模压全息图的再现过程

本文就模压全息图的再现过程进行了论述。由于模压全息图的特殊性，本文论述了模压全息图再现时的一些现象，这对于设计２Ｄ／３Ｄ模压全息图有一定的参考意义。     

New system for making stereoscopic holograms

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On the elimination of DC in reconstructed wavefronts from in-line holograms

New experimental results to demonstrate that the annoying DC in the reconstructed wavefronts from in-line holograms could be successfully eliminated are presented in this paper. The complete elimination of DC has been achieved by making proper use of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The results for an in-line hololens and an in-line Fourier transform hologram are discussed. Contribution No. 8 from Laboratories for Coherent Optics and Electrooptical Research.     

脉冲全息消像压缩技术

本文简要地叙述了脉冲全息消像压缩的原理，并给出了实验光路及注意事项。     

数字化合成全息图自动记录系统研究

从合成全息术的编码原理出发,采用了液晶空间光调制器、步进电机控制的可移动狭缝和一维移动平台等设备以及计算机数字多媒体技术、软件编程技术设计出一套数字化合成全息自动记录系统。该系统能够改善传统全息图手工制作效率低、操作不准确产生误差等缺陷,提高了合成具有视差、动感、颜色以及不同景深等特殊效果全息图的自动化水平。实际应用该系统合成了含有40幅照片信息的全息图。     

Improvement of 1D off-axis computer-generated holograms

Creation of Fresnel off-axis computer-generated holograms and improvement of images reconstructed from the holograms are described. To improve the reconstructed images, we have created the holograms with high construct diffraction patterns by using a histogram method. From reconstruction experiments of the holograms, clear images have been obtained and 3D images have been seen directly with eyes.     

Synthesis and reconstruction of computer generated holograms by a double pass technique on a twisted nematic-based liquid crystal spatial light modulator

Achieving phase only modulation from a spatial light modulator (SLM) is useful for many optical processing tasks. In this paper, we demonstrate a simple method of decoupling phase and amplitude modulation in a twisted nematic liquid crystal (TNLC) SLM using a double pass technique. A Jones calculus model is developed which matches our experimental data.     

Spatial-frequency-filtering effect of multiphase holograms

A well-designed hologram can be used as a spatial frequency filter to remove moiré fringes in a digital imaging system. However, it also degrades the resolution of the image. We have used a homemade program to design holograms with better filtering characteristics. We have designed holograms with two, four, eight, and 16 phases and compared their diffraction efficiencies and modulation transfer functions (MTFs). The four-phase hologram showed a diffraction efficiency and MTF characteristics similar to those of the binary hologram. The eight-phase hologram, however, showed much better diffraction efficiency than the previous two, and thus higher MTF values. The 16-phase hologram was still better, but the improvement was marginal. We have manufactured binary and eight-phase holograms and measured their MTFs. We have also observed directly their filtering effects by attaching them to a digital camera and taking pictures of test charts. The Moiré-fringe-removing effects of the two holograms were similar, but the eight-phase hologram showed better resolution.     

重铬酸盐明胶(DCG)全息图退化的机理分析及抗潮方法之一

ＤＣＧ全息图的环境不稳定问题阻碍了它的广泛应用。本文从ＤＣＧ全息图成像的主要材料明胶的分子结构入手，分析它的主要功能基团对全息图的成像机制和环境稳定性的影响，发现在明胶分子中大量的强极性基团氨基和羧基在ＤＣＧ成膜、光化学反应中起着重要作用。但也正是这些基团是强吸潮基团，在９０％环境湿度中，使明胶吸潮率可达到４０％。本文分析了Ｎａｉｋ用聚合物溶液涂层试图隔离潮气进入ＤＣＧ全息图的方法效果不佳的原因，采用能获得致密涂层的苯乙烯本体直接聚合成膜的方法，获得了在高湿度环境中，高衍射效率ＤＣＧ全息图长达三个月稳定的抗潮方法。     

Crosstalk image intensity reduction for color holograms by using reference beam coded with multicolored aperture array filter

The analytical form for the reconstructed field of a hologram illuminated by a reference beam coded with a multicolored aperture array filter is derived. Experiments showed that the colored aperture array filter improved the quality of the reconstructed image by reducing the intensity of crosstalk images. Some parameters of the aperture array configuration that influence image quality were investigated. This technique presented here can be applied to full-color holographic displays and dot matrix holographic printers, etc.     

粒子场全息分析中的自动判焦与自动阈值选择方法

本文提出一种新的自动判焦与自动阈值选择方法,并在由IBM/PC-XT计算和PCVISION plus图象板组成的系统上实现。通过对实际粒子场全息图的分析,表明该方法效果良好,是一种更一般的、适应性更广的方法。     

利用傅里叶变换全息图实现彩色胶片存储

本文提出一种利用傅里叶变换全息图存储彩色胶片的方法.在参考光路和透明片后置入采栅,以红、绿、蓝三种波长记录+1级谱的点全息图.当三色光分别照明各自的全息图时,可再现两个真彩色图像.     

