Chiral fluctuations in MnSi above the Curie temperature

Polarized neutrons are used to determine the antisymmetric part of the magnetic susceptibility in noncentrosymmetric MnSi. The paramagnetic fluctuations are found to be incommensurate with the chemical lattice and to have a chiral character. We argue that antisymmetric interactions must be taken into account to properly describe the critical dynamics in MnSi above T(C). The possibility of directly measuring the polarization dependent part of the dynamical susceptibility in a large class of compounds by polarized inelastic neutron scattering is outlined as it can yield evidence for antisymmetric interactions such as spin-orbit coupling in metals as well as in insulators.     

熔化前后Pb样品表面微喷射现象研究

利用设计的大量程Asay-F窗技术,从实验上准确诊断了不同加载状态下金属Pb样品表面微喷物质量和密度-速度分布信息,重点阐释了熔化前后金属样品表面微喷特性的异同,并从理论分析的角度解释了该现象产生的物理原因,为研究熔化对金属样品表面微喷射的影响机制奠定了重要基础.     

Microscopic approach to shear viscosities of unitary Fermi gases above and below the superfluid transition

Recent experiments on the shear viscosity η in a unitary Fermi gas fail to see the theoretically predicted upturn in η at the lower T. In this Letter, we compute η in a fashion which is demonstrably consistent with conservation laws and, in the process, provide an understanding of recent experiments. We show that this disagreement with prior theories cannot be readily attributed to the trap, since (via edge effects) trap-averaged viscosities will be larger than their homogeneous counterparts. The small values of η we find can be simply understood; they reflect the fact that the Goldstone bosons (phonons) do not couple to transverse probes such as η, and fermionic excitations, which determine the viscosity, are necessarily absent in the ground state.     

The temperature dependence of the hyperfine parameters of YIG below the Curie point

The temperature dependence of the hyperfine parameters of the ⁵⁷Fe nuclei in yttrium iron garnet Y₃Fe₅O₁₂ (YIG) between room temperature and the Curie point was studied by means of conventional Mößbauer transmission spectroscopy. The critical exponent β, which describes the temperature dependence of the magnetic hyperfine field of ⁵⁷Fe in YIG, was found to be 0.29(1) and 0.33(1) in the [a]- and (d)-sublattice, respectively. In the temperature region just below the Curie point relaxation of the internal hyperfine fields could be observed. The phase transition at the Curie point shows a distinct dependence on the grain size in the sample.     

Fermi surface and band mapping of the cerium/palladium surface alloy

X-ray and UV excitation angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of ultra-thin films of cerium deposited on Pd(1 1 1) single-crystal surface has been carried out. Photoelectron diffraction pattern showed that deposition of 1 ML of Ce led to a formation of Ce-Pd substitutional alloy. Valence band spectra measured with high angular resolution permitted to plot valence band maps and Fermi surface scans and showed formation of surface alloy exhibiting d- and f-electron orbital hybridization. A shift of Pd 4d-derived states to higher binding energy in the Ce-Pd systems was observed.     

Dependence of Curie temperature on surface strain in InMnAs epitaxial structures

Pairs of self-assembled InMnAs quantum dot structures and reference epitaxial layers (0 < x < 0.13) were prepared on GaAs substrates by low-pressure metal organic vapour phase epitaxy. Magnetic moment measurements indicated that reference epitaxial layer had a Curie temperature of 343 K independent on the composition. On the other hand, the quantum dots prepared under Stranski-Krastanov growth mode from the identical gas phase composition showed a lower value of Curie temperature. This value varied from 41 to 235 K in relation to the material composition. Moiré fringes at transmission electron microscopy plan view were used for characterization of strain in InMnAs quantum dot structures.     

Quantum nuclear effects on the location of hydrogen above and below the palladium (100) surface

We report ab initio path integral molecular dynamics simulations of hydrogen and deuterium adsorbed on and absorbed in the Pd(100) surface at 100 K. Significant quantum nuclear effects are found by comparing with conventional ab initio molecular dynamics simulations with classical nuclei. For on-surface adsorption, hydrogen resides higher above the surface when quantum nuclear effects are included, an effect which brings the computed height into better agreement with experimental measurements. For sub-surface absorption, the classical and quantum simulations differ in an even more significant manner: the classically stable subsurface tetrahedral position is unstable when quantum nuclear effects are accounted for. This study provides insight that aids in the interpretation of experimental results and, more generally, underscores that despite the computational cost ab initio path integral molecular dynamics simulations of surface and subsurface adsorption are now feasible.     

Observation of a new magnetic anomaly below the ferromagnetic Curie temperature in Yb14MnSb11

Yb14MnSb11 is an unusual ferromagnet with a Curie temperature of 52 +/- 1 K. Recent optical, Hall, magnetic, and thermodynamic measurements indicate that Yb14MnSb11 may be a rare example of an underscreened Kondo lattice. We report the first experimental observation of a new magnetic anomaly in this system at around 47 K, a few degrees below T(c). Systematic investigations of the ac and dc susceptibilities of Yb14MnSb11 single crystals reveal features associated with possible spin reorientation at this temperature. This new anomaly is extremely sensitive to the applied measurement field and is absent in temperature-dependent dc magnetization data for fields above 50 Oe. The origin of this could be due to decoupling of two distinct magnetic sublattices associated with MnSb4 tetrahedra.     

