纳米晶体中稀土离子的发光性质及其变化机理研究

近年来, 纳米晶体中稀土离子发光性质的研究越来越受到人们的广泛关注, 这是因为纳米稀土发光材料在发光、高清显示、光电子纳米器件、生物荧光标记、激光和闪烁体等众多领域有着重要的应用前景。本项目采用软化学合成方法如水热法、溶胶-凝胶法等, 通过合成工艺的调控, 设计并合成出一系列不同颗粒尺寸、分散均匀、形貌可控的稀土离子掺杂氧化物(氟化物)微/纳米晶体, 利用激发、发射、漫反射以及高分辨激光光谱等光谱分析手段对其发光性质进行研究, 弄清影响发光行为的本质原因。同时, 结合光谱实验数据, 利用密度泛函理论和复杂晶体化学键介电理论方法进行理论计算, 成功解释了光谱变化规律和不同稀土离子间能量传递机理, 为相关稀土光谱研究奠定了理论和实验基础。     

Eu~(2+),Cr~(3+)共掺杂SrAl_(12)O_(19)发光体的发光性质及能量传递

采用高温固相法制备了Eu2+,Cr3+单掺杂及共掺杂的SrAl12O19发光体,研究了它的发光性质和能量传递动力学过程。Eu2+的5d→4f发射峰位于400 nm,与Cr3+位于350~450 nm波长范围的4A2→4T1的吸收带有显著的光谱重叠,有利于Eu2+→Cr3+的能量传递发生,从而将来自于Eu2+离子的紫光转换为Cr3+的深红光发射。在共掺杂的样品中,当激发Eu2+时观察到Cr3+离子的2E→4A2红色线谱发射。当监测该红色线谱发射时,激发光谱中包含有Eu2+的吸收,证明了在SrAl12O19体系中Eu2+→Cr3+能量传递的存在。能量传递导致Eu2+的荧光寿命随Cr3+浓度的增加而缩短,计算表明能量传递效率随Cr3+浓度增加而提高,当Cr3+浓度为5%时能量传递效率可达到50%。     

White luminescence of a system based on poly(9,9-di(ethylhexyl)fluorene) activated by fluorescent dyes

Luminescence has been studied for poly(9,9-di(ethylhexyl)fluorene) containing laser dyes which fluoresce in the green and red spectral regions. It has been shown that white luminescence can be obtained as a result of singlet-singlet energy transfer from the polymer matrix to the dyes at certain concentrations of the latter. Two systems are proposed that make it possible to obtain equi-energy white emission and white emission, taking into account the characteristics of the spectral sensitivity of the human eye. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 74, No. 1, pp. 37–41, January–February, 2007.     

共价键相联的卟啉—酞菁激发态性质——(Ⅰ)二元分子化合物光谱特性研究

本文系统研究了二元分子TTP—O—Pc和TTP—O—(CH₂)₅—O—Pc的吸收光谱,发射光谱和激发光谱,区分了两组发光谱带的来源, 证实了由TTP到Pc的能量转移,利用激光频域技术获得了电荷弛豫时闻分别是18.5和82ps。     

Transfer matrix method for internal noise prediction of an arbitrary shell-cavity structure induced by temporal-spatial random surface excitation

Combining structural finite element method(FEM),acoustic finite element and boundary element methods,a model of elastic shell vibration of an arbitrary shell-cavity structure coupled with internal and external sound fields is built.In addition,the transfer matrices from the excitation force to vibration of the shell and internal sound field are calculated.As the fluctuating pressure of turbulent boundary layer(TBL) is a temporal-spatial random surface excitation,the overall shape function matrix is introduced,and then the relationship between power spectral density matrix of the generalized nodal force of the elastic shell and power spectral density of the temporal-spatial random surface excitation is derived.Utilizing the vibro-acoustic coupled transfer matrix,relationships between the power spectral densities of vibration of the elastic shell/internal sound field and the power spectral density matrix of the generalized nodal force are obtained.Thus,the calculation method of vibration and internal sound field of an arbitrary shell-cavity structure induced by temporal-spatial random surface excitation is established.A typical vibro-acoustic coupled model of a rectangular cavity with acoustic media internally and externally,and with elastic rectangular plate on one side,is taken as example.The vibration of the elastic shell and power spectral density of the internal sound field are calculated and compared with the analytical method.The two results generally agree with the analytical one,with deviations of about 1 dB and 2 dB,respectively.The transfer matrix method has good adaptability which is not restricted by the shell-cavity structure and the shape of the inner region.     

