主导曲线法测定J阻力曲线的研究

本文利用主导曲线法测定了国产核容器用钢材料Ａ５０８－３的Ｊ阻力曲线，并将实验结果与卸载柔度法作了对比，进而说明这种新方法有其广阔的应用前景；同时，本实验引入了计算机数据实时采集及自动处理系统．这些系统的引入大大提高了实验精度和效率．     

Experimental and numerical investigation of chaotic regions in the triple physical pendulum

The experimental and numerical analysis of triple physical pendulum is performed. The experimental setup of the triple pendulum with the first body externally excited by the square function and the widely used LabView measure-programming system, which is designed especially for measure data processing and acquisition, are described. The mathematical model of the system is then introduced. The parameters of the model are estimated by minimization of the sum of squares of deviations between the signal from the simulation and the signal from the experiment. A good agreement between results from experiment and from simulation is shown in few examples, including periodic as well as chaotic solutions.     

低频振动波在砂土层中的传播衰减规律研究

压路机高铁路基在建设过程中产生低频振动的振动波,在周边砂土层的传播扰动对周边房屋造成损伤.本文采用DA&P-B01型数据采集分析系统和配套的891-2拾振器,在不同距离处布置测试点进行振动试验,得到各测试点的时程变化曲线并加以分析,运用符合率结合前人研究成果验证本次实验的正确性.结果表明:低频振动波在砂土层中的峰值频率相同,振动速度、加速度、能量同距离的递减曲线为指数函数与幂函数的共同作用,且衰减速率与距离呈递减关系.本试验得到的结论可为同一地质条件的施工以及振动影响范围预测提供理论参考,为日后深入研究奠定基础.     

Shape Monitoring of a Beam Structure from Measured Strain or Curvature

This paper presents results of numerical simulations and an experimental investigation of a method to determine shape of a beam from curvature and/or strain measurements. The purpose of this work was to develop an efficient and accurate method that can be used in real time shape monitoring of beam type structures with possible extension to more complex systems. A method based upon solving a set of continuity equations is presented. Numerical simulations were implemented to minimize the number of sensors and to determine the most beneficial sensor locations and sensor/model configuration to capture the shape in a timely and effective manner. Simulations showed that dividing the beam into segments (elements) and placing sensors at the Gauss point locations of each segment gave only 0.14% systematic error while using three elements and two Gauss points per element. An experiment was designed using an aluminum beam combined with a data acquisition system and a shape reconstruction algorithm. The real-time reconstruction of shape from curvature data was accomplished using strain gages for the curvature estimates. The results were compared to a technique based on position only data and point cloud image data. Overall, consistent results were obtained. The percent difference between the experimental and photogrammetry results fluctuated from 1.4 to 3.5% when various magnitudes of concentrated loads were applied to the beam. This methodology may be useful in real-time shape control and shape modification systems with potential applications in structural health monitoring and damage detection.     

轴对称体通气空泡的水动力试验研究

本试验的目的是研究轴对称体在通气空化下从局部空泡发展到超空泡状态过程中对水动力的影响，探讨怎样才能实现空化减阻的问题。根据试验要求及目的我们设计了一雷体模型及一整套的试验装置，并在重力直流式水洞中对模型进行一系列的试验，包括自然空化试验与通气空化试验。试验过程中采用了三分力天平、数据采集／转换卡及计算机记录水动力数据。整个试验过程解决了两个关键问题：一是怎样获得稳定的通气量，二是如何进行数据采集处理。采用1127／1128型空气速度校准器的过滤器／调压器组件改装做成一个通气装置解决第一个问题；采用12位16通道的PCL-818L型A／D转换卡，用LABVIEW语言编写的实时采样软件来处理数据。根据试验所得到的数据，进行深入的分析，得到了在通气空泡发展到超空泡状态可以大大减小阻力的结论。     

Revisiting data acquisition issues

Experimental Techniques - The data sets we have examined are real, the problems are common and the results of the experiments are diminished by subtle data acquisition errors. It should be...     

