水中9种微囊藻毒素的质谱分析

通过对离子源、毛细管电压等质谱条件的研究,建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析水中9中微囊藻毒素的方法,并对特征母离子及子离子进行了解析。水样经过过滤,以高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源正离子多反应模式进行检测。在0~50μg/L范围内9种微囊藻毒素具有良好的线性关系和回收率,相对标准偏差小于10%。方法的检出限(以3倍信噪比计)能够满足WHO及我国地表水体中关于微囊藻毒素控制标准的要求。     

在线富集固相萃取-液质法测定水源中微囊藻毒素-LR和甲萘威

建立了在线富集固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定水中微囊藻毒素-LR和甲萘威的方法。经滤膜过滤后的水样在线固相萃取系统富集后,以甲酸-甲醇系统作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,进入超高效液相色谱串联质谱仪进行检测。两种物质的检出限为0.4 ng/L、0.7 ng/L,回收率和相对标准偏差分别是80.5%～98.9%和0.7%～7.2%。使用该方法可大大简化前处理过程,提高灵敏度及准确性,因此可用于大批量地表水中微囊藻毒素-LR和甲萘威的分析。     

在线固相萃取-液相色谱质谱联用法检测水中21种有机污染物

建立了水中21种有机污染物的在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-质谱联用分析方法,包括微囊藻毒素-LR,微囊藻毒素-RR以及19种农药。方法均只需对样品进行简单过滤即可上机测定,进样量为5 m L。水样首先通过在线SPE柱净化(HLB柱),再经过BEH C18柱分离目标化合物,采用多反应监测模式测定。方法的线性相关系数R2>0.99,地表水和自来水样品的加标回收率为70.1%~118.2%,RSD在1.0%~19%之间,定量限(LOQ,S/N=10)范围1~100 ng/L,满足测定饮用水残留限量要求。     

盘式固相萃取–超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法快速测定环境水样中3种微囊藻毒素

建立盘式固相萃取–超高效液相色谱–串联质谱(UPLC–MS–MS)快速测定环境水样中3种微囊藻毒素(MCs)的方法。环境水样经过盘式固相萃取柱净化,采用Waters BEH C_(18)色谱小柱,以乙腈–0.2%甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱分离后,UPLC–MS–MS多级监测正离子模式下外标法进行定性定量分析。3种微囊藻毒素在0.05~10.0μg/L范围内呈现良好线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999 4,方法检出限为0.02 ng/L。对同一环境样品进行0.1,1.0,5.0μg/L 3种浓度的加标回收试验,平均回收率为82.8%~108.8%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.1%~10.1%(n=6)。该方法快速、灵敏、准确,可有效应用于环境水样中微囊藻毒素的监测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱内标法同时测定地表水中7种微囊藻毒素

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)内标法同时测定地表水中7种微囊藻毒素。样品经0.22μm滤膜过滤后直接进样分析,采用亮氨酸脑啡肽作为内标物,7种目标物在相应浓度范围内线性相关系数在0.997以上,方法检出限为0.143~0.468μg/L;在3个添加浓度水平下的回收率为88.1%~104.0%,相对标准偏差为2.15%~7.63%。7种微囊藻毒素在4min内即可完成含量的测定。该方法快速、简便、重复性好,满足日常对微囊藻毒素检测的要求,适合藻毒素污染的应急突发事件的快速定性定量测定。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法同时测定地表水中9种微囊藻毒素

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联三重四极杆质谱(SPE-UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)联用技术分析水中9种微囊藻毒素的方法。样品经SPE提取和净化后,以Waters ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C18色谱柱为分离柱,以含0.1%甲酸乙腈和含0.1%甲酸水作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源电离、正离子多反应监测模式质谱进行定性和定量分析。9种微囊藻毒素在0.1～50 μg/L或0.5～100 μg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9990～0.9998,方法的检出限(以3倍信噪比计)为0.1～0.5 ng/L;高、中、低3个添加水平的回收率为75.8%～109%,相对标准偏差为0.49%～10.0%。结果表明,该方法灵敏、准确,检测范围广,分析速度快。应用该方法检测了杭州市两处水库水样中的微囊藻毒素,分别检出了3种和8种微囊藻毒素。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析蓝藻中微囊藻毒素的总量

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱对蓝藻中微囊藻毒素总量的测定方法。样品采用乙酸及甲醇溶液进行抽提后离心,上清液经浓缩用固相萃取柱进行富集、纯化,洗脱液经0.025 mol/L KMnO4和饱和NaIO4溶液在pH 9条件下氧化1h。以BEH C18色谱柱进行梯度洗脱分离,采用离子监测质荷比(m/z 131.10)定量分析。微囊藻毒素总量的回收率在82.0%～98.6%之间。微囊藻毒素总量的检出限为0.80μg/L。该方法适用于测定蓝藻中的微囊藻毒素总量分析。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速测定水产品中微囊藻毒素和节球藻毒素

通过超声提取、固相萃取纯化、超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)联用技术快速测定水产品中的微囊藻毒素-RR、-YR、-LR和节球藻毒素.分别采用选择离子监测质荷比(m/z)为519.84、1045.66、995.67、825.54分子离子峰进行定量分析.该法检出限为5.0～10.0μg/kg,在浓度0.02～5mg/kg的范围内,峰面积与样品浓度呈良好线性关系;4种藻毒素的回收率为76.2％～93.7％,相对标准偏差为2.0％～7.1％.采用上述方法对45个太湖水产品样品进行测定,发现有少量水产品中存在藻毒素污染,其中微囊藻毒素-RR最高含量为15.2μg/kg,微囊藻毒素-LR最高含量为0.84μg/kg,MC-YR、节球藻毒素均未检出.此方法可作为监测水产品体内蓄积藻毒素的分析方法.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定地表水中9种藻毒素北大核心CSCD

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定地表水中9种藻毒素的含量。地表水样经滤网过滤,离心后,所得上清液以Waters Acquity BEH130色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的0.1%(体积分数,下同)甲酸溶液和含0.1%甲酸的乙腈的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,串联质谱分析中采用电喷雾正离子源和多反应监测模式。9种藻毒素的质量浓度在一定范围内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限为0.084～0.175μg·L^(-1)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为79.4%～113%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)为5.1%～14%。     

超快速高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法测定水中微囊藻毒素的研究

建立了一种利用超快速高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱仪测定水中5种微囊藻毒素的方法。样品经滤膜过滤后,利用超快速高效液相色谱UFLC-20A XR进行分离,三重四级杆串联质谱LCMS-8040外标法进行定量分析。5种微囊藻毒素RR、YR、LR、LY、LF在0.1~50μg·L-1浓度范围内线性良好,定性检出限在0.0092μg·L-1~0.0743μg·L-1之间,定量限在0.0279μg·L-1~0.2253μg·L-1之间,加标回收率分别在85.4%~108.0%之间。该方法简便、快捷,适用于水中微囊藻毒素的测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.