Beam Quality and Power Scalability of Various Multicore Fiber Lasers

Beam quality and power scalability analyses for various multicore fiber lasers （MFL） are presented. In-phase complex amplitude and corresponding far-field intensity distribution of each type of MFL is calculated using the finite-difference time-domain method. It is revealed that the hexagonal ring-type MFL has the best performance in power handling and maintaining beam quality. Further calculation indicates that power encircled in the diffraction-bucket of L-core MFL scales with no more than 0.4L, which chaJlenges the practical worthiness of fielding MFL with a large number of cores.     

A Phenomenological Study of Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectra for High-Tc Superconductors

Using a phenomenological model for the normal state of high-T_c superconductors, we have analyzed the angle-resolved photoemission spectra, and compared our results with the MFL theory and other microscopic models as well as with the experiments. In contrast to the MFL theory we predict that there exists a narrow lower energy region near the Fermi surface showing the conventional Fermi liquid behavior, which needs to be approved by fine experiments in future.     

Three-axis magnetic flux leakage in-line inspection simulation based on finite-element analysis

With the increase of pipelines, corrosion leakage accidents happen frequently. Therefore, nondestructive testing technology is important for ensuring the safe operation of the pipelines and energy mining. In this paper, the structure and principle of magnetic flux leakage (MFL) in-line inspection system is introduced first. Besides, a mathematic model of the system according to the ampere circuit rule, flux continuity theorem, and column coordinate transform is built, and the magnetic flux density in every point of space is calculated based on the theory of finite element analysis. Then we analyze and design the disposition of measurement section probes and sensors combining both three-axis MFL in-line inspection and multi-sensor fusion technology. Its advantage is that the three-axis changes of magnetic flux leakage field are measured by the multi-probes at the same time, so we can determine various defects accurately. Finally, the theory of finite element analysis is used to build a finite element simulation model, and the relationship between defects and MFL inspection signals is studied. Simulation and experiment results verify that the method not only enhances the detection ability to different types of defects but also improves the precision and reliability of the inspection system.     

Marginal fermi liquid theory in the Hubbard model

We find marginal-Fermi-liquid- (MFL) like behavior in the Hubbard model on a square lattice for a range of hole doping and on-site interaction parameter U. Thereby we use a self-consistent projection operator method. It enables us to compute the momentum and frequency dependence of the single-particle excitations with high resolution. The Fermi surface is found to be holelike in the underdoped regime and electronlike in the overdoped regime. Our calculations concern normal state properties of the system. When a comparison is possible, we find consistency with finite temperature quantum Monte Carlo results. We also find a discontinuous change with doping concentration from a MFL to a Fermi-liquid behavior resulting from a collapse of the lower Hubbard band. This renders Luttinger's theorem inapplicable in the underdoped regime.     

Current-induced spin transfer torque in ferromagnet-marginal Fermi liquid double tunnel junctions

Current-induced spin transfer torque through a marginal Fermi liquid (MFL) which is connected to two noncollinearly aligned ferromagnets via tunnel junctions is discussed in terms of the nonequilibrium Green function method. It is found that in the absence of the spin–flip scattering, the magnitude of the torque increases with the polarization and the coupling constant λ of the MFL, whose maximum increases with λ linearly, showing that the interactions between electrons tend to enhance the spin torque. When the spin–flip scattering is included, an additional spin torque is induced. It is found that the spin–flip scattering enhances the spin torque and gives rise to a nonlinear angular shift.     