基于GPU的GPS信号并行捕获

针对计算机中央处理器上串行实现GPS捕获算法耗时长的缺点,利用具有强并行处理能力的图形处理器设计实现了两种分别适用于不同载噪比信号的并行捕获算法以提高捕获速度。所提算法基于计算机统一设备架构的设计思想,采用了并行码相位搜索捕获策略,通过对GPS星座32颗卫星多通道、多频点的并行搜索实现了强信号捕获,而对弱信号则采用非相关积分法,通过对单颗卫星多时段、多频点的并行搜索再进行通道的串行处理来实现并行捕获。仿真结果表明:两种并行捕获算法比串行实现的捕获算法速度提高了10倍;采用非相干积分提高了弱信号捕获能力,对于载噪比为40 dB的10 ms中频数据,在保证捕获速度的同时,仍能够有效实现正确捕获。     

An Integrated Approach to the Separation of Principal Surface Stresses Using Combined Thermo-Photo-Elasticity

A new instrument capable of the full-field separation of principal stresses on the surface of a component is presented. The instrument combines the techniques of thermoelastic stress analysis and reflection photoelasticity in a single optical head, permitting the simultaneous capture of both data from the same point of view. A single strain witness coating is employed for the acquisition of both the thermoelastic and photoelastic data, which is both birefringent under applied stress conditions and opaque at the infrared wavelengths to which the thermoelastic analysis system is sensitive. This enables the combined technique to be performed continuously from the same surface during loading. The performance of the new instrument is validated in the analysis of a classical laboratory specimen of known geometry. Separated stress data from the experiment is compared to simulated data, demonstrating that the accuracy of the stress separation technique is comparable to that of the individual thermoelastic and photoelastic techniques, and it is concluded that combined thermo-photo-elasticity is a powerful tool for the experimental separation of principal surface stresses.     

Soil penetration measurements supporting the design of an impact boring tool

Experimental Techniques - The hardware, transducers, and data acquisition system used for these tests performed quite well. Our experimental and simulation results show good agreement, and...     

Telemetry in industrial-equipment testing

This paper describes the use of telemetry transmitting equipment to collect data from industrial machines undergoing actual-field-condition testing. Typical data acquisition includes strains, torques, pressures and frequencies (for speed) during normal and severe field-duty cycles. The goal for data acquisition includes the recording of field data on magnetic tape to be used for computer data reduction and tape-controlled laboratory tests. The basic ideas of combining frequency-modulated data and transmitting on a radio frequency are described. Typical applications and equipment are described and illustrated.     

Direct Stress-Strain Measurements from Bulged Membranes Using Topography Image Correlation

This paper discusses an experimental method to characterize thin films as they are encountered in micro-electronic devices. The method enables the measurement of the stress and strain of pressure deflected bulged membranes without using a priori defined bulge equations. An enrichment to the Global Digital Image Correlation method is detailed to capture the membrane strain and curvature while robustly dealing with acquisition noise. The accuracy of the method is analyzed and compared to the standard bulge test method. The method is applied to a proof of principle experiment to investigate its applicability and accuracy. Additionally, it is shown for two experimental cases that the method provides accurate results, although the bulge equations do not hold.     

飞机发动机进口流场综合压力畸变指数W的实时采集处理软件实现技术

简要介绍了一个改进的飞机发动机进口流场压力畸变指数测量系统的硬件体系,重点讨论了系统的软件实现方法及其部分关键技术,其中用扩展内存技术解决了实时大容量稳态数据的长时间存储问题,使用此系统对飞机发动机进口流场综合压力畸变指数Ｗ进行了测量和处理     

基于PC的多通道自带缓存数据采集系统的设计与实现

本文描述了一自带缓存的数据采集系统，并将本系统所采用的技术与通用的数据采集系统作了比较，最后提出了本系统作进一步升级的方法     

基于爆炸切割试验的有机玻璃本构模型参数反演

为了获取爆炸切割数值模拟中有机玻璃（PMMA）的材料本构模型参数,建立了一种基于神经网络的有机玻璃Johnson Holmquist ceramics (JH-2)本构模型参数反演方法：基于从爆炸切割试验和现有研究得到的JH-2本构模型经验参数,确定本构模型参数的调整区间;使用LS-DYNA数值模拟软件对2.5 mm宽爆炸切割索切割14 mm PMMA平板过程进行数值模拟并收集平板损伤数据集;建立PMMA平板本构模型参数与损伤数据之间的神经网络模型;通过训练完成的神经网络模型对PMMA平板的JH-2本构模型参数进行反演。为验证通过反演参数的可靠性,进行了4.2 mm宽爆炸切割索切割19 mm PMMA平板试验和有限元数值模拟,计算结果中的平板损伤情况与实验结果相差较小,表明通过反演获得的JH-2本构模型参数能较好地应用于PMMA平板爆炸切割数值模拟。传统材料参数获取方法,该参数反演方法相较于可以通过较少的试验及测试,获得比较准确的材料本构模型参数。     

