光学-射频双光子耦合作用下的电磁诱导透明和电磁诱导吸收

在通常的Λ型三能级系统中,光学耦合场和探测场分别激发两个不同的光学跃迁,探测吸收谱呈现电磁诱导透明(EIT)特性.若将此系统拓展为光学-射频双光子耦合场和探测场共同作用下的准Λ型四能级系统,探测吸收谱呈现电磁诱导吸收(EIA)和EIT两种特性.通过求解系统的密度矩阵方程,分析了EIA和EIT的产生条件,并给出了相应的缀饰态解释.研究结果表明,在准Λ型四能级系统中,光学耦合场对EIA和EIT的形成起决定作用,共振时出现EIA,非共振时出现EIT,而且EIA和EIT的线宽随着光学耦合场拉比频率的增大而增加. 关键词： 电磁诱导透明 电磁诱导吸收 射频场 光学耦合场     

光场驱动下退化的级联三能级原子中的量子相干效应

研究了退化的级联三能级原子在施加静磁场后的量子相干效应,系统既可出现单光子电磁诱导透明,也可出现双光子电磁诱导透明以及双光子电磁诱导吸收,这取决于两个驱动场的拉比频率和塞曼分裂的相干性。 Quantum coherence effects in degenerate cascade three-level atom subject to magnetic field are investigated. One-photon EIT, two-photon EIT and two-photon EIA are obtained, due to the coherence between the drive Rabi frequency and Zeeman splitting.     

射频驱动精细结构能级跃迁引起的非线性效应

研究了射频驱动精细结构能级跃迁引起的电磁诱导透明(EIT)和电磁诱导吸收(EIA)的转化.通过采用射频场同时驱动激发态和基态精细结构能级跃迁,使系统中出现EIT和EIA.研究结果表明,调谐射频场频率从与基态精细结构能级共振到与激发态精细结构能级共振的过程中,EIT和EIA相互转化,而且射频场的拉比频率取值不同,EIT和EIA的变化规律也不同.     

外加磁场对简并二能级原子系统相干特性的影响

在铯原子简并二能级系统中6S_1/2F=4—6P_3/2 F'=5 的循环跃迁上获得了电磁感应吸收(EIA)峰，并研究了轴向均匀磁场对二能级系统相干效应的影响，即存在轴向均匀磁场时，观测到在铯原子6S_1/2F=4—6P_3/2F'=5 跃迁频率处EIA和电磁诱导透明(EIT)的混合结构，在合适的实验条件下，其结果与Ye等(2002)的理论分析相一致. 关键词： 电磁感应吸收(EIA) 铯原子 简并二能级系统     

开放简并二能级原子系统F_g=2F_e=1跃迁中的量子相干效应

文章分析了满足Fg=2Fe=1跃迁的开放简并二能级原子系统在磁场作用下的量子相干效应。该模型中,驱动场的偏振方向平行于磁场方向且与探针光偏振方向相互垂直。由于驱动场和塞曼分裂对原子的耦合作用,在不同驱动场拉比频率作用下将会分别出现电磁诱导透明(EIT)和电磁诱导吸收(EIA)效应,同时伴随相应的正常色散和反常色散。通过控制驱动场强度可以有效控制系统的量子相干效应,同时实现光速调控。     

四能级系统中的原子相干效应

讨论了N型四能级原子系统中的原子相干效应，与三能级原子系统相比，其原子相干效应既可导致电磁感应透明(EIT，Electromagnetically Induced Transparency)的产生，也可产生电磁感应吸收(EIA，Electromagnetically Induced Absorption)现象，取决于控制光的强度和第四个能级的衰变率的大小。     

射频驱动精细结构能级跃迁引起的非线性效应

研究了射频驱动精细结构能级跃迁引起的电磁诱导透明（EIT）和电磁诱导吸收（EIA）的转化。通过采用射频场同时驱动激发态和基态精细结构能级跃迁,使系统中出现EIT和EIA。研究结果表明,调谐射频场频率从与基态精细结构能级共振到与激发态精细结构能级共振的过程中,EIT和EIA相互转化,而且射频场的拉比频率取值不同,EIT和EIA的变化规律也不同。     