High-performance SOA-based multiwavelength fiber lasers incorporating a novel double-pass waveguide-based MZI

In this paper, using a direct double-pass and a novel isolator-assisted double-pass waveguide-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), high-performance SOA-based multiwavelength fiber lasers (MFL) are proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The filtering characteristics of the proposed isolator-assisted double-pass MZI are analyzed and examined theoretically in comparison with those of the single-pass and direct double-pass MZI. Using a direct double-pass waveguide-based MZI with the single-pass free spectral range (FSR) of 43 GHz, up to 115- and 104-channel simultaneous oscillations spaced at 21.5 GHz in the L-band and C-band are obtained, respectively, with a power non-uniformity of less than 3 dB and an extinction ratio of ∼30 dB. To the best of our knowledge, it is the highest lasing-channel count that has been achieved from an SOA-based MFL. To enhance the extinction ratio while maintaining the FSR, the proposed isolator-assisted double-pass MZI is then utilized in the laser cavity, and a stable 55-wavelength simultaneous oscillation spaced at 43 GHz is accordingly achieved in C-band with an extinction ratio of higher than 50 dB. Compared with the lasing linewidth of 0.058 nm with the conventional single-pass MZI, narrower linewidths of 0.038 and 0.028 nm are obtained with the isolator-assisted and direct double-pass MZI configurations, respectively. The lasers are stable with a maximum power fluctuation per channel of less than 0.8 dB during an hour’s test.     

A review of three magnetic NDT technologies

Magnetic techniques are most important NDT technologies to characterize the mechanical features of ferromagnetic materials based on the physical principle of magnetic-stress coupling. A review is presented in this paper about the development of the magnetic NDT technologies. After a brief outline of the theoretical studies of the magnetic-stress coupling effect, the three popular magnetic NDT technologies are reviewed, which are magnetic flux leakage (MFL), magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) and recently developed metal magnetic memory (MMM). The first two are ascribed to the active magnetic method, and the last one is the passive method. Based on an extensive literature survey in this field, this paper focuses on the discussion of the physical mechanism and some important experimental results relevant to the three NDT technologies. The challenges for each technique in this field are also summarized.     

轴线起爆式螺线管型爆磁压缩发生器理论模型

 对轴线起爆式螺线管型爆磁压缩发生器进行了理论模型研究，建立了爆炸管的一维爆轰驱动模型、螺线管内空间磁场强度分布模型、爆炸管外表面磁压力模型和发生器系统的等效电路模型等，对此类发生器的物理过程进行系统描述。在此基础上，编制了相应的零维数值模拟程序CEMG 1.0，利用该程序分别对四种不同模型参数的发生器进行了理论计算和参数优化，并对其中一模型发生器爆炸管外表面的磁压力及其引起的剩余电感进行了计算，给出了剩余电感与初始输入条件及负载电感的关系，从而得到该模型的输出性能极限。对理论模型的正确性进行了实例验算证明。     

轴线起爆式螺线管型爆磁压缩发生器理论模型

对轴线起爆式螺线管型爆磁压缩发生器进行了理论模型研究,建立了爆炸管的一维爆轰驱动模型、螺线管内空间磁场强度分布模型、爆炸管外表面磁压力模型和发生器系统的等效电路模型等,对此类发生器的物理过程进行系统描述。在此基础上,编制了相应的零维数值模拟程序CEMG 1.0,利用该程序分别对四种不同模型参数的发生器进行了理论计算和参数优化,并对其中一模型发生器爆炸管外表面的磁压力及其引起的剩余电感进行了计算,给出了剩余电感与初始输入条件及负载电感的关系,从而得到该模型的输出性能极限。对理论模型的正确性进行了实例验算证明。     

近红外光谱定量分析的改进ELM算法

极限学习机理论(extreme learning machine, ELM)作为一种新的化学计量学方法,在近红外光谱定量分析中的应用研究,已引起学术界的高度重视。然而,由于光谱数据维数较高,建立ELM模型时需要大量的隐节点,导致隐含层输出矩阵维数高且存在高度共线性,用现有的Moore-Penrose广义逆算法求取隐含层输出矩阵与待测性质间的回归模型往往会存在病态问题。基于ELM建立光谱波长变量与性质之间的回归模型,提出以ELM模型隐含层输出矩阵作为新的变量,采用作者最新提出的基于变量投影重要性的改进叠加PLS算法(stacked partial least squares regression algorithm based on variable importance in the projection,VIP-SPLS),建立新变量与待测性质间的回归模型。VIP-SPLS算法充分利用了每个隐节点的输出信息,能有效解决高维共线性问题,同时具有模型集成的优点,从而改进了ELM模型的性能。将提出的改进ELM算法(improved ELM,iELM)应用于标准近红外光谱数据集,结果表明iELM模型的精度相对于现有的PLS模型和ELM模型分别显著提升了29.06%和27.47%。     

