Preliminary results of a non-spherical aerosol method for the retrieval of the atmospheric aerosol optical properties

There is experimental evidence that the non-sphericity of certain atmospheric particles can cause scattering properties different from those predicted by standard Mie theory. Numerous studies indicate the need to consider the presence of non-spherical particles in modeling the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols. On the other hand, natural aerosols show a great variety of shapes, making difficult a realistic choice of a particle shape (or shape mixture) model. In this paper, we test a parameterization of the particle shape in the retrieval of size distribution, phase function, single scattering albedo and asymmetry parameter from direct and sky-radiance measurements. For this purpose we have substituted the Kernel based on the Mie theory included in the model SKYRAD.PACK by one derived for non-spherical particles. The method is applied under different atmospheric conditions, including Saharan dust outbreak, polluted and local mineral episodes. We compare the results with those obtained by the well known spheroids algorithm used in the AERONET network.     

Influence of condensation nuclei on the optical properties of atmospheric aqueous aerosol

The paper presents the results of investigations on the indicatrices and angular dependence of the degree of polarization of scattered radiation by fog in the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum. By judicious comparison of the measured results with calculated data a law was established for the influence of condensation nuclei on the optical properties of atmospheric aqueous aerosol.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 1, pp. 128–131, January, 1976.     

新型结构波导光栅耦合器的耦合特性分析和数值模拟

针对一种新型结构的波导光栅耦合器,通过求解波在直角坐标系下电场分量的亥姆霍兹方程获得了TE导模和TE辐射模的电场。运用模耦合理论分析了光束通过光栅被耦合到波导当中的情况。数值模拟了在不同的波导和光栅结构参数下耦合系数的变化情况。     

Experimental investigation and numerical simulation of the spatio-temporal dynamics of the light-pulses in nanosecond optical parametric oscillators

This paper reports on the experimental investigation and the numerical simulation of the spatio-temporal dynamics of the pulse formation in nanosecond optical parametric oscillators. The temporal evolution of the spatial intensity distribution is measured with a fast two-dimensional CCD-camera. The measurements are performed for a signal-resonant nanosecond pulsed optical-parametric-oscillator (OPO) which consists of a 12 mm long, critically phase-matched beta-barium-borate (BBO)-crystal in a 40 mm long cavity of two plane mirrors. The OPO was pumped by the third harmonic of a flashlamp-pumped Nd:YAG-Laser at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. At pump energies close to the OPO threshold the emitted OPO-radiation has an almost gaussian intensity distribution throughout the entire pulse. The beam quality factor M² remains below 2.2. At high pump energies the OPO oscillation also starts with an almost gaussian beam-profile. During the build-up and parametric amplification of the pulse the fields experience, however, a spatially inhomogeneous gain, caused by walk-off in the birefringent crystal, pump-depletion, and back-conversion. The spatial intensity distribution thus becomes asymmetric and the M² value increases. The measurements are compared with the results of detailed numerical calculations. The model takes the amplification of the OPO-radiation in the nonlinear crystal, and the properties of the OPO cavity as well as the diffraction of the beams during propagation into account. The spatio-temporal dynamics of the pulse formation predicted by the numerical model are in good agreement with the experimental results. PACS 42.65.Sf; 42.65.Yj     

一维大气边界层光学折射率结构常数数值模式的实验检验

提出了一种大气光学折射率结构常数的数值模式。一次输入日期、时间、经纬度、温度、湿度、风速、粗糙度、土壤参数，云量等相关参数，可得到24h内的温度、湿度、风场、折射率结构常数等量。通过与实测对比表明，无论是月平均折射率结构常数还是某天的折射率结构常数，模式计算与实测数据都符合得很好。模式计算的向下总辐射量与实测数据基本一致。     

一维大气边界层光学折射率结构常数数值模式的敏感性分析

 提出了一种大气光学折射率结构常数的数值模式。通过敏感性分析发现，对折射率结构常数有显著影响的参数是：一年中的不同日期、土壤的热容量和含水量、雪地和水面上、云量等，风速大小几乎对折射率结构常数没有什么影响。     

FDTD simulation of the optical properties for a gold nanoparticle-over-nanosheet hybrid structure

The optical properties of a two-dimensional gold nanoparticle-over-nanosheet (2D-AuNP/NS) have been studied using Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. 2D-AuNP/NS hybrid structure exhibits three typical localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonances, which occur in nanogaps between NP-NP, NP-NS and coupled upper and lower surface of NS respectively. Thus, the influence of AuNP-size, surface AuNP-coverage, NP-NP-spacing and NS-thickness on the localized electric field was analyzed in details. The LSP resonance between NP-NS has been predicted to be the most important effect on SERS, which is dominant, stable and can maintain the SERS intensity even at a relatively low NP-coverage. If a slight deviation of AuNPs away from their original periodic positions was permitted, a disordered model was then constructed which would more closely approximate the real AuNP/NS hybrid structure and was able to calculate the influence of disorder on LSP resonance. A blue shift (rather than red shift) of the resonance peak was observed and its peak intensity would increase first and decrease then with the increase of NP-NP-spacing. FDTD simulations have finally illustrated that NP-coverage should be controlled ranging from 80.0 % to 87.0% or just equal to 100%, if both AuNP-size and NP-thickness is controlled to 10 nm. The FDTD simulation results are qualitative agreement with the existing experimental data and are very useful in the future materials designs for AuNS-based nanocomposite.     