闭合Λ型4能级系统中的电磁诱导透明和电磁诱导吸收

准Λ型4能级系统具有电磁诱导吸收(EIA)和电磁诱导透明(EIT)两种特性.准Λ型4能级系统包括两个基态精细结构能级和两个激发态精细结构能级,除光学耦合场和探测场外,附加了一个射频场作用于两个激发态精细结构能级之间.若对此系统进行拓展,在两个基态精细结构能级之间引入一个驱动场,则构成4场作用下的闭合Λ型4能级系统.本文对新引进的驱动场的作用规律进行了重点研究.研究结果表明,当驱动场和射频场的Rabi频率满足不同关系时,系统呈现EIA或EIT两种不同特性,探测吸收曲线的整体轮廓也随之改变.     

EIT增强色散及光速减慢的实验研究进展

EIT(Electromagnetic induced transparency)导致的光速减慢(Slow light)、光信号存储等现象使人们有可能驾驭自然界最迅速而又难以捉摸的能量形式,为量子信息的存储与提取带来了方便,因而在量子信息处理中有极大的应用潜力,对于量子信息和量子计算的发展具有重要意义. 我们在国家海外杰出青年基金(69928504),国家自然科学基金(69978013)以及山西省青年科学基金(20001016)的支持下开展了Cs原子的EIT实验及理论研究.在常温Cs原子汽室中探测到由原子相干布居导致的60%电磁感应透明凹陷以及在透明凹陷区较大的色散增强现象,通过色散曲线推测到探针光在Cs原子汽室中光速减慢了1/418倍. 实验中我们使用两台带宽小于2MHz的可调谐外腔反馈半导体激光器作为探针光和泵浦光,分别将其调谐于铯原子D2线的超精细能级跃迁(62S1/2,F=3→62S3/2,F′=4)线附近和锁定于共振跃迁(62S1/2,F=4→62S3/2,F′=4)线上,并使探针光与泵浦光同向传输经过Cs原子汽室消除多普勒效应的影响.探针光和泵浦光功率分别为4.7μW和264μW.实验结果表明,由于EIT效应,使探针光在Cs原子汽室中的传输速度得到较大的减慢.由探针光在原子汽室中的色散曲线斜率得到在共振频率处Cs原子的折射率系数变化为δn/δω=1.89×10-13Hz-1,从而得知光在原子汽室中群速度的降低值. 与此同时,我们也观察到在非共振区Cs原子吸收增强效应.这一效应导致原子出现反常色散现象,预示着光在原子汽室中速度有所增加.目前我们正在通过对探针光进行强度调制来完成光速减慢以及增快的直接测量.     

耦合场失谐对闭合Λ型四能级系统中电磁诱导透明和电磁诱导吸收的影响

电磁诱导透明(EIT)和电磁诱导吸收(EIA)是光与物质相互作用中表现出来的奇特的非线性效应,对其形成机理及非线性特性的研究具有重要的理论意义和巨大的潜在应用价值.构建一个闭合Λ型四能级系统包括两个基态精细结构能级和两个激发态精细结构能级,除耦合场和探测场外,还附加了两个射频场分别作用于激发态精细结构能级和基态精细结构...     

Coupling Between Spin and Gravitational Field and Equation of Motion of Spin

In general relativity, the equation of motion of the spin is given by the equation of parallel transport, which is a result of the space-time geometry. Any result of the space-time geometry cannot be directly applied to gauge theory of gravity. In gauge theory of gravity, based on the viewpoint of the coupling between the spin and gravitational field,an equation of motion of the spin is deduced. In the post Newtonian approximation, it is proved that this equation gives the same result as that of the equation of parallel transport. So, in the post Newtonian approximation, gauge theory of gravity gives out the same prediction on the precession of orbiting gyroscope as that of general relativity.     

Equation of Motion of a Mass Point in Gravitational Field and Classical Tests of Gauge Theory of Gravity

A systematic method is developed to study the classical motion of a mass point in gravitational gauge field.First,by using Mathematica,a spherical symmetric solution of the field equation of gravitational gauge field is obtained,which is just the traditional Schwarzschild solution.Combining the principle of gauge covariance and Newton's second law of motion,the equation of motion of a mass point in gravitational field is deduced.Based on the spherical symmetric solution of the field equation and the equation of motion of a mass point in gravitational field,we can discuss classical tests of gauge theory of gravity,including the deflection of light by the sun,the precession of the perihelia of the orbits of the inner planets and the time delay of radar echoes passing the sun.It is found that the theoretical predictions of these classical tests given by gauge theory of gravity are completely the same as those given by general relativity.     

