Consistent first-return Riemann sums for Lebesgue integrals

U. B. Darji and M. J. Evans [1] showed previously that it is possible to obtain the integral of a Lebesgue integrable function on the interval [0,1] via a Riemann type process, where one chooses the selected point in each partition interval using a first-return algorithm based on a sequence {x _n} which is dense in [0,1]. Here we show that if the same is true for every rearrangement of {x _n}, then the function must be equal almost everywhere to a Riemann integrable function. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Bourgain property and convex hulls

Let (Ω, Σ, μ) be a complete probability space and let X be a Banach space. We consider the following problem: Given a function f: Ω → X for which there is a norming set B ? B_{X *} such that Z_f,B = {x * ○ f: x * ∈ B } is uniformly integrable and has the Bourgain property, does it follow that f is Birkhoff integrable? It turns out that this question is equivalent to the following one: Given a pointwise bounded family ?? ? ?^Ω with the Bourgain property, does its convex hull co(??) have the Bourgain property? With the help of an example of D. H. Fremlin, we make clear that both questions have negative answer in general. We prove that a function f: Ω → X is scalarly measurable provided that there is a norming set B ? B_{X *} such that Z_f,B has the Bourgain property. As an application we show that the first problem has positive solution in several cases, for instance: (i) when B_{X *} is weak* separable; (ii) under Martin's axiom, for functions defined on [0, 1] with values in a Banach space with density character smaller than the continuum. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Infinite dimensional Banach spaces of functions with nonlinear properties

The aim of this paper is to show that there exist infinite dimensional Banach spaces of functions that, except for 0, satisfy properties that apparently should be destroyed by the linear combination of two of them. Three of these spaces are: a Banach space of differentiable functions on ?ⁿ failing the Denjoy‐Clarkson property; a Banach space of non Riemann integrable bounded functions, but with antiderivative at each point of an interval; a Banach space of infinitely differentiable functions that vanish at infinity and are not the Fourier transform of any Lebesgue integrable function (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Birkhoff integral for multi-valued functions

The aim of this paper is to study Birkhoff integrability for multi-valued maps , where (Ω,Σ,μ) is a complete finite measure space, X is a Banach space and cwk(X) is the family of all non-empty convex weakly compact subsets of X. It is shown that the Birkhoff integral of F can be computed as the limit for the Hausdorff distance in cwk(X) of a net of Riemann sums ∑_nμ(A_n)F(t_n). We link Birkhoff integrability with Debreu integrability, a notion introduced to replace sums associated to correspondences when studying certain models in Mathematical Economics. We show that each Debreu integrable multi-valued function is Birkhoff integrable and that each Birkhoff integrable multi-valued function is Pettis integrable. The three previous notions coincide for finite dimensional Banach spaces and they are different even for bounded multi-valued functions when X is infinite dimensional and X∗ is assumed to be separable. We show that when F takes values in the family of all non-empty convex norm compact sets of a separable Banach space X, then F is Pettis integrable if, and only if, F is Birkhoff integrable; in particular, these Pettis integrable F's can be seen as single-valued Pettis integrable functions with values in some other adequate Banach space. Incidentally, to handle some of the constructions needed we prove that if X is an Asplund Banach space, then cwk(X) is separable for the Hausdorff distance if, and only if, X is finite dimensional.     

Functions not first-return integrable

Benedetto Bongiorno constructed a certain class of improperly Riemann integrable functions on [0,1] which are not first-return integrable. He asked if all improper Riemann integrable functions which are not Lebesgue integrable are not first-return integrable. Recently David Fremlin provided a clever example to show that this is not the case. It remains open as to which functions are first-return integrable. We prove two general theorems which imply the existence of a large class of improperly Riemann integrable functions which are not first-return integrable. As a corollary we obtain that there is an improperly Riemann integrable function which is C^∞ on (0,1] yet fails to be first-return integrable.     