一维大气边界层光学折射率结构常数数值模式的实验检验

 提出了一种大气光学折射率结构常数的数值模式。一次输入日期、时间、经纬度、温度、湿度、风速、粗糙度、土壤参数，云量等相关参数，可得到24h内的温度、湿度、风场、折射率结构常数等量。通过与实测对比表明，无论是月平均折射率结构常数还是某天的折射率结构常数，模式计算与实测数据都符合得很好。模式计算的向下总辐射通量与实测数据基本一致。     

Effect of humidity on the optical constants of an atmospheric aerosol

The results of calculations of the complex refractive index of an atmospheric aerosol are analyzed. The calculations were made taking into account the complex composition of the aerosol particles for different values of the humidity of the surrounding medium. The spectral characteristics of a proposed synthetic model of the aerosol are investigated.     

被动多轴差分吸收光谱大气气溶胶光学厚度监测方法研究

介绍了基于太阳散射光的被动多轴差分吸收光谱（MAX-DOAS）技术在大气气溶胶光学厚度（aerosol optical density,AOD）监测中的应用. MAX-DOAS根据氧的二聚物（O₄）在紫外、可见波段的特征吸收来确定气溶胶参数,实验中利用测量得到的O₄在360 nm处斜柱浓度,并结合O₄垂直柱浓度基本稳定等信息,在选取合适的气溶胶单次散射反照率、非对称因子及其廓线形状等条件下,基于大气辐射传输模型采用迭代算法解析出大气气溶胶光学厚度. 经过与太阳光度计(CE318)测量结果的对比,两者相关性达到87%. 关键词： 多轴差分吸收光谱 大气气溶胶 光学厚度     

被动多轴差分吸收光谱大气气溶胶光学厚度监测方法研究

介绍了基于太阳散射光的被动多轴差分吸收光谱（MAX-DOAS）技术在大气气溶胶光学厚度（aerosol optical density,AOD）监测中的应用. MAX-DOAS根据氧的二聚物（O₄）在紫外、可见波段的特征吸收来确定气溶胶参数,实验中利用测量得到的O₄在360 nm处斜柱浓度,并结合O₄垂直柱浓度基本稳定等信息,在选取合适的气溶胶单次散射反照率、非对称因子及其廓线形状等条件下,基于大气辐射传输模型采用迭代算法解析出大气气溶胶光学厚度. 经过与太阳光度计(CE318)测量结果的对比,两者相关性达到87%.     

激光等离子体产生X射线数值模拟的两个问题

对激光等离子体产生X射线的数值模拟中的光路方程组,提出了采用Runge-Kutta求解的思路。对计算X射线发射中需要求解的束缚电子占据概率方程组,讨论了采用显式求解的可能性。得到的计算结果初步表明,我们提出的方法是可行的。     

复合气溶胶粒子光学特性的数值计算

大气气溶胶是地—气系统中的重要组成部分．气溶胶的光学参量是评估大气环境、研究气溶胶辐射气候效应的重要影响因子,也是研究大气激光传输特性的重要参量．根据物质的电结构,将复合气溶胶粒子离散为一系列偶极子,结合离散偶极子近似方法,在获得每一个偶极子的电偶极矩之后,数值计算了球形、椭球形以及层状复合气溶胶粒子的消光截面、吸收截面和不对称因子等光学参量随波长变化的数值结果,并对比分析了椭球形状单一和复合气溶胶粒子光学参量的值．结果显示,入射光波长、气溶胶粒子的形状以及气溶胶粒子的成分都将影响气溶胶粒子的光学特性．研究结果可为大气光学、气溶胶气候辐射强迫效应、大气激光传输等与气溶胶粒子相关领域提供一种有效的研究方法和基础．     

复合气溶胶粒子光学特性的数值计算

大气气溶胶是地—气系统中的重要组成部分.气溶胶的光学参量是评估大气环境、研究气溶胶辐射气候效应的重要影响因子,也是研究大气激光传输特性的重要参量.根据物质的电结构,将复合气溶胶粒子离散为一系列偶极子,结合离散偶极子近似方法,在获得每一个偶极子的电偶极矩之后,数值计算了球形、椭球形以及层状复合气溶胶粒子的消光截面、吸收截面和不对称因子等光学参量随波长变化的数值结果,并对比分析了椭球形状单一和复合气溶胶粒子光学参量的值.结果显示,入射光波长、气溶胶粒子的形状以及气溶胶粒子的成分都将影响气溶胶粒子的光学特性.研究结果可为大气光学、气溶胶气候辐射强迫效应、大气激光传输等与气溶胶粒子相关领域提供一种有效的研究方法和基础.     

Quantum properties of optical images in coupled nondegenerate parametric processes

Quantum properties of parametric amplification and frequency conversion of an optical image in coupled parametric interactions are analyzed for the case of a remote object. The coupled-wave interaction consists of a traditional process of parametric amplification in the high-frequency pump field accompanied by the frequency mixing of generated and pump waves. The photon number density and signal-to-noise ratio at the interacting frequencies are studied in the image plane at the output of the nonlinear frequency converter in the fixed pump field approximation. The degree of entanglement of optical images at frequencies above and below the pump frequency is investigated.     

Order parameter description of walk-off effect on pattern selection in degenerate optical parametric oscillators

Degenerate optical parametric oscillators can exhibit both uniformly translating fronts and nonuniformly translating envelope fronts under the walk-off effect. The nonlinear dynamics near threshold is shown to be described by a real convective Swift-Hohenberg equation, which provides the main characteristics of the walk-off effect on pattern selection. The predictions of the selected wave vector and the absolute instability threshold are in very good quantitative agreement with numerical solutions found from the equations describing the optical parametric oscillator.