关节软骨的红外光谱成像及支持向量机定量研究

傅里叶变换红外光谱成像(FTIRSI)技术可同时获得样本组织的显微结构信息和红外光谱信息,结合化学计量学算法可用于样品光谱信息的定量分析和组织判别的研究。基于此,本实验采用FTIRSI技术结合支持向量机分类(SVC),实现健康和病变关节软骨组织的判别,其识别率分别为100.0%和95.4%,准确率达到97.7%;基于FTIRSI建立支持向量回归(SVR)模型定量研究关节软骨样本中胶原蛋白和蛋白多糖两种生物大分子的含量与分布,发现病变关节软骨中蛋白多糖的含量发生流失,尤其在表层区。研究结果表明,FTIRSI与支持向量机(SVM)相结合有望成为一种新型的骨关节炎诊断工具,对骨关节炎监测和诊断研究具有重要意义。     

顶空固相微萃取-全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱法分析闽南乌龙茶中的挥发性成分及其在分类中的应用

采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)结合全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOF MS)分析了闽南乌龙茶中的挥发性成分。从48份不同等级和产季的乌龙茶(铁观音、黄金桂、本山、毛蟹和梅占)中获得了2000余种挥发性化合物,经筛选得到51种共有组分,并结合质谱数据库、保留指数与结构谱图等进行了初步鉴定。在此基础上采用主成分分析法(PCA)获得得分投影图,直观给出了不同样品的分类趋势。通过逐步判别获得9种对分类结果有显著影响的组分,并以此为变量通过Fisher判别法(FDA)建立了4个判别函数,对样品的分类准确率达到97.9%。本试验证实了以挥发性成分识别闽南乌龙茶的可行性。     

偏最小二乘法在红外光谱识别茶叶中的应用

采用漫反射傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)法结合主成分分析(PCA)、偏最小二乘法(PLS)、簇类的独立软模式(SIMCA)识别法对十三种茶叶进行了分类判别研究。研究结果表明,通过多元散射校正(MSC)对原始光谱进行预处理,可以提高模式识别技术的分类判别效果。在此基础上,选取1 900~900 cm-1波长范围内的茶叶红外光谱建立识别模型,三种方法都得到了满意的分类判别效果。在对检验集中全部130个样本的判别中,PCA仅有两类样本无法判别,SIMCA的识别率和拒绝率都在90%以上,而PLS的识别效果最佳,全部样本都得到了正确的归类。这一研究结果表明傅立叶变换红外光谱法与化学计量学方法相结合可以实现茶叶品种的快速鉴别,这为茶叶的客观评审提供了一种新思路。     

基于Bayes判别的手帕纸红外光谱鉴别

手帕纸是犯罪现场常见的物证之一,在法庭科学领域备受关注.为了实现对市场上手帕纸的快速分类鉴别的目的,本文采用了具有无损检验特点的傅里叶红外光谱,结合主成分分析(PCA)与Bayes判别对8种品牌96个手帕纸样本建立分类模型.结果表明,分别利用PCA和Bayes判别对样本进行分类的准确率并不理想,采用Bayes判别对PC...     

基于主成分和支持向量机浓度参量同步荧光光谱油种鉴别

基于浓度参量同步荧光光谱技术,对不同溢油类型不同油源原油样品集、引入外扰相似油源样品集进行光谱数据采集,获取其浓度同步荧光光谱矩阵Concentration-Synchronous-Matrix-Fluorescence(CSMF),利用主成分分析方法对两套不同层次的原油相关样品集进行了多类分类识别。结果表明:主成分载荷图可以很好地反映各个原油相关样品在油源上的相似程度,结合支持向量机可以实现不同溢油类型及不同油源原油的准确分类,对于引入风化和海水外扰相似油源溢油样品集,两类分类区分的结果远远高于多类分类识别的结果。通过详细的主成分分析讨论,为溢油油种鉴别提供了一种利用多类分类识别,逐步缩减嫌疑样本数量,最后通过两两分类实现溢油样品准确识别的新思路。     

高光谱结合多元统计分析鉴别一次性纸杯样品

为了快速、准确地对现场一次性纸杯物证进行鉴别,提出了一种基于高光谱技术结合PCA、K-Means聚类、Fisher判别分析的识别分类方法。利用高光谱仪对收集的40个不同来源、不同用途的一次性纸杯进行检验,采用主成分分析法对光谱数据进行预处理,从中提取出了11个主成分。借助K-Means算法将40个样品聚为5组,各组分间区分明显。利用Fisher判别分析构建了3组判别函数,经检验函数模型可排除污染客体干扰,分组准确率达100%。     

