分子印迹光子晶体凝胶传感器检测食品中的防腐剂

将响应性光子晶体与分子印迹技术相结合,建立了一种反蛋白石结构的分子印迹光子晶体凝胶传感器,并成功用于水果罐头中痕量防腐剂尼泊金乙酯的筛查。该传感器对尼泊金乙酯具有良好的识别能力,抗干扰能力强,对待测物的识别过程可通过光纤光谱仪转化成可读的光学信号,其布拉格衍射峰位移值与尼泊金乙酯浓度呈线性相关,定量下限为83 mg/L,且可重复使用。该检测平台具有便携式特征,无需对样品进行前处理,可准确、灵敏、快捷地检测复杂样品中的目标分析物,适于现场快速筛查和检测。     

基于光子晶体带边效应的表面增强拉曼基底

将光子晶体的带边效应与金纳米粒子的拉曼散射增强作用相结合,制备了一种新型光子晶体表面增强拉曼散射基底(PC-AuNPs),利用罗丹明B(RhB)作为报告分子,对所得基底性能进行检测.PC-AuNPs基底的制备包括3个步骤:在SiO2微球表面修饰氨基,再通过垂直沉降自组装得到蛋白石结构光子晶体(PC), 最后, 在光子晶体表面负载金纳米粒子(AuNPs).结果表明,光子晶体的带隙范围及AuNPs的负载量直接影响了PC-AuNPs基底的检测效果;以所得的PC-AuNPs基底测定RhB分子,其拉曼散射特征峰强度与浓度对数值呈现良好的线性关系,线性方程为I=1711lg[RhB(mol/L)]+15244,线性相关系数R2=0.9994,检出限为1×10-8 mol/L,表明此PC-AuNPs基底可用于目标物的定性及定量检测.本方法提高了传统拉曼散射光谱检测灵敏度,操作简单,具有良好的重现性,可为其它新型检测基底的制备提供.     

三聚氰胺分子印迹光子晶体水凝胶膜传感器的制备及应用

该文将光子晶体与分子印迹技术结合，制备了分子印迹光子晶体水凝胶膜（MIPHs）作为光学传感器，用于样品中三聚氰胺的快速识别检测。以三聚氰胺为模板分子，通过垂直沉降自组装、填充聚合、去除模板3个步骤，制备得到了反蛋白石结构的三聚氰胺MIPHs。扫描电子显微镜的形貌表征表明，MIPHs具有高度有序的三维大孔结构。该MIPHs作为光学传感器可以将三聚氰胺的分子特异识别过程转换成光学信号，在对目标分析物分析时具有选择性高、响应快、灵敏度高的优点。此外，可以根据MIPHs的颜色变化利用图像软件分析或裸眼识别的方式实现目标分析物快速识别。实验结果表明，在最优条件下，三聚氰胺浓度为10^-11~10^-6mol/L时，MIPHs的布拉格衍射峰位移从563 nm红移到608 nm，而对三聚氰胺的结构类似物没有明显响应。     

2,4,6-三氯酚分子印迹光子晶体水凝胶传感器的研究

以SiO2三维光子晶体为模板,2,4,6-三氯酚为印迹分子,甲醇为溶剂,甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸甲酯为交联剂,通过紫外光引发聚合,在2%氢氟酸溶液中去除光子晶体模板,0.015 mol/L NaOH溶液中洗脱印迹分子,制得2,4,6-三氯酚检测用分子印迹光子晶体水凝胶传感器。结果表明,传感器对2,4,6-三氯酚具有良好的响应与识别能力,在2,4,6-三氯酚浓度由0增加到6×10-4 mol/L过程中,吸收峰红移31 nm;浓度继续增加,吸收峰开始发生蓝移;当浓度增加到1×10-3 mol/L时,吸收峰蓝移56 nm,响应时间仅需要30 min。2,4,6-三氯酚分子印迹光子晶体水凝胶传感器具有高灵敏、高选择、易操作等优点,可实现对2,4,6-三氯酚的裸眼检测。     

水相分子印迹光子晶体水凝胶传感器检测尿液中的痕量吗啡

结合水相分子印迹和光子晶体技术构建了吗啡分子印迹光子晶体水凝胶传感器,并成功用于生物样品中痕量吗啡的筛查.以吗啡为印迹模板,甲基丙烯酸为单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸甲酯为交联剂,填充至二氧化硅光子晶体模板孔隙中进行共价型分子印迹聚合,在1％ HF溶液中除去光子晶体模板,并洗脱印迹模板分子,即可得到具有目标分子传感功能的分子印迹光子晶体水凝胶传感器.此传感器在水相环境中对吗啡分子的识别能力良好,可以在不需要标记的情况下,将目标分子的识别转变为衍射峰的位移,该光学信号通过传感器颜色的变化表现出来,吗啡浓度由10 pg/mL增加到1μg/mL过程中,衍射峰最大偏移达到38 nm,并且抗干扰能力强,检出限为0.1 μg/L,响应时间为40 s,可以重复使用.此检测平台不需要对样品进行处理,便可准确、灵敏、快速地检测复杂样品中的目标分析物.     