共价键相联的卟啉—酞菁激发态性质——(Ⅰ)二元分子化合物光谱特性研究

本文系统研究了二元分子TTP—O—Pc和TTP—O—(CH_2)_5—O—Pc的吸收光谱,发射光谱和激发光谱,区分了两组发光谱带的来源, 证实了由TTP到Pc的能量转移,利用激光频域技术获得了电荷弛豫时闻分别是18.5和82ps。     

Simulation of InGaN violet and ultraviolet multiple-quantum-well laser diodes

Optical properties of the InGaN violet and ultraviolet multiple-quantum-well laser diodes are numerically studied with a self-consistent simulation program. Specifically, the performance of the laser diodes of various active region structures, operating in a spectral range from 385 to 410 nm, are investigated and compared. The simulation results indicate that the double-quantum-well laser structure with a peak emission wavelength of 385–410 nm has the lowest threshold current. The characteristic temperature of the single-quantum-well laser structure increases as the peak emission wavelength increases. The triple-quantum-well structure has the largest characteristic temperature when the peak emission wavelength is shorter than 405 nm, while the double-quantum-well structure possesses the largest characteristic temperature when the peak emission wavelength is larger than 405 nm.     

Nd~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺磷酸盐玻璃光纤的发光与激光特性研究

以970 nm和808 nm半导体激光器作为抽运源,从光纤长度和抽运功率两个方面,探讨了Nd~(3+)/Yb~(3+)摩尔浓度比约为4:1的共掺磷酸盐玻璃光纤的发光与激光特性.在970 nm抽运下,光纤光谱以Yb~(3+)离子的发光为主,但Yb~(3+)→Nd~(3+)能量传递会对光纤光谱(激光和受激放大自发辐射)产生调制作用,调制作用随970 nm抽运功率或光纤长度的增加而显著,甚至出现显著的双波长激光现象.尽管玻璃样品中Nd~(3+)→Yb~(3+)的能量传递效率ηNd→Yb高达64%,但在808 nm抽运下,激光峰始终在1053 nm附近产生,且与808 nm抽运功率大小和光纤长度无关.为解释这一现象,推导了考虑Nd~(3+)离子受激辐射的能量传递模型.从理论模型来看,Nd~(3+)→Yb~(3+)能量传递作用随Nd~(3+)离子受激辐射信号光强度的增加而迅速减弱,这与该光纤实际测试的荧光光谱随808 nm抽运功率的变化规律相符合.因此,当采用Nd~(3+)离子来敏化Yb~(3+)离子时,需要考虑Nd~(3+)离子的受激辐射对Nd~(3+)→Yb~(3+)能量传递的抑制作用.     

近共振传能放热对氧碘化学激光器性能的影响

在氧碘化学激光器(COIL)中,O2(1Δ)与I的近共振传能反应是一个放热反应;它与水汽等的猝灭放热反应一样会对激射过程产生不利影响,而且是不可避免的。计算了猝灭放热效应对光腔气动特性输出功率的影响。得到了近共振传能放热的大小与粒子数反转和激射的光子数相关,即与光腔内的增益、光场强度分布成正比,故主要发生在激光器的上游区前半部分。模型计算表明,其影响程度大致相当于7%水汽所致的对氧碘化学激光器的影响。完善了氧碘化学激光器理论计算模型。     

