Temperature Dependence of the Order Parameter of the Polar Phase of Liquid 3He in a Nematic Aerogel

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - It is proved that in the polar phase of superfluid 3He stabilized by a nematic aerogel the temperature dependence of the gap in the spectrum of...     

Copolymer with Pinning: Variational Characterization of the Phase Diagram

This paper studies a polymer chain in the vicinity of a linear interface separating two immiscible solvents. The polymer consists of random monomer types, while the interface carries random charges. Both the monomer types and the charges are given by i.i.d. sequences of random variables. The configurations of the polymer are directed paths that can make i.i.d. excursions of finite length above and below the interface. The Hamiltonian has two parts: a monomer-solvent interaction (“copolymer”) and a monomer-interface interaction (“pinning”). The quenched and the annealed version of the model each undergo a transition from a localized phase (where the polymer stays close to the interface) to a delocalized phase (where the polymer wanders away from the interface). We exploit the approach developed in Bolthausen et al. (arXiv:1110.1315v1); Cheliotis and den Hollander (arXiv:1005.3661v1) to derive variational formulas for the quenched and the annealed free energy per monomer. These variational formulas are analyzed to obtain detailed information on the critical curves separating the two phases and on the typical behavior of the polymer in each of the two phases. Our main results settle a number of open questions.     

Order Parameter in Electron System: Its Fluctuations and Oscillations

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - The concept of the order parameter is extremely useful in physics. Here, I discuss extensions of this concept to cases when the order parameter is...     

Pressure-Induced Metallization and Electrical Phase Diagram for Polycrystalline CaB_6 under High Pressure and Low Temperature

The electrical properties of polycrystalline CaB_6 are revealed by in-situ resistance measurements under high pressure and low temperature.Due to the existence of grain boundaries,polycrystalline CaBe behaves with semiconducting transport properties,which is different from the semimetallic CaBe single crystals.The temperaturedependent resistance measurement results show that before the structural phase transition at 12.3 GPa the high pressure first induces the metallization at 6.5 GPa for CaBe.Moreover,the phase diagram for CaB_6 is drawn based on the investigated electric conducting properties and at ieast three different conducting phases are found even at moderate high pressure and low temperature,indicating that the electric nature of CaBe is very sensitive to the environment.     

Finite Temperature Phase Diagram in the Half-Filled Extended Hubbard Model1

The CDW-SDW transition in the half-filled extended Hubbard model is investigated with the broken-symmetry Hartree theory formulated in terms of the Bogoliubov variational approach. The finite temperature phase-diagram in the weak coupling regime is derived analytically with a model density of states. The results show that there exist charge-order and antiferromagnetic order, but no mixed phase exists at any temperatures.     

Nonequilibrium Fluctuations of Light Scattering Intensity in the Neighborhood of the Phase Transition Temperature

Optics and Spectroscopy - Light scattering in a 3% aqueous solution of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (metolose) is studied under nonequilibrium conditions within a temperature range of...     

Temperature and Pressure Dependence of Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Polystyrene and Polycarbonate

The thermal conductivity of polymers in the solid and molten phases, as functions of temperature and pressure, is an essential parameter to permit simulation of polymer processing by computer-aided engineering (CAE). A key factor for the thermal conductivity when used in CAE is the Bridgman parameter (g) as a function of temperature. This is experimentally examined for polystyrene (PS) and polycarbonate (PC) in this paper. It was demonstrated that the thermal conductivity results under pressure were well described by the Eiermann's equation. First, the product of the Bridgman parameter (g) and the compressibility (β) as a function of temperature was calculated by fitting the experimental values with the Eiermann's equation. Second, the compressibility (β) as a function of temperature was estimated from the slope, in a plot of specific volume as a function of pressure. Finally, the Bridgman parameter (g) as a function of temperature was obtained from the two previous figures. The Bridgman parameters from the experiments are discussed by comparing them with those from Eiermann's theoretical model.     

Enhancement of Nematic Order and Global Phase Diagram of a Lattice Model for Coupled Nematic Systems

We use an infinite-range Maier–Saupe model, with two sets of local quadrupolar variables and restricted orientations, to investigate the global phase diagram of a coupled system of two nematic subsystems. The free energy and the equations of state are exactly calculated by standard techniques of statistical mechanics. The nematic–isotropic transition temperature of system A increases with both the interaction energy among mesogens of system B, and the two-subsystem coupling J. This enhancement of the nematic phase is manifested in a global phase diagram in terms of the interaction parameters and the temperature T. We make some comments on the connections of these results with experimental findings for a system of diluted ferroelectric nanoparticles embedded in a nematic liquid-crystalline environment.     