Chemical and structural disorder effects on the Curie temperature

The disorder effects on the Curie temperature of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric systems are studied by factorizing the spin–spin (or dipole–dipole) interaction into a chemical (on-site) and a structural (off-site) part. Assuming the statistical independence of the two contributions, the Curie temperature T_c is calculated in the limit of small disorder and in the mean-field approximation. The chemical disorder always enhances T_c . In the absence of spin waves (Ising-like systems), the structural disorder enhances T_c in turn. The only negative contribution to T_c is found in Heisenberg-like systems, and is ascribed to the interplay between structural disorder and spin waves. A comparison is made with other mean-field theories that adopt a different representation of the disorder. The application of the results obtained to real systems is considered, with special reference to recent experimental data on ferroelectric perovskites. An approximate expression, consistent with the mean-field approach, is suggested to estimate the relative weight of the chemical and structural disorder effects, even when an exact factorization is impossible, as is the case of the exchange interactions.     

Observation of magnetic cluster phase above Curie temperature in Fe2CrAl Heusler alloy

We present a detailed magnetic critical behavior study of Fe₂CrAl Heusler alloy, for the first time, with rigorous analysis of high precision magnetization data obtained over the critical temperature region. Our studies confirm that B2 type site-disordered in Fe₂CrAl alloy exhibits long-range ferromagnetic order below a well defined Curie temperature (T=208 K). Though the nature of this transition is found to be of second order, the estimated critical exponents β=0.42, γ=1.356 and δ=4.25, are in between the theoretically predicted values for three-dimensional Heisenberg and mean-field interaction models. However, it is noteworthy that the scaling relations are obeyed indicating renormalization of interactions around the Curie temperature (T_C), where magnetization data collapse into two separate branches, above and below T_C. This conclusively shows that calculated critical exponents as well as critical temperature are unambiguous and intrinsic to the system. However, magnetization vs temperature data shows another magnetic transition (at T=313 K) above the Curie temperature. It is shown that the short range magnetic correlation exist even beyond T_C with cluster moment ∼10² μ_B. This is attributed to a site disorder which results in formation of Cr clusters with short range ferromagnetic order.     

Nuclear spin relaxation of161Dy in Gd above the Curie temperature observed with the Mössbauer effect

Using a source of¹⁸¹Tb, we have observed a substantial linewidth anomaly in the¹⁶¹Dy Mössbauer Effect just above the Curie temperature of Gd. Preliminary analysis of the anomaly is consistent with behavior expected for critical spin dynamics. Uncertainty in the Curie temperature prevents conclusive analysis of the linewidth divergence in terms of the dynamical exponent, z.Supported in part by N.S.F. grant DMR 80-02443 to Clark University.     

Dipolar interaction and critical dynamics of uniaxial ferromagnets above the Curie point

Dependence of the critical fluctuation energy on the dipolar interaction, anisotropy and temperature is determined.     

Models of bands and Fermi surfaces for electron-doped cuprates

The properties of Fermi surfaces and electron bands in electron-doped cuprates have been studied. The possible origins of a hole pocket in the nodal direction and a pseudogap at hot spots are discussed, including stripe phases and double bands in an antiferromagnetically correlated Fermi liquid. Within the framework of the mean field method, it is shown that both t-t′-t″-U Hubbard model solutions with a homogeneous antifer-romagnetic spin structure and those with a diagonal stripe structure can reproduce the fragmentar character of the Fermi surface. The appearance of hole pockets in various structures is related either to states in the lower Hubbard band or to states localized on domain walls. The behavior of a gap at the leading edge of the energy distribution of photoelectrons and its dependence on oxygen removal in the course of annealing are considered.     

Fermi surface effect on intrinsic Lorenz number of Fermi liquids

We investigate a Fermi surface effect on the ideal Lorenz ratio of an anisotropic Fermi liquid caused by the onset of Umklapp scatterings. After discussing simple models by way of illustration, we present numerical results for transition metals, and indicate a material with a simple Fermi surface like sodium cobaltite as a possible candidate to observe the effect.     

Magnetic states of the surface and bulk of ferrites near a phase transition at the Curie temperature

Investigations of the magnetic state of a surface layer ~200 nm thick and of the bulk in macroscopic ferrite crystals of the type Ba-M (BaFe₁₂O₁₉) are performed in the phase transition region around the Curie temperature (T _c). The method of simultaneous gamma, x-ray, and electron Mössbauer spectroscopy, which made it possible to compare directly the phase states of the surface and bulk of the sample, is used for the measurements. It is observed experimentally that in BaFe₁₂O₁₉ the transition of a surface layer ~200 nm thick to the paramagnetic state occurs at temperatures below T _c. It is established that the transition temperature T _c(L) of a thin layer localized at depth L from the surface of the crystal increases with distance from the surface and reaches the value T _c at the lower boundary of the “critical” surface layer. Therefore, near T _c a nonuniform state in which the crystal is magnetically ordered in the bulk but disordered at the surface is observed. A phase diagram of the states of the surface and of the bulk of macroscopic magnets near the Curie (or Néel) point is proposed on the basis of all the experimental results obtained in the present work as well as previously published results.