从能量的角度讨论两体碰撞问题

从能量角度导出了两体对心碰撞的能量损失公式,重新讨论了恢复系数的物理意义．     

氮肥施用量和形态对玉米苗期叶绿素含量的影响

氮肥的施用量和形态对植物的影响很大。实验借助于一种新型光谱仪SPAD-502叶绿素仪,研究了不同氮肥水平和氮肥形态对苗期玉米叶片叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明,每公顷施用0,100和200 kgN时,SPAD值在43.3～43.7之间,差异不显著;每公顷施用400 kgN时最后一片展开叶的叶绿素含量显著高于对照和每公顷施用100和200 kgN的处理,估计可能与肥料中其他成分有关,但原因尚需进一步研究。通过不同形态氮肥试验,表明氨态氮处理的叶片叶绿素含量显著高于硝态氮处理,可能的原因是: (1)氨态氮易于吸收,施用初期效果快;(2)氨态氮中微量元素比较高。     

First approximation to the Hugoniot equation of state of the lanthanides

Summary The semi-empirical Hugoniot equation of state is obtained by using the third-order tangency between the isentropic and the Hugoniot curves at the origin of coordinates. The results of this model are in good agreement with Carter’s experimental data for fourteen elements from the lanthanides series in the lower phase only. Due to postal troubles with Lebanon, it was impossible to send proffs to the author as he requested.     

The preferences of orientations between the pairs of amino acids

In this work, we make an investigation on the preferences of orientations between amino acids using the orientation defined based on the local geometry of the amino acids concerned. It is found that there are common preferences of orientations (70°, 30°}, 140°) and (110°, 340^{\circ}, 100°) for various pairs of amino acids. Different side chains may strengthen or weaken the common preferences, which is related to the effect of packing. Some amino acids having specific local flexibility may possess some preferences of orientations besides the common ones, such as (10°, 280°, 210°). Another analysis on the pairs of the amino acids with different secondary-structure preferences shows that the directional interaction may affect the distribution of orientation more effectively than the packing or local flexibility. All these results provide us some insight of the organization of amino acids in protein, and their relation with some related interactions.     

马氏定律与哈勃定律的辨析

本文从理论,实验上论证了“马氏（红移）定律”,同时指出所谓“退行速度Vr”或“星系红移”与“星系间的距离”无必须的关系,从这个意义上来说,哈勃定律是错误的。     

Coupling Between Spin and Gravitational Field and Equation of Motion of Spin

In general relativity, the equation of motion of the spin is given by the equation of parallel transport, which is a result of the space-time geometry. Any result of the space-time geometry cannog be directly applied to gauge theory of gravity. In gauge theory of gravity, based on the viewpoint of the coupling between the spin and gravitational field, an equation of motlon of the spin is deduced. In the post Newtonian approximation, it is proved that this equation gives the same result as that of the equation of parallel transport. So, in the post Newtonian approximation, gauge theory of gravity gives out the same prediction on the precession of orbiting gyroscope as that of general relativity.     

光速在相对论中的核心地位

介绍了关于真空中光速的假定的重要作用,它不仅是相对论理论的基础,而且使人们能够定义同时性并测量空间距离.     

Fluorescence-polarization detection of the scattering of molecular beams by a surface

We investigate analytically the effect of the forces that act both in the plane of a scattering surface and normally to it on the polarized fluorescence of reflected molecules in forward scattering. We show that as the velocity of the beam of incident molecules increases, the polarization degree of the fluorescence of reflected molecules becomes substantially different from that of free and/or desorbed molecules. Therefore, the detection of the scattering of molecular beams by a surface using the polarization degree of fluorescence can serve as a rather reliable means of diagnosing surfaces and determining the modes of scattering. Institute of Molecular and Atomic Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 70, F. Skorina Ave., Minsk, 220072, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 205–212, March–April, 1999.