A Gelfand-Phillips Property with Respect to the Weak Topology

We consider a Gelfand-Phillips type property for the weak topology. The main results that we obtain are (1) for certain Banach spaces, E^?_? F inherits this property from E and F, and (2) the spaces L^p(μ, E) have this property when E does. A subset A of a Banach space E is a limited set if every (bounded linear) operator T:E → c₀ maps A onto a relatively compact subset of c₀. The Banach space E has the Gelfand-Phillips property if every limited set is relatively compact. In this note, we study the analogous notions set in the weak topology. Thus we say that A ? E is a Grothendieck set if every T: E → c₀ maps A onto a relatively weakly compact set; and E is said to have the weak type GP property if every Grothendieck set in E is relatively weakly compact. In the papers [3, 4 and 6], it is shown among other results that the ?-tensor product E and the spaces L^p(μ, E) inherit the Gelfand-Phillips property from E and F. In this paper, we study the same questions for the weak type GP property. It is easily verified that continuous linear images of Grothendieck sets are Grothendieck and that the weak type GP property is inherited by subspaces. Among the spaces with the weak type GP property one easily finds the separable spaces, and more generally, spaces with a weak* sequentially compact dual ball. Also, C(K) spaces where K is (DCSC) are weak type GP (see [3] and the discussion before Corollary 4 below). A Grothendieck space (a Banach space whose unit ball is a Grothendieck set) has the weak type GP if and only if it is reflexive.     

Some characterizations of the analytic Radon-Nikodým property in Banach spaces

The analytic Radon-Nikodým property for a complex Banach space X is characterized in several ways analogous to the common characterizations of the Radon-Nikodým property. For example, the Banach space X has the analytic Radon-Nikodým property if and only if any operator from L¹ to X that factors through L¹/H₀¹ is representable. The characterizations are used to study complemented subspaces of L¹/H₀¹ and to define the analytic Radon-Nikodým property for real Banach spaces.     

Radon-Nikodym derivatives of finitely additive interval measures taking values in a Banach space with basis

Let X be a Banach space with a Schauder basis { en }, and let Φ( I ) = Σ∞ n=1 en∫I fn(t)dt be a finitely additive interval measure on the unit interval [0, 1], where the integrals are taken in the sense of Henstock-Kurzweil. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for Φ to be the indefinite integral of a Henstock-Kurzweil-Pettis (or Henstock, or variational Henstock) integrable function f : [0, 1] → X .     

The Average Range Characterization of the Radon–Nikodym Property

A characterization of Banach spaces possessing the Radon—Nikodym property is given in terms of the average range of additive interval functions. We prove that a Banach space X has the RNP if and only if each X-valued additive interval function possessing absolutely continuous McShane (or Henstock) variational measure has nonempty average range almost everywhere on [0, 1].     

The Singularity Property of Banach Function Spaces and Unconditional Convergence in L 1[0, 1]

Let X be a Banach function space, L^∞ [0, 1] ⊂ X ⊂ L¹[0, 1]. It is proved that if dual space of X has singularity property in closed set E ⊂ [0, 1] then: 1) there exists no orthonormal basis in C[0, 1], which forms an unconditional basis in X in metric of L¹[0, 1] space, 2) for the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator M we have      

Some properties of the injective tensor product of L[0,1] and a Banach space

Let X be a (real or complex) Banach space and 1<p,p′<∞ such that 1/p+1/p′=1. Then , the injective tensor product of L^p[0,1] and X, has the Radon-Nikodym property (resp. the analytic Radon-Nikodym property, the near Radon-Nikodym property, contains no copy of c₀, is weakly sequentially complete) if and only if X has the same property and each continuous linear operator from L^p′[0,1] to X is compact.     

On a new geometric property for Banach spaces

In this paper we study a geometric property for Banach spaces called condition (*), introduced by de Reynaet al in [3], A Banach space has this property if for any weakly null sequencex _n of unit vectors inX, ifx _* ⁿ is any sequence of unit vectors inX ^* that attain their norm at x_n’s, then . We show that a Banach space satisfies condition (*) for all equivalent norms iff the space has the Schur property. We also study two related geometric conditions, one of which is useful in calculating the essential norm of an operator.     

Renorming in the space of Bochner integrable functionsL 1(μ,X)

A sufficient condition is given when a subspaceL⊂L ₁(μ,X) of the space of Bochner integrable function, defined on a finite and positive measure space (S, Φ, μ) with values in a Banach spaceX, is locally uniformly convex renormable in terms of the integrable evaluations {∫ _A fdμ;f∈L}. This shows the lifting property thatL ₁(μ,X) is renormable if and only ifX is, and indicates a large class of renormable subspaces even ifX does not admit and equivalent locally uniformly convex norm.     

