structures of 2, 3, and 4 are similar and a facial configuration is observed.     

Transition metal complexes with neutral and deprotonated malonamide

Summary New complexes of the general formulae [M(LH₂)₂Cl₂] (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn), [Mn(LH₂)₂X₂] (X = Br, I), [Cu(LH₂)₂Br₂], [Ni(LH₂)₂X₂] (X = Br, NCS, ONO₂), [Cu(LH₂)X₂]_n (X = Cl, Br), K₂[NiL₂]·2H₂O and K₂-[CuL₂]·H₂O, where LH₂ = malonamide, were isolated. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, X-ray powder patterns, magnetic susceptibilities and spectroscopic (variable-temperature ⁵⁷Fe-Mössbauer, e.s.r., u.v.-vis., i.r., far-i.r., Raman) studies. Monomeric trans pseudo-octahedral stereochemistries for the neutral 12 complexes and square planar structures of D _2h symmetry for the two ionic complexes are assigned in the solid state. Dimeric or polymeric five-coordinate structures are proposed for the 11 copper(II) compounds. LH₂ and L^2– behave as bidentate chelating ligands binding through oxygen and deprotonated nitrogen atoms, respectively. A detailed comparison of the studied complexes with the corresponding oxamide complexes is also presented.     

Spectrothermal studies of 1,10-phenanthroline complexes of Co(II), NI(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) orotates

The 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) orotates were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, spectral methods (UV-vis and FTIR) and thermal analysis techniques (TG, DTG and DTA). The Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions in diaquabis(1,10-phenanthroline)metal(II) diorotate octahedral complexes [M(H₂O)₂(phen)₂](H₂Or)₂·nH₂O (M=Co(II), n=2.25; Ni(II), n=3; Cu(II) and Cd(II), n=2) are coordinated by two aqua ligands and two moles of phen molecules as chelating ligands through their two nitrogen atoms. The monoanionic orotate behaves as a counter ion in the complexes. On the basis of the first DTG_max, the thermal stability of the hydrated complexes follows the order: Cd(II), 68°C 68°C     

Cobalt(III) complexes with biguanide derivatives: Synthesis,structures, and antiviral activity

Three Co(III) complexes with biguanide derivatives [Co(NH₂C(=NH)NHC(=NH)NR¹R²)₃]Cl₃ (R¹R² = Me₂ (I), Et₂ (II), and H^sBu (III)) were obtained and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and electronic absorption spectroscopy. Structure III was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (CIF file CCDC no. 1401783). Complexes I–III and [M(SC(NH₂)₂)₄]Cl₂ (M = Pd, Pt, and [Co(En)₃]Cl₃) were tested for in vitro antiviral activity against the A/California/07/09 (H1N1pdm09) influenza virus. The best results were achieved with complex III and both thiourea complexes.     

Cyclopentadienylruthenium(II) dialkyldithiophosphate and diphenyldithiophosphinate complexes

Summary Cyclopentadienylruthenium(II) dialkyldithiophosphate and diphenyldithiophosphinate complexes, [RuCp(SSPR₂)-(PR₃)J (R = OEt, OPr-n, OPr-i, OBu-n, Ph; R = Ph or C₆H₄Me-p; n = 1 or 2) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis and n.m.r. (¹H and ³¹P) spectral data. The dithio ligand, where n = 1 or 2, behaves in a chelating bidentate and monodentate fashion, respectively.     

Metal complexes of pyrimidine-derived ligands — Part 6. Bischelates of cobalt(II), nickel(II) and monochelates of copper(II) with 3, 5-dimethyl-1-(4′, 6′-dimethyl-2′-pyrimidyl)pyrazole,a potential antitumour agent

Summary Cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of 3, 5-dimethyl-1-(4, 6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidyl)pyrazole (DPymPz) have been synthesized and characterized. Magnetic and electronic spectral features show that both [M(DPymPz)₂X₂]·nH₂O [M=cobalt(II) or nickel(II), X=Cl, Br, I, SCN, NO₃, ClO₄ or BF₄ andn=0 or 2] and [Cu(DPymPz)X₂(H₂O)₂] (X=Cl, Br or SCN) are essentially octahedral species. The i.r. spectra indicate that DPymPz is a neutral bidentate ligand being the pyrazolyl and one pyrimidyl ring nitrogen. The X is bonded to the central metal ion in a majority of the complexes.Part 5: N. Saha and D. Mukherjee,Polyhedron,5, 1317 (1986).     

Synthesis and spectral characterization of Schiff-base complexes derived from alanine and 2-acetylpyridine with some divalent metal acetates

Schiff-base complexes [ML(H₂O)₂(Ac)]nH₂O (M?=?Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II); L?=?Schiff-base ligand derived from 2-acetylpyridine and alanine and n?=?1–3/2) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, spectral (FTIR, UV/Vis, MS, ¹H-NMR), thermal (TGA), conductance and magnetic moment measurements. The results suggest octahedral geometry for all the isolated complexes. IR spectra show that the ligand coordinates to the metal ions as mononegative tridentate through pyridyl nitrogen, azomethine nitrogen and carboxylate oxygen after deprotonation of the hydroxyl group. Semi-empirical calculations PM3 and AM1 have been used to study the molecular geometry and the harmonic vibrational spectra to assist the experimental assignments of the complexes.     

Cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of 5-(2-carboxyphenylazo)-2-thiohydantoin

A new series of hexacoordinate cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of 5-(2-carboxyphenylazo)-2-thiohydantoin HL having formulae [LM(OAc)(H₂O)₂] · nH₂O (M = Co^II, Cu^II and Ni^II), [LMCl(H₂O)₂] · nH₂O (M = Co^II and Ni^II), [LCuCl(H₂O)]₂ · 2H₂O, [LCu(H₂O)₃](ClO₄) and [LCu(HSO₄)(H₂O)₂] were isolated and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductivities and magnetic susceptibilities, and by i.r., electronic and e.s.r. spectral measurements, as well as by thermal (t.g. and d.t.g.) analyses. The i.r. spectra indicate that the ligand HL behaves as a monobasic tridentate towards the three divalent metal ions via an azo-N, carboxylate-O and thiohydantoin-O atom. The magnetic moments and electronic spectral data suggest an octahedral geometry for Co^II complexes, distorted octahedral geometry for both Ni^II and Cu^II complexes with a dimeric structure for [LCuCl(H₂O)]₂ · 2H₂O through bridged chloro ligands. The X-band e.s.r. spectra reveal an axial symmetry for the copper(II) complexes with unsymmetrical M_s = ± 1 signal and G-parameter less than four for the dimeric [LCuCl(H₂O)]₂ · 2H₂O. The thermogravimetry (t.g. and d.t.g.) of some complexes were studied; the order and kinetic parameters of their thermal degradation were determined by applying Coats–Redfern method and discussed.