三腔整管RKA相位的理论与模拟的比较分析

首先采用运动学理论和空间电荷波理论推出了计算中间腔间隙入口处调制电流相位的经验公式。采用调制电子束激励中间腔的非线性理论估算中间腔和输出腔间隙电压的幅度和相位,并提出了估算输出腔间隙入口处调制电流相位的经验公式。采用这些理论和二维粒子模拟比较了中间腔和输出腔间隙入口处调制电流相位、中间腔和输出腔间隙电压相位。中间腔和输出间隙入口处调制电流相位误差为2.627°（模型1）和3.857°（模型2）。中间腔间隙电压幅度的相对误差是1.47%,输出腔幅度的相对误差是5.42%,中间腔相位的误差是4.017°（模型2）和5.427°（模型3）,输出腔的相位的误差是12.32°。最后根据二维粒子模拟得出了三种模型调制电流的相位与距离的关系。相关理论计算结果与2D的PIC模拟结果进行了比对,验证了理论估算结果的可信度。     

多阶平衡式Cockcroft-Walton电路的等效模型与输出特性

基于电路的输出效果,采用电荷转移原理阐述平衡式Cockcroft-Walton（C-W）倍压电路较为复杂的物理过程,将电路中二极管的非线性导通特性等效为周期性线性导通的数学解析模型,推导了表征其输出特性的纹波电压和带载输出电压的理论输出表达式。采用仿真软件对比了基本式和平衡式C-W电路的输出特性曲线,结果表明平衡式拓扑结构的纹波大小约为基本式拓扑结构的8%。同时建立的多阶平衡式C-W电路纹波电压理论模型计算值略低于电路软件仿真值,带载输出电压的理论模型计算值与仿真值的相对误差低于10%。     

多阶平衡式Cockcroft-Walton电路的等效模型与输出特性

基于电路的输出效果,采用电荷转移原理阐述平衡式Cockcroft-Walton(C-W)倍压电路较为复杂的物理过程,将电路中二极管的非线性导通特性等效为周期性线性导通的数学解析模型,推导了表征其输出特性的纹波电压和带载输出电压的理论输出表达式。采用仿真软件对比了基本式和平衡式C-W电路的输出特性曲线,结果表明平衡式拓扑结构的纹波大小约为基本式拓扑结构的8%。同时建立的多阶平衡式C-W电路纹波电压理论模型计算值略低于电路软件仿真值,带载输出电压的理论模型计算值与仿真值的相对误差低于10%。     

电光调制对外部光反馈垂直腔表面发射激光器输出矢量混沌偏振的操控

基于周期性极化铌酸锂晶体的线性电光效应耦合波理论,数值研究了电光调制对外部光反馈垂直腔表面发射激光器(VCSEL)输出矢量混沌偏振模的操控.研究结果表明,VCSEL输出的偏振度随着电光晶体的长度或施加于电光晶体的外电场强度成周期性转换,控制一定的施加外电场强度和晶体的长度,激光器的不同参数下引起初始混沌偏振态都可以转换为其他任意混沌偏振态.特别是合理选择一定的施加外电场强度或晶体长度,VCSEL输出的任意混沌偏振模可以转换为完全一致的两线性混沌偏振模(x和ŷ偏振),即两线性混沌偏振模的能量能够达到稳定和完全均衡.     

