改进的K均值聚类红外目标检测方法

利用图像方差能很好地反映目标边缘信息的特点,提出一种基于方差的K均值聚类红外目标检测算法。利用形态学方法对红外图像进行预处理,运用相应的模板计算得到红外图像的方差图像,利用K均值聚类算法对方差图像进行聚类,从而分离出目标类别和背景类别。实验表明,该算法提取的红外图像中目标信息的兰德指数最高,说明该算法能有效地提取红外图像中目标信息,从而达到目标检测的目的。     

基于随机聚类的复杂背景建模与前景检测算法

为了构建鲁棒的背景模型和提高前景目标检测的准确性, 综合考虑同一位置的像素点在时间上的关联性和与其相邻像素的空间关联性, 基于经典的ViBe算法中的随机聚类思想提出了一种复杂背景建模和前景检测方法. 利用样本一致性原理, 采用前n帧序列图像得到初始化背景, 避免了Ghost现象的发生; 根据实际复杂背景的动态反馈获取自适应聚类阈值和自适应更新阈值进行随机聚类, 从而实现了对动态背景的适应性; 通过全局扰动阈值和局部像素级判断阈值的结合, 实现了对光照缓慢变化、快速变化以及突然变化的免疫性, 准确地分割前景目标. 对多组数据集的测试结果表明, 本文算法较大地提高了背景模型对动态背景、光照变化及相机抖动的复杂背景的适应性和鲁棒性. 算法还能很好地适用于红外图像检测运动目标的场合, 扩展了本算法的应用范围. 在没有进行任何图像预处理和形态学后处理情况下, 得到的原始前景检测精度优于其他对比算法.     

基于超像素仿射传播聚类的视网膜血管分割

提出一种基于超像素仿射传播聚类的视网膜血管分割方法。首先对预处理后的图像提取Hessian最大本征值、Gabor小波、B-COSFIRE滤波特征,构建3维眼底图像像素特征;同时对眼底图像进行超像素分块,并采用一致性准则对所分的超像素块进行筛选,得到超像素候选块;把超像素候选块当作样本点,把候选块内的像素特征的统计平均值当作特征向量,在特征空间中进行仿射传播聚类得出血管类和背景类两个聚类中心;根据血管类和背景类两个聚类中心,采用最近邻方法对眼底像素进行分类,实现对视网膜血管的分割。实验表明:在DRIVE和STARE眼底图像数据库上,本文算法的平均准确率分别为94.63%和94.30%;相较于K-means、模糊C均值(FCM)和其他聚类方法,本方法对血管的识别度高,所分割的视网膜血管有较好的连续性和完整性。     

基于LLE的红外成像彩色化处理算法研究

针对红外图像对比度低、细节较差,且一般是黑白图像,不适宜于人眼观察,提出一种利用局部线性映射方法（LLE）的红外成像彩色化方法。该方法寻求灰度空间到色彩空间的映射,实现红外图像到彩色红外图像的转变,先将目标红外图像和彩色模板图像转换至YUV颜色空间,分离亮度和色彩信息;然后将目标红外图像的每个像素及邻域像素的灰度值串接成矢量,并均匀从彩色模板图像选取部分像素按相同方法串接成矢量,采用欧氏距离搜索最近邻并计算最佳的匹配系数,经色彩值（即U和V分量）计算将模板图像的彩色传递给目标红外图像后搜索亮度最大值的像素邻域并经自动阈值伪彩色编码处理,突出显示重要目标,得到处理后的彩色红外图像。将算法应用于实验室自主开发的热像仪,算法作用后的红外图像不但有了适于人眼视觉的彩色信息,而且用红、黄等敏感色突出了重点热目标,提高了人眼发现和识别目标的速度,实验结果表明,算法有利于侦察人员长时间的目标观察和识别目标。     

基于空间信息的直觉模糊C-均值图像分割算法

针对模糊C-均值聚类算法的单一隶属度不能充分描述图像不确定性,且聚类过程中忽略像素空间关系的问题,提出一种基于空间信息的直觉模糊C-均值算法;该算法选取3×3的模板计算邻域像素灰度均值;并引入权重项,来控制灰度信息和空间信息各自所占的比重,同时用犹豫度更新直觉模糊集的隶属度函数;对常用标准图像的仿真结果表明,该算法能更好地保留图像细节信息,得到更加理想的图像分割效果。     