基于光谱融合-特征提取的海洛因及其添加剂无损分类研究

在近年来的多数治安案件中,有不少是由形形色色的毒品所引起的。为了提高检验的效率,降低检验成本,实现对海洛因样本主成分及添加剂的无损分类,提出了一种基于光谱融合,主成分分析和判别分析的鉴别方法。采集并获取了不同质量分数和添加剂共计45个海洛因样本的红外光谱,选择一阶求导、多元散射校正、Savitzky-Golay平滑和峰面积归一化开展预处理工作,并利用主成分分析进行特征变量提取和采用Fisher判别分析构建判别分类模型。实验对单独的原始光谱数据,一阶导数光谱数据和融合后的光谱数据进行比较。无论是对海洛因主成分的质量分数进行分类,还是对海洛因的添加剂分类,单一的分类模型都仅能实现66.7%～88.9%的准确区分。结果表明,基于融合的光谱数据构建的判别模型分类准确率更高,对主成分质量分数和海洛因添加剂的分类,均能达到100.0%。利用红外光谱数据融合技术结合主成分分析和判别分析达到了降低检验成本且无损的目的,能够最大程度的限制毒品的流动,对今后的毒品检测和维护社会治安稳定具有一定的贡献。     

红外光谱结合贝叶斯判别对洗发用品的分类研究

建立一种基于红外光谱的快速无损地检验洗发用品的分析方法。利用傅里叶红外光谱对60个常见的洗发用品样品进行检验,分别采用Savitzky-Golay(S-G)平滑、快速傅里叶变换(FFT)、降噪等方法对光谱数据进行预处理,并结合主成分分析法对光谱数据进行降维处理。同时建立多层感知器神经网络和贝叶斯判别分析两种分类模型,对光谱数据进行分析验证。多层感知器神经网络对原始数据、经过S-G平滑、FFT、降噪后的分类准确率分别为86.67%、88.33%、80%、90%,贝叶斯判别的分类准确率为83.33%、85%、83.33%、95%。结果显示,降噪处理效果较佳,贝叶斯判别具有更高的准确率。该方法重现性好、样品用量少、无损样品,可为洗发用品类物证鉴定提供科学依据。     

基于高光谱技术的玉石鉴定及模型研究

为了给玉石鉴定提供依据以及得到优化预测模型,分别对天然玉石和假玉石的可见光高光谱图像进行分析。针对高光谱图像数据的非线性、小样本以及空间光谱维数大等问题,本研究首先对原始光谱数据进行主成分分析(PCA),使高维光谱数据降维,通过对比分析其平均光谱图和方差贡献率图,发现天然玉石与假玉石的谱线之间存在很大的差距,证明了高光谱成像技术在玉石鉴定领域的可行性。然后分别采用费希尔(Fisher)判别法、反向传输(BP)神经网络以及支持向量机(SVM)判别法建立的三种数学模型对玉石进行分类模式判别,结果显示,用Fisher判别法能直接得到预测的类别归属,用BP神经网络以及SVM判别法得到的类别鉴定准确率分别为96.37%,82.5%。研究结果表明,高光谱技术结合BP人工神经网络预测建模方法可以作为快速和非破坏性预测玉石真假的有效手段。     

基于质子转移反应-飞行时间质谱快速鉴别不同产地闽北水仙茶

采用质子转移反应-飞行时间质谱仪(PTR-TOF-MS), 构建了3个产地(武夷山、建阳、建瓯)113个闽北水仙茶样品香气的化学指纹图谱, 对所得的闽北水仙茶香气指纹图谱进行主成分分析(PCA), 获得了不同产地闽北水仙茶样品的质谱信息特征, 然后采用软独立建模分类法(SIMCA)、K最邻近结点算法(KNN)、偏最小二乘判别分析法(PLS-DA)对闽北水仙茶的质谱信息进行了模式识别.结果表明, PTR-TOF-MS结合分类识别模式能有效区分不同产地的闽北水仙茶.PCA 提取了3个主成分, 累计贡献率为84.66%;3个识别模型的校正集判别正确率分别为89.38%、100.00%和100.00%, 预测集的判别正确率分别为83.18%、 96.46%和95.57%.基于此成功建立了不同产地的闽北水仙茶识别模型.本方法无需样品预处理、分析速度快、灵敏度高、对茶叶无损伤, 为茶叶产地溯源提供了新方法.     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Synthesis of Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Glycofuranosides and Their Biochemical and Biological Activities in Cell-Free and Cellular Assays

Tyrosol (T) and hydroxytyrosol (HOT) and their glycosides are promising candidates for applications in functional food products or in complementary therapy. A series of phenylethanoid glycofuranosides (PEGFs) were synthesized to compare some of their biochemical and biological activities with T and HOT. The optimization of glycosylation promoted by environmentally benign basic zinc carbonate was performed to prepare HOT α-L-arabino-, β-D-apio-, and β-D-ribofuranosides. T and HOT β-D-fructofuranosides, prepared by enzymatic transfructosylation of T and HOT, were also included in the comparative study. The antioxidant capacity and DNA-protective potential of T, HOT, and PEGFs on plasmid DNA were determined using cell-free assays. The DNA-damaging potential of the studied compounds for human hepatoma HepG2 cells and their DNA-protective potential on HepG2 cells against hydrogen peroxide were evaluated using the comet assay. Experiments revealed a spectrum of different activities of the studied compounds. HOT and HOT β-D-fructofuranoside appear to be the best-performing scavengers and protectants of plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells. T and T β-D-fructofuranoside display almost zero or low scavenging/antioxidant activity and protective effects on plasmid DNA or HepG2 cells. The results imply that especially HOT β-D-fructofuranoside and β-D-apiofuranoside could be considered as prospective molecules for the subsequent design of supplements with potential in food and health protection.     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.