传递矩阵法预报时空随机激励下任意薄壳腔体内部噪声

利用结构有限元结合声有限元及边界元方法,建立了任意薄壳腔体弹性壳板振动与内外声场的耦合模型,并计算了激励力与壳板振动和内部声场之间的传递矩阵;湍流边界层脉动压力具有时空随机面激励特性,引入整体形状函数矩阵,进一步推导弹性壳板广义节点力功率谱密度函数矩阵与随机面分布激励力功率谱密度函数的关系,再利用声振耦合传递矩阵,得到弹性壳板振动和内部声场功率谱密度函数与广义节点力功率谱密度函数矩阵的关系,形成随机分布激励下任意薄壳腔体结构振动及内部声场的计算方法。以典型的内外均有声介质且一面为弹性矩形板的矩形腔声振耦合模型为例,计算了弹性壳板振动和内部声场功率谱密度函数,并与解析方法进行了比较,两者基本吻合,偏差分别为1 dB和2 dB左右。传递矩阵法不受腔体结构及其内部区域形状的制约,具有良好的适用性。      

血液静态荧光偏振光谱研究

报道了用408 nm的LED偏振光诱导浓度为0.3%的人全血溶液在350800 nm波段的静态荧光偏振光谱,讨论了其光谱的结构特征和红移现象并给出了机理解释;检测了不同浓度全血溶液荧光偏振光谱中在490nm和610 nm附近处两个各主要荧光区的偏振度,实验结果表明,当血液浓度为1.0%时,在两个主要荧光区的偏振度分别为0.4796和0.4344,当浓度增加到8.0%时,相应的偏拓坟墓分别为0.2064和0.0538。研究了偏振度随浓度的变化规律,用能量转移理论分析了在不同荧光区、不同浓度下,血液中各荧光团之间的不同能量转换机理及偏振度的变化现象。研究结果对光诱导生物组织自体荧光诊断技术有一定的参考价值。     

Fluorescence and Laser Emission from Coumarin-Acridine Orange Mixtures

The sensitized fluorescence and laser emissions of dye mixtures; (I) coumarin 102 (donor) and acridine orange (acceptor) and (II) coumarin 47 (donor) and acridine orange (acceptor) with Hg-lamp and N₂ laser, have been measured as a function of dye concentration and of the pump power (N₂ laser). Acridine orange which does not lase by itself on excitation with N₂ laser, lases efficiently in the presence of 7-amino-coumarins via singlet-singlet energy transfer. Energy transfer rate constants and critical distances have been estimated from fluorescence intensity and lifetime measurements. The performance of energy transfer dye lasers (ETDLs) are discussed in terms of spectral characteristics of the dyes and their penetration depths.     

Random-wavelength solid-state laser

The spectral properties of a diode-pumped Yb:Y2O3 ceramic laser are reported. We show experimentally that the instantaneous emission wavelengths of the laser change randomly with time, whereas its emission has fixed well-defined transverse modes. The central wavelength of the laser emission also shifts prominently with the increase of intracavity light intensity. It is found that the spectral properties of the laser can be explained well based on the strong reabsorption of light in the gain medium.     

Half-cycle pulses in the mid-infrared from a two-color laser-induced filament

Four-wave mixing (FWM) of femtosecond near-infrared laser pulses and its second harmonic in the filamentation regime is shown to give rise to ultrashort field waveforms in the mid-infrared with pulse widths as short as a half of the field cycle and produce ultrabroadband supercontinuum spectra stretching from the mid-IR to the terahertz region. Generation of 7-fs pulses centered at 4.35 μm is demonstrated by a two-color filamentation experiment, where the 25-fs, 800-nm fundamental-wavelength output of a Ti: Sapphire laser is mixed with its second harmonic. The spectral and temporal properties of the mid-IR waveforms, as well as their emission pattern, are consistent with the FWM scenario of frequency conversion generalized to include the Kerr effect and ionization-induced refractive-index modulation.     