飞机结构振动监测用微型测试系统研制

飞行过程中各种扰动气流容易导致飞机薄壁结构发生振动疲劳破坏,严重影响飞机的安全性和出勤率。针对受扰动气流作用下飞机结构的振动安全监测对仪器提出的微型化要求,基于STM32F103芯片设计了微型振动测试系统及配套软件。测试系统样机体积小,重量约160g,由内置加速度传感器触发采集,3个应变通道的采样率可达10K/s,以高速SD卡为存储器实现数据的便携取用,不依赖飞机电源系统而用安全性高的锂聚合物电池供电。采用LabVIEW编写的数据分析处理软件包含时域分析、频域分析及时频联合分析等功能。通过悬臂梁固有频率及自由衰减振动实验对测试系统进行功能验证测试,结果表明系统可满足对结构振动信号的采集和分析。     

Measurement of the Dynamic Bulk and Shear Response of Soft Human Tissues

Traditionally, Kolsky bars are used to study the dynamic response of hard materials in uniaxial compression, tension or torsion. We present modifications to the technique that allow loading of a soft tissue specimen in (a) hydrostatic compression and (b) simple shear. The first modification is designed to determine the pressure vs. volume behavior of each material, and thence to extract a measure of the dynamic compressibility or equivalently of the bulk modulus. The second modification is designed to develop the shear stress versus shear strain behavior for a near-simple shear experiment. The critically important questions of the proper acquisition of human tissue samples and protocols for appropriate experimentation have also been addressed. The experimental techniques and the results are discussed in detail and the results compared to finite element simulations. We present examples of the dynamic response of typical tissue simulants as well as human liver and stomach tissues.     

A parameter investigation of shear-induced coalescence in semidilute PIB–PDMS polymer blends: effects of shear rate, shear stress volume fraction, and viscosity

In this work, drop coalescence of polymer blends under shear flow in a parallel flow apparatus was investigated by optical sectioning microscopy. In each experiment, shear rate was set at values low enough to avoid any break-up phenomena. The time evolution of the drop size distribution was determined by motorized sample scanning and iterative acquisition of stacks of images along sample depth. Drop size and location in the acquired images was found by automated image analysis techniques. A systematic experimental campaign to investigate the effects of shear rate (in the range 0.1–0.5 s⁻¹), volume fraction (2.5–10%), and viscosity of the two phases (3–63 Pa s) at different viscosity ratio (0.1–2.3) was carried out. By comparing data from different experiments, it was found that at any strain value, the average drop size decreases monotonically with the shear stress, calculated as the product of shear rate and matrix viscosity. Furthermore, the coalescence rate slowed down with increasing viscosity ratio. Overall, these results provide an extensive set of data, which can be used as a benchmark for modeling shear-induced coalescence in polymer blends.Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the European Society of Rheology, Grenoble, April 2005.     

结构振动计算机控制的试验研究

本文讨论了结构振动计算机控制系统的组成，建立了一套结构振动计算控制系统，用汇编语言编制了数据采集软件与控制软件，并就某受控结构的振动控制进行了试验研究。试验表明。该控制系统运行可靠，结构减振效果显著。     

基于高速图像分析的激光器光束稳定性及光斑质量评价方法研究

机载激光器的光束稳定性及光斑质量是关系到该武器系统毁伤效率的关键性因素。本文基于棱镜分光及数字图像处理技术,发展了能够在实验室实验中同时获取激光光斑位置和光强分布信息且不会对系统自身工作产生影响的方法及系统,实现了对激光光束稳定性及光斑质量的评价。该方法利用数字相机采集光斑图像,并根据像素灰度值计算光斑位置和光强分布。标定实验结果表明,该方法对光斑位置的测量误差可控制在1%以内,对光斑质量也可以实现很好的评价。     

高精度加速度计A/D转换电路的温漂补偿

从理论上分析了温度变化对高分辨率A/D转换芯片输出的影响,通过静态试验建立了加速度计输出与A/D转换电路温漂之间的关系,并依照这种关系对加速度计输出进行了补偿,补偿后加速度计输出精度得到了明显提高。