Boundary Vorticity Flux and Engineering Flow Management

To improve the performance of complex viscous engineering flows, the focus should be on local dynamics (local processes and structures) measured by the space-time derivatives of the primary-variable fields, rather than these fields themselves. In the context of optimal flow management such as optimal configuration design and flow control, the local fluid dynamics on solid wall is of most direct relevance. For large Reynolds-number flows, we show that the on-wall local dynamics is highlighted by the balance between tangential pressure gradient and vorticity creation rate at the wall (boundary vorticity flux, BVF), namely the on-wall coupling of the compressing and shearing processes. This basic concept is demonstrated by previously unpublished and newly obtained numerical examples for external and internal flows, including the role of BVF as a faithful marker of the local appearance of boundary-layer separation and wall curvature discontinuity, and the use of BVF-based formulas to optimize the integrated performance of airfoil and compressor rotor blade.     

高超声速可压缩流中粗糙壁热流研究

用计算流体力学（CFD）数值模拟和理论方法对高超声速可压缩湍流中粗糙壁面热增量进行研究. 着重考虑粗糙单元密度和粗糙单元形状对粗糙表面热流的影响. 结果表明： ①粗糙单元密度变化时, CFD数值方法计算所得的粗糙单元等效热流随着粗糙单元密度的降低而增加, 理论方法预测结果的规律随方法不同而不同;②在相同粗糙单元密度和高度时,如果粗糙单元形状改变,CFD计算结果也随之发生改变. 理论预测方法所得结果不发生变化.     

基于多谱线吸收光谱技术的脉冲爆轰发动机管外流场测试研究

根据时-空守恒元算法得到的脉冲爆轰发动机管外流场分布结果,针对燃气流场分布进行了重建模型假设,给出了一种基于多谱线吸收光谱技术的爆轰发动机管外流场燃气参数测试方法,并对重建模型偏差及计算方法误差进行了仿真研究。针对80 mm口径无阀式气液两相连续脉冲爆轰发动机设计搭建了爆轰燃气管外流场测试系统,通过10 kHz高频扫描四条H₂O吸收谱线采用直接吸收法结合时分复用技术同时对爆轰燃气流场进行扫描测试,实现了脉冲爆轰发动机管外流场的在线监测,并通过多点同时测试首次对管外流场燃气温度分布进行了重建,验证了测试方法的可行性。本研究为拓展激光吸收光谱技术应用于爆轰领域全方面诊断提供了实验支撑,对推进爆轰机理研究、爆轰噪声影响因素及噪声控制研究具有重要意义。     

Fluorescence Quantum Yield Determination of Propylparaben Using Flow Injection Spectroscopy

The determination of the fluorescence quantum yield of Propylparaben is introduced and applied to L-tyrosine as a standard by a new approach that can be applied to the pharmaceutical compound utilised in this study. The quantum yield is a critical figure of quality for the optical nature of a fluorophore. Numerous investigations have considered the glitter in both pharmaceutical and nature compounds for its medical and industrial significance. A straightforward method is detailed here to decide the quantum yield of Propylparaben in solution as an element of the fluorescence concentration. For this reason, L-Tyrosine is chosen as a fluorescence standard perspective to gauge the Propylparaben fluorescence quantum yield. The impacts of pH, solvents and flow rate on the assessment of quantum yield and quantum efficiency, for the reference and the solutions of Propylparaben, have been investigated. The results indicated that these parameters significantly influence the accuracy of the method. Diverse methods are concentrated on to represent distinctive quantum yield advancements with the quantum efficiency. The impact of these parameters was likewise considered. In this study, the application of the single method may be taken into consideration to compute quantum yield of Propylparaben, which was 0.36, and this is an exceptionally basic and general technique to solve the imperative issue of luminescence quantum yield assurance of other fluorescence compounds.     

MHD Flow Towards a Permeable Surface with Prescribed Wall Heat Flux

The steady magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） mixed convection flow towards a vertical permeable surface with prescribed heat flux is investigated. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations, which is then solved numerically by a finite-difference method. The features of the flow and heat transfer characteristics for different values of the governing parameters are analysed and discussed. Both assisting and opposing flows are considered. It is found that dual solutions exist for the assisting flow, besides the solutions usually reported in the literature for the opposing flow.     

MHD Flow Layer Formation in Vicinities of Rational Flux Surfaces of Tokamak Plasmas

Advanced operation modes with external and internal transport barriers （ETBs and ITBs） are desirable for magnetic fusion ignition in toroidal devices. Therefore, ITB formation mechanism is an important topic of magnetic fusion plasma physics and has attracted much attention in recent years. The ITBs are often found to form in vicinities of low safety factor q rational flux surfaces and to coincide with MHD activities in experimentsI1＇2]. On the other hand, the crucial role of sheared flows in formation of ETBs and ITBs has been demonstrated in recent decades.     