基于3D卷积自编解码器和低秩表示的高光谱异常检测

针对高光谱影像数据维度高、空间和光谱信息利用不足以及局部结构特征表达有限等问题,提出了一种基于3D卷积自编解码器和低秩表示的高光谱异常检测算法。首先,通过3D卷积自编解码器提取高光谱影像的空谱特征,并针对高光谱图像的局部区域强相关性,设计了一种新的损失函数来约束中心像素和周围像素,以提取判别性较强的特征图;然后,针对所提取的特征图,通过基于密度的空间聚类算法构建背景字典,并利用低秩表示分离出异常区域;最后,融合由3D卷积自编解码器得到的重构误差和异常区域检测结果,得到最终检测图并为异常目标关键信息的挖掘提供依据。为了验证所提算法的有效性,在两个真实的机场高光谱数据集上进行飞机等目标检测实验,ROC、AUC量化指标和主观分析等实验结果表明,与其它6种异常检测算法相比,本文算法具有更高的异常目标检测精度。     

基于空时域约束模糊核聚类的红外多时相地下目标探测

提出了一种具有空时域约束的模糊核聚类红外多时相浅层地下目标探测算法.首先在经典模糊聚类算法基础上引入空间和时相变化信息,给出时相信息指数;然后根据时相信息指数修正时相权重因子,将空时域约束加入到多时相模糊核聚类中对红外多时相图像进行分类;最后由分类结果给出地下目标的位置及目标大致种类数,并根据地下目标的红外成像机理获得目标的大体物理性质来提高地下目标探测的准确性.结果表明,所提算法对地下浅层目标具有较好探测准确度.     

一种新的红外成像末制导目标跟踪方法

为了稳定跟踪导弹末制导阶段的红外目标,提出了一种基于尺度不变特征变换的红外目标跟踪算法.尺度不变性特征变换所提取的图像纹理特征具有尺度和旋转不变性,跟踪算法分别提取目标模板和待跟踪图像的尺度不变特征变换特征.根据最小欧氏距离准则提取目标模板与待跟踪图像间相匹配的尺度不变特征变换特征点对,利用该特征点对拟合反映两图像间映射关系的仿射模型,并据此估计目标中心位置及调整目标模板尺寸.仿真结果表明,跟踪算法能够较好地实现在导弹末制导阶段对红外地面杂波背景下目标的稳定跟踪,其跟踪准确度和稳定度优于传统方法.
关键词:末制导跟踪|尺度不变性特征变换|特征匹配|仿射模型     

红外搜索系统中弱小目标检测算法研究

 复杂背景下低信噪比弱小目标的检测是红外搜索系统中的重点和难点,为解决红外搜索系统中杂波干扰多、目标信噪比低等问题,提出一种模板匹配滤波的目标检测方法。该算法在预测背景的同时,通过对图像背景灰度值进行动态的阈值处理,自适应地进行背景抑制。当背景包含较多复杂因素时,采用模板匹配滤波的目标检测方法,消除背景抑制后的残留杂波,实现弱小目标的提取。试验结果表明：当场景较复杂且图像信噪比较低时,使用该算法处理后可使图像信噪比达到4 dB以上,从而提高了弱小目标的检测概率。     

基于分类的红外云层背景弱小目标检测方法

提出了一种新的基于模糊分类的红外云层背景弱小目标检测方法.根据红外成像的特点,将红外云层背景弱小目标图像分为三类:边缘类、净空及云中类、弱小目标类;对不同类别图像进行分析,建立了分类模型,并定义了方向特征矢量,将其作为类别的特征矢量;根据模糊分类的理论,定义了类相似系数来判别图像中每一个像素的类别属性,保留弱小目标类的像素点完成检测.实验结果表明,该方法能够对红外弱小目标图像中不同类型的区域进行准确的分类,从而较好的实现了对低信杂比的复杂云层背景图像中的弱小目标检测.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.