有机盐掺杂聚合物微腔的受激发射特性研究$lt;font color="#ff0000"$gt;（已撤稿）$lt;/font$gt;

采用新型有机吡啶盐trans-4-［p-（N-hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino）styryl］-N-methylpyridinium iodide （ASPI）与有机小分子８-羟基喹啉铝（Alq₃）组成能量传递体系,掺杂于惰性聚合物聚甲基丙烯酸脂（PMMA）薄膜中作为增益介质,利用分布布拉格反射镜（DBR）和金属Ag层作为反射镜,制备了垂直微腔结构的有机半导体固体激光器.在纳秒脉冲激光抽运下研究了该有机微腔的受激发射特性,观测到峰值位于600 nm处谱半高全宽为243 nm的单模激光出射;同时观察到明显的激光能量阈值特性,单脉冲的受激发射能量阈值为8?μJ.-----------------2009年《物理学报》第58卷第4期第2781-2784页一文,由于作者的责任,故撤销该文。 关键词： 有机盐 能量转移 微腔 受激发射     

激光感生碰撞能量转移实验

首次观察到Eu(6s6p)^P9/2至Sr(5s10s)^1So、准稳态翼为紫翼的激光感生碰撞能量转移实验现象,其荧光波长为458.42nm,峰值转移激光波长为459.75nm,并对其激发函数谱随温度和随转移激光能量改变进行实验研究,测量了激光感生碰撞能量转移谱的截面,证实了激光感生碰撞能量转移谱为非对称谱。     

基于有机染料盐掺杂薄膜体系的能量转移及光致发光特性研究

利用稳态和时间分辨瞬态光谱研究了有机盐trans-4-［p-(N-ethyl-N-(hydroxyethyl)amino)phenylstyryl］-N-(hydroxyethyl)pyridinium iodide (ASPI)掺杂聚合物PVK(聚乙烯咔唑)薄膜体系的光致发光和能量转移特性. 在ASPI：PVK掺杂薄膜体系中,PVK的荧光强度与寿命随掺杂浓度的升高而降低,表明两者存在有效的Forster能量转移. 通过在相对低浓度的掺杂体系中加入适量高量子效率的Alq3作为能量转移过渡体,形成能量转移级 关键词： 有机染料盐 荧光光谱 荧光寿命 能量转移     

数值模拟飞秒激光加热金属的热电子发射

研究了超短超强激光脉冲与薄膜靶相互作用中产生的电子热发射.当超短激光脉冲与薄膜靶相互作用时,首先入射超短脉冲激光对吸收深度内的自由电子进行热激发,接下来热激发电子将能量传递到附近的晶格,再通过电子和晶格二体系的热传导,以及电子晶格间的热耦合,将能量传递到材料的内部.因此,电子在皮秒级甚至更短的时间内不能与晶格进行能量耦合,使电子温度超出晶格温度很多,电子热发射就变得非常明显了.用双温方程联合Richardson-Dushman方程的方法对飞秒脉冲激光照射金属靶的电子热发射进行了研究,结果发现电子热发射对飞     

Wavelength selection of bidirectional laser transmission based on Monte Carlo method

The laser detection technology in uncertain and dynamic environments is of utmost importance in many fields. A model of transient radiative transfer of bidirectional path laser based on Monte Carlo method is developed to investigate the optimum wavelength of active detector at complex atmospheric conditions. The radiative parameters of atmosphere are calculated by HITRAN database and Mie theory at several typical atmospheric conditions including the standard atmosphere, urban aerosol, and radiation fog. Transmission characteristics for five spectral bands at the above atmospheric conditions are calculated by this model. The optimal transmission ability occurred in bands 0.2–0.5, 1.4–1.6, and 0.75–1.25 μm on the condition of standard atmosphere, urban aerosol, and radiation fog, respectively. All results provide effective reference and basic support for choosing the optimal spectral band for active detection.     

傅里叶变换光谱成像仪光谱传递函数研究

根据光学传递函数理论,定义了光谱成像仪的光谱传递函数. 针对基于Michelson干涉仪的时间调制傅里叶变换（FT）光谱成像仪,基于Sagnac干涉仪、Fresnel干涉仪、Lloyd干涉仪的空间调制FT光谱成像仪,推导出相应的光谱调制传递函数和光谱相位传递函数解析表达式,并分析了其物理意义. 光谱传递函数为评价相应光谱成像仪在光谱域的性能提供了一种量化的判据. 与空间域的光学传递函数相结合,成为反映光谱成像仪综合性能的客观依据. 关键词： 傅里叶变换 光谱成像仪 光谱传递函数