苯胺分子印迹光子晶体水凝胶传感器的研究

基于分子印迹与光子晶体技术,制备了一种高灵敏、特异性好的苯胺水凝胶光学传感器。以Stober法制作的SiO_2微球作为三维光子晶体模板,苯胺为印迹分子,甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸甲酯为交联剂,2,2-偶氮二异丁腈为光引发剂,在紫外光下引发聚合,并在三氯甲烷(加入适量乙醇)中洗脱印迹分子,最终得到具有对苯胺分子有传感功能的分子印迹光子晶体水凝胶传感器。实验结果表明,该传感器对苯胺分子具有良好的识别能力,当苯胺的浓度从0增加到1×10~(-4)mol/L时,通过光谱仪检测出的吸收峰偏移了42 nm。此外,该传感器在苯胺的结构类似物甲基苯胺的缓冲液的响应位移明显较小,表明该传感器具有良好的选择性。     

分子印迹光子晶体阵列传感器的构建及其对双酚A和双氰胺的检测

将分子印迹技术与光子晶体材料结合,构建了基于反蛋白石结构分子印迹光子晶体聚合物(MIPPs)的阵列传感器,用于微量双酚A(BPA)和双氰胺(DCD)的特异识别检测。对分子印迹聚合体系、模板分子洗脱条件进行了优化,当单体与模板分子摩尔比分别为1∶2和1∶4时,制备的BPA和DCD MIPPs的吸附效果最好,衍射峰位移最大。通过吸附动力学和吸附等温线实验考察了构建的传感器阵列的吸附性能。结果表明,构建的MIPPs传感器对BPA和DCD的响应时间分别为2.5和4.0 min,衍射峰位移量与BPA和DCD在其浓度分别为0.1～5.0μg/L和0.1～10.0μg/L范围时具有良好的线性关系,最大衍射峰位移量分别为39和31 nm,检出限分别为0.051和0.038μg/L;而非印迹光子晶体膜的衍射峰位移不明显,表明制备的MIPPs阵列具有选择特异性。实际样品测定结果表明,此MIPPs阵列传感器对实际样品中的目标物有明显的光学信号响应,可以快速、灵敏、选择性地检测环境水样中的目标分析物。     

二氧化钛反蛋白石薄膜的制备及其在化学传感器中的应用

用提拉成膜法将单分散295 nm聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)胶体微球自组装成蛋白石光子晶体膜. 在PMMA蛋白石光子晶体膜的空隙里填充15 nm二氧化钛纳米颗粒, 经500 ℃的处理除去PMMA膜板, 制备出大面积, 结构均一的二氧化钛反蛋白石光子晶体膜. 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察和X射线光电能谱(XPS)分析表明, 这种二氧化钛反蛋白石光子晶体薄膜是六方紧密堆积. 用这种二氧化钛反蛋白石光子晶体膜对溶液折射率的检测实验表明该传感膜分辨率可达0.01.     

乙基膦酸分子印迹光子晶体传感器的研究

本研究结合光子晶体与分子印迹技术,制备了一种新颖有机磷毒剂光学传感器——三维分子印迹光子晶体(3D-MIPCs)凝胶膜.采用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯胶体小球为光子晶体自组装阵列模板,以甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺为混合单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯和N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为混合交联剂,正辛醇和乙腈混合溶液为溶剂,光聚得到印迹聚合物.该材料对乙基膦酸响应速度快、选择性高,其对目标分子的识别作用会导致衍射光谱图的改变.随着在EPA浓度从0.5 mmol/L增加到1.5 mmol/L的过程中,反射峰强度逐渐降低,降幅达到10％,并伴随明显红移.该材料为乙基膦酸检测提供了新的思路,在神经毒剂检测及监控等领域有应用前景.     

分子印迹纳米胶体阵列检测爆炸物的研究

以三硝基甲苯(TNT)为模板,丙烯酰胺为功能单体,采用乳液聚合法制备具有单分散性的TNT分子印迹胶体小球.通过垂直沉降法自组装,并用胶带将得到的具有蛋白石结构的分子印迹胶体阵列(MICA)固化.研究其在不同比例的甲醇/水溶液中的光学响应,并在最优检测环境下进行特异性吸附实验.实验表明,当甲醇/水的体积比为7∶3,TNT浓度为20 mmol/L时,反射峰红移近24 nm,为非印迹胶体阵列红移量的1.4倍,为TNT结构类似物的23倍.MICA在实现对光子晶体传感器制备简化的同时,提供了对TNT进行快速裸眼检测的可能性.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。