有源光纤环脉冲复制器的噪声特性研究

借助半导体光放大器(Semiconductor optical amplifier,SOA)静态模型分析了有源光纤环脉冲复制器的输出放大自发辐射(Amplified spontaneous emission,ASE)噪声功率特性与环内SOA偏置电流及环内注入直流光功率之间的关系,并对环输出噪声分布的形态进行了仿真分析。用较少的实测数据点,使用插值方法对原有噪声曲线进行了快速重构。实验研究了其重构误差分布。     

基于SOM和RBF网络的软测量方法研究

针对氢粉碎过程中钕铁硼粉碎状态不可知,为有效预测合金的反应状态,提出了一种基于自组织特征映射(SOM)神经网络和径向基函数(RBF)神经网络结合构建的网络模型。在该模型中,SOM神经网络作为聚类网络,采用无教师学习算法对输入样本进行自组织分类,并将分类中心及其对应的权值向量传递给RBF神经网络,作为径向基函数的中心;RBF神经网络作为基础网络,采用高斯函数作为径向基函数实现从输入到隐含层的非线性映射,输出层则采用有教师学习算法训练网络的权值,从而实现输入层到输出层的线性映射。并以钕铁硼氢粉碎过程合金中氢含量为检测对象,运用上述方法在MATLAB平台上建立了合金中氢含量预测模型,并完成了仿真验证。     

开关放电分散性对FLTD模块输出的影响模拟

建立了包含开关放电分散性的电路模型,模型通过电压控制开关和自击穿开关模型的结合,可对开关抖动及支路间放电的相互影响进行模拟,利用研制的300 kA单级直线型变压器驱动源(FLTD)模块进行了实验验证,模拟结果与实验相吻合。进而针对设计的20支路FLTD模块建立了电路模型,模拟分析了模块支路开关放电分散性对输出电流峰值和上升沿的影响,模拟结果表明,开关抖动小于5 ns时对模块输出影响较小。     

双耳幅值差确定声源方向的神经信息处理机理研究

神经信息系统实质上是定量系统, 应引起足够重视. 关于神经系统的定量研究方面的报道比较少见. 这一问题将会影响进一步的研究, 如双耳声音定向. 双耳定向是定量测量, 用定性分析的方法无法满足要求. 已有的生理实验发现声音输入信号强度与听觉神经的输出频率存在单调递增关系, 所以本文中声音强度的变化被简化成神经脉冲频率的变化. 本文基于圆映射和符号动力学原理, 建立了神经回路定量模型, 模型中对同侧输入回路采用兴奋性耦合, 对侧输入回路采用抑制性耦合, 并考虑神经元间突触连接的量子释放特征, 采用化学耦合模型实现连接, 用耦合系数表示神经元间的耦合程度. 采用Hodgkin-Huxley模型仿真研究听觉神经回路的输入/输出脉冲序列关系. 在已经仿真过的参数范围, 模型在输入信号变化与输出脉冲频率变化间存在单调递增/递减的关系. 对于单输入单输出的神经元, 采用符号动力学方法进行符号化; 对于多输入单输出的神经元, 采用分析各输出脉冲的产生时间, 判断其变化位置, 从神经脉冲序列中得到对应的两耳声音幅值差变化, 以此定位声源. 随着输出脉冲数的增加, 符号序列的长度增加, 符号序列对输入信号变化敏感, 能够得到较高的测量精度. 仿真结果表明这个模型是定量的, 神经脉冲序列能够区分信号的大小.     

High Power Pulsed Laser Power Supply Based on IGBT

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A proposed semiconductor laser pump-probe source

A model is presented which determines the output from a semiconductor laser as a function of the direct current (d.c.) and radio frequency (r.f.) current applied to the laser. It is shown that by adjusting these two components the output optical pulse from a laser can be shifted in time without change to the pulse shape or height. Experimental results are presented which support the model. It is suggested how these results can be used to produce a semiconductor pump-probe source, which is essential for the development of optical probing.