Banach function subspaces of L of a vector measure and related Orlicz spaces

Given a vector measure ν with values in a Banach space X, we consider the space L¹(ν) of real functions which are integrable with respect to ν. We prove that every order continuous Banach function space Y continuously contained in L¹(ν) is generated via a certain positive map related to ν and defined on X* x M, where X* is the dual space of X and M the space of measurable functions. This procedure provides a way of defining Orlicz spaces with respect to the vector measure ν.     

A. S. Convergence of two-parameter banach space valued martingales and the radon-nikodym property of banach spaces

In this paper, we prove that under theF ₄ conditions, anyL log⁺ L bounded two-parameter Banach spece valued martingale converges almost surely to an integrable Banach space valued random variable if and only if the Banach space has the Radon-Nikodym property. We further prove that the above conclusion remains true if theF ₄ condition is replaced by the weaker localF ₄ condition. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the State Education Commission Ph. D. Station Foundation     

SOME ASPECTS OF THE LIFTING PROPERTY OF THE SPACE £∞ (μ, X)

Abstract

Using a lifting of £_∞ (μ, X) ([5],[6]), we construct a lifting ρ x of the seminormed vector space £_∞ (μ, X) of measurable, essentially bounded X-valued functions. We show that in a certain sense such a lifting always exists. If μ is Lebesgue measure on (0, 1) we show that ρ x exists as map from £_∞ ((O, 1), X) → £_∞,((0, l), X) if and only if X is reflexive. In general the lifted function takes its values in X **. Therefore we investigate the question, when f ε £_∞ (μ, X) is strictly liftable in the sense that the lifted function is a map with values even in X.

As an application we introduce the space £_∞ ^strong (μ, L (X, Y**)), a subspace of the space of strongly measurable, essentially bounded L (X, Y, **)-valued functions, and the associated quotient space £_∞ ^strong (μ, L (X,Y**)). We show that this space is a Banach space because there is a kind of a Dunford-Pettis Theorem for a subspace of L (X, £_∞(μ Y**)). Finally we investigate the measurability property of functions in £_∞(μ Y**)) und see that there exists a connection to the Radon-Nikodym property of the space L (X, Y).     

EMBEDDING C0 IN THE SPACE OF PETTIS INTEGRABLE FUNCTIONS

Abstract

We show that the normed space of μ-measurable Pettis integrable functions on a probability space with values in a Banach space X contains a copy of the sequence space c₀ if and only if X contains a copy of c₀. In this case, if the probability μ has infinite range, a copy of c₀ consisting of μ-measurable functions can be found, such that it is complemented in the bigger space of all weakly μ-measurable Pettis integrable functions.     

Best simultaneous approximation in L∞(μ, X)

Let Y be a reflexive subspace of the Banach space X, let (Ω, Σ, μ) be a finite measure space, and let L_∞(μ, X) be the Banach space of all essentially bounded μ ‐Bochner integrable functions on Ω with values in X, endowed with its usual norm. Let us suppose that Σ₀ is a sub‐σ ‐algebra of Σ, and let μ₀ be the restriction of μ to Σ₀. Given a natural number n, let N be a monotonous norm in ?ⁿ . We prove that L_∞(μ, Y) is N ‐simultaneously proximinal in L_∞(μ,X), and that if X is reflexive then L_∞(μ₀, X) is N ‐simultaneously proximinal in L_∞(μ, X) in the sense of Fathi, Hussein, and Khalil [3]. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Some applications of Banach algebra techniques

We consider some functional Banach algebras with multiplications as the usual convolution product * and the so‐called Duhamel product ?. We study the structure of generators of the Banach algebras (C⁽ⁿ⁾[0, 1], *) and (C⁽ⁿ⁾[0, 1], ?). We also use the Banach algebra techniques in the calculation of spectral multiplicities and extended eigenvectors of some operators. Moreover, we give in terms of extended eigenvectors a new characterization of a special class of composition operators acting in the Lebesgue space L^p[0, 1] by the formula (C_φf)(x) = f(φ(x)).     

Some remarks on the Fefferman-Stein inequality

We investigate the Fefferman-Stein inequality related to a function f and the sharp maximal function f ^# on a Banach function space X. It is proved that this inequality is equivalent to a certain boundedness property of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator M. The latter property is shown to be self-improving. We apply our results in several directions. First, we show the existence of nontrivial spaces X for which the lower operator norm of M is equal to 1. Second, in the case when X is the weighted Lebesgue space L ^p (w), we obtain a new approach to the results of Sawyer and Yabuta concerning the C _p condition.