烷烃相变过程的拉曼光谱研究

利用激光拉曼光谱监测正二十烷相变过程中的有序无序变化。发现位于1 300 cm-1处谱峰的积分强度在相变温度区间发生较大变化,这与以前相关的理论及实验工作存在较大区别,由此讨论了1 300 cm-1谱峰在有机物及生物膜结构的拉曼光谱实验中作为参考峰的局限性。此外,由于序参量可以定量的标定有机物及生物膜结构中各种有序无序结构的含量,所以成为现在拉曼光谱研究中的一个热点问题。Meier对于有机物拉曼光谱研究中长时间以来一直使用的序参量定义提出了质疑,文章的相关实验支持了Meier的看法,并从实验证据上表明了惯用序参量定义的有限性。     

Critical Analyses of Order Parameter and Phase Transitions at High Density in Gross－Neveu Model

By critical analyses of the order parameter of symmetry breaking, we have researched the phase transitions at high density in D = 2 and D = 3 Gross-Neveu (GN) model and shown that the gap equation obeyed by the dynamical fermion mass has the same effectivenesss as the effective potentials for such analyses of all the second order and some specJal first order phase transitions. In the meantime we also further ironed out a theoretical divergence and proven that in D = 3 GN model a first order phase transition does occur in the case of zero temperature and finite chemical potential.     

Critical Analyses of Order Parameter and Phase Transitions at High Density in Gross-Neveu Model

By critical analyses of the order parameter of symmetry breaking, we have researched the phase transitionsat high density in D = 2 and D = 3 Gross-Neveu (GN) model and shown that the gap equation obeyed by the dynamicalfermion mass has the same effectivenesss as the effective potentials for such analyses of all the second order and somespecial first order phase transitions. In the meantime we also further ironed out a theoretical divergence and proventhat in D = 3 GN model a first order phase transition does occur in the case of zero temperature and finite chemicalpotential.     

近共振三维光学晶格中铯原子温度的参数依赖

介绍了四光束三维近共振光学晶格的方案,在铯原子磁光阱和光学粘团的基础上搭建了近共振光学晶格的光路,实现了光学晶格中冷原子的装载.利用短程飞行时间吸收法测量了近共振光学晶格中冷原子的温度,通过改变晶格的光强和失谐等条件,对近共振光学晶格中铯原子的亚多普勒冷却的参数依赖关系作了实验研究,并与光学粘团作了比较.     

Pressure and Temperature Induced Phase Transition of ZnS from First-Principles Calculations

The pressure induced phase transition of ZnS from the wurtzite （WZ） and the zincblende （ZB） structures to the rocksalt （RS） structure and the temperature induced phase transition from the ZB structure to the WZ structure are investigated by ab initio plane-wave pseudopotential density-functional theory （DFT）, together with the quasiharmonic Debye model. It is found that the zero-temperature transition pressures from the WZ-ZnS and the ZB-ZnS to the RS-ZnS are 17.20 and 17.37 GPa, respectively. The zero-pressure transition temperature from the ZB-ZnS to the WZ-ZnS is 1199 K. All these results are consistent with the available experimental data. Moreover, the dependences of the normalized primitive cell volume V/V0 on pressure and thermal expansion coefficient α on temperature are also obtained successfully.     

Microcanonical Phase Diagram of the BEG and Ising Models

The density of states of long-range Blume-Emery-Griffiths(BEG) and short-range Ising models are obtained by using Wang-Landau sampling with adaptive windows in energy and magnetization space.With accurate density of states,we are able to calculate the microcanonical specific heat of fixed magnetization introduced by Kastner et al.in the regions of positive and negative temperature.The microcanonical phase diagram of the Ising model shows a continuous phase transition at a negative temperature in energy and magnetization plane.However the phase diagram of the long-range model constructed by peaks of the microcanonical specific heat looks obviously different from the Ising chart.     

Microcanonical Phase Diagram of the BEG and Ising Models

The density of states of long-range Blume-Emery-Griffiths (BEG) and short-range Ising models are obtained by using Wang-Landau sampling with adaptive windows in energy and magnetization space. With accurate density of states, we are able to calculate the microcanonical specific heat of fixed magnetization introduced by Kastner et al. in the regions of positive and negative temperature. The microcanonical phase diagram of the Ising model shows a continuous phase transition at a negative temperature in energy and magnetization plane. However the phase diagram of the long-range model constructed by peaks of the microcanonical specific heat looks obviously different from the Ising chart.     

Drift of Phase Fluctuations in the ABC Model

In a recent work, Bodineau and Derrida analyzed the phase fluctuations in the ABC model. In particular, they computed the asymptotic variance and, on the basis of numerical simulations, they conjectured the presence of a drift, which they guessed to be an antisymmetric function of the three densities. By assuming the validity of the fluctuating hydrodynamic approximation, we prove the presence of such a drift, providing an analytical expression for it. This expression is then shown to be an antisymmetric function of the three densities. The antisymmetry of the drift can also be inferred from a symmetry property of the underlying microscopic dynamics.     

Anomalous Molecular Phase of Nitrogen: Implications to the Phase Diagram

Despite their simplicity, diatomic molecules of first row elements can exhibit very complex phase diagrams. Determination of the phase diagrams can be further complicated by the existence of hysteretic molecular phases that can be observed over large regions of coexistence. Here we present evidence for a previously unreported molecular phase of nitrogen existing at room temperature at least over the range of 33-74 GPa. Our measurements show that sample history may have a significant impact on the thermodynamic states accessed by the molecular nitrogen solid and, by extension, also on the established phase diagram.