Hologram recording in glass and direct reconstruction using visible-wavelength laser beam

We propose a method of hologram recording in a glass plate by corona charging. The holographic recording materials used in this study are conventional soda-lime glass and azobenzene polymer film. A Fourier transform hologram on an azobenzene polymer film coated on the glass plate is recorded in the glass plate by corona charging. After removing the polymer film, the hologram recorded in the plate can be reconstructed using a visible-wavelength laser beam. The first-order diffraction efficiency of the hologram at a wavelength of 532 nm is 0.03%; the efficiency depends on the depth of the surface relief structure on the azobenzene polymer film and the corona-charging time. The hologram recorded in the glass plate has high environmental resistance.     

Transformation of optical-vortex beams by holograms with embedded phase singularity

Spatial characteristics of diffracted beams produced by the “fork” holograms from incident circular Laguerre-Gaussian modes are studied theoretically. The complex amplitude distribution of a diffracted beam is described by models of the Kummer beam or of the hypergeometric-Gaussian beam. Physically, in most cases its structure is formed under the influence of the divergent spherical wave originating from the discontinuity caused by the hologram’s groove bifurcation. Presence of this wave is manifested by the ripple structure in the near-field beam pattern and by the power-law amplitude decay at the beam periphery. Conditions when the divergent wave is not excited are discussed.The diffracted beam carries a screw wavefront dislocation (optical vortex) whose order equals to algebraic sum of the incident beam azimuthal index and the topological charge of the singularity imparted by the hologram. The input beam singularity can be healed when the above sum is zero. In such cases the diffracted beam can provide better energy concentration in the central intensity peak than the Gaussian beam whose initial distribution coincides with the Gaussian envelope of the incident beam. Applications are possible for generation of optical-vortex beams with prescribed properties and for analyzing the optical-vortex beams in problems of information processing.     

Algorithm for reconstruction of digital holograms with adjustable magnification

A new algorithm that allows for reconstruction of digital holograms with adjustable magnification is proposed. The algorithm involves two reconstruction steps implemented by a conventional single Fourier-transform algorithm. The advantages of the algorithm lie in its adaptability to various object sizes and recording distances as well as in its capability to maintain the pitch of a reconstructed image, independent of the reconstruction distance and wavelength for objects larger than a CCD. The feasibility of the algorithm is demonstrated by experiments. The algorithm is especially useful for reconstructing color holograms and for metrological applications.     

High longitudinal selectivity of shifting multiplexing in volume holograms

High longitudinal selectivity of the shifting multiplexing with spherical reference wave is proposed and demonstrated. A simplified method based on wave optics is used for calculating the selectivity, and the result fits well the experimental measurement. Under the paraxial condition, a simple formula for the longitudinal selectivity is introduced. With use of an object lens with effective NA=0.817, we obtain that an FWHM of selectivity is as small as 1 μm.     

Planar surface reconstruction using circle generator laser light

A method is presented for finding the spatial position and orientation of a planar surface using a laser light source that generates structured light in the form of concentric circles. The purpose of the work is to provide the foundation for mapping regular and irregular surfaces for use in spatial surface reconstruction. The results of this work will lead to practical applications in the evaluation of pre- and post-surface deformation, and the reconstruction and representation of higher ordered surfaces. The latter having application as an alternative approach for capturing surfaces in direct geometric terms as opposed to the copious data discretization methods employed in surface reconstruction today.     

The formation of large scale reconstructed images through the use of holograms

We propose and demonstrate a method which constructs large size multicolor images using a holographic technique in limited spaces, i.e., tunnels. A traffic sign image of the same size and color as an actual traffic sign board is displayed using many comparative small holograms. Each hologram is composed of a single computer generated hologram (CGH). Though it was necessary to make many CGHs, we have shortened the hologram production time by putting a reconstructed image on long distance, and using many reconstruction sources. Moreover, though cross-talk images are caused in a color reconstruction, by adjusting the optical system it is possible to make sure that drivers see only the appropriate image. Many holograms function as one big hologram, and it has been confirmed that a large reconstructed image can be displayed in a limited space.     

Fast reconstruction of digital holograms for extended depths of field

Past research has demonstrated that a static, three-dimensional(3D) object scene can be directly recorded as a complex digital hologram. However, numerical reconstruction of the object scene, which may comprise multiple sections located at unknown distances from the hologram, is a complicated and computation-intensive process.To the best of our knowledge, we propose, for the first time, a low complexity method that is capable of reconstructing a complex hologram, such that sections at different depths in the 3D object scene can be automatically reconstructed at the correct focal distances and merged into a single image for an extended depth of field. We demonstrate an order of magnitude increase of the depth of field for binary objects. With the use of a graphical processing unit, the reconstruction of a 512 × 512 complex hologram can be accomplished in about 100 ms,equivalent to around 10 frames per second.