基于扩散相关光谱的血流检测方法研究

组织血流信息在临床诊断和治疗中具有重要的作用,无创血流检测是医患双方的期望。研究采用了近红外扩散相关光谱方法对生物组织血流进行无创检测,理论分析了散射光斑强度的变化和被测组织中血细胞运动状态的函数关系,建立了检测组织血流的理论模型及检测系统。该系统通过求解组织表面散射光斑电场强度的时间自相关函数来推断组织中血细胞的运动状态,进行组织血流的定量分析。采用健康人体前臂袖带加压实验模型对该系统进行了验证,实验结果验证了该系统进行组织无创血流检测的可行性,同时也表明该系统可以提供从浅层到深层的组织血流变化信息。     

Synthesis and Spectroscopy of Novel Branched Fluorescent Dyes Containing Benzophenone Parts and the Possibility as Fluorescence Probes

This paper describes a new fluorescent family of branched dyes containing benzophenone unit including 4-N, N-diphenylamino-4??-phenacyl-stilbene (C1), 4,4??-di(4-benzoylphenylethylene)yl-triphenylamine (C2) and 4,4??,4??-tri(4-benzoylphenylethylene)yl-triphenylamine (C3). Benzophenone part is coupled with core through C?CC double bond. The chemical structures of the derivatives are characterized with ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis. Strong ?ШC?? stacking interactions are discovered with the analysis of the X-ray crystallographic data of C1. The absorption maxima and emission maxima of the derivatives exhibit gradual bathochromic shift from C1 to C3. The optical density of C1, C2 and C3 are shown to be related to the number of branches. The changes of dipole moments between the excited and ground states for C1, C2 and C3 were estimated to be 4.356, 8.091 and 8.479 Derby, respectively by Lippert equation, confirming that the internal charge transfer (ICT) dominates the process of excited singlet state. The possibility as fluorescence probes of the derivatives on the estimation of what region of micelles interacting with samples was evaluated.     

氧化物超导体的磁通动力学

考虑到氧化物高温超导体与传统超导体磁性质之间的不同之处，文章从不可逆线的解释，Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ模型的一种修正方案以及对Ｓ－Ｔ关系曲线的解释等三个方面对高温超导体的磁通动力学行为作了简要的介绍。     

基于激光吸收光谱技术的非均匀流场气体参数测量研究

为了探索激光吸收光谱技术在非均匀流场中的应用,提出了一种新的实现非均匀流场中气体参数定量测量的方法。预知被测流场中的温度变化范围后,选择在该温度范围内具有近似线性变化特性的谱线,线性拟合该温度范围内的谱线强度,结合实验测量的吸收光谱便可以实现非均匀流场中H₂O组分权重的温度积分平均值和H₂O组分积分平均值的定量测量。两温度分布和高斯温度分布模型的仿真研究证明了该方法的有效性和可靠性。两温度分布模型中的测量结果与理论值的偏差分别小于0.82%和1.10%,而高斯温度分布模型中不同光线中的测量值与理论值的最大偏差分别小于0.9%和3.6%。     

被动差分吸收光谱法测量区域内污染气体排放通量的方法研究

研究了一种基于被动差分吸收光谱技术(differential optical absorption spectroscopy, DOAS)测量区域(如工业区,城市)内SO₂等大气污染气体排放通量的光学遥测方法。采用安装在汽车上的被动DOAS系统围绕区域进行扫描测量,通过被动DOAS光谱处理方法对系统采集的天顶太阳散射光谱进行处理获取污染气体柱密度,再结合测量时段的气象(风场)信息获得该区域内污染气体对外的净排放通量。文章着重描述了获得污染气体柱密度的差分吸收光谱方法以及区域内污染气体净排放通量的计算方法,并构建了车载被动DOAS系统对北京市五环路以内区域的SO₂和NO₂排放进行外场测量,测得了该区域内SO₂和NO₂净排放通量分别为1.13×104和9.3×103 kg·h-1。实验结果表明这种基于被动DOAS的光学遥测方法能够用于区域内污染气体排放通量的快速测量。     

干涉成像光谱仪的通量特性分析

针对高分辨率成像光谱仪的应用要求,对大孔径静态干涉成像光谱仪在不同光照条件下进行了计算分析,表明这种成像光谱仪在能量利用率方面有明显优势.研制仪器的机载飞行试验结果表明,虽然机载试验在2004年12月份进行,太阳高度角在全年中最小,但是图像的个别地方仍会饱和.机载飞行试验进一步验证了干涉成像光谱仪的高通量特性,同时也说明,仪器的地元分辨率指标还有提高的潜力.     

空气环境下煤粉流LIBS多元素同时检测中激光能量研究

考察了大气环境下激光诱导击穿光谱适用于煤粉流多元素同时检测的激光能量范围,分析了造成煤粉流测量谱线信号波动的原因,得到了适用于煤粉流多元素同时检测的激发区域功率密度范围和最佳功率密度。实验选取能量范围为20～160 mJ,粒径小于200 μm煤粉颗粒经下料口自由下落形成煤粉流束,通过螺杆式给粉机控制流量,波长1 064 nm脉冲激光聚焦后作用于下降的煤粉流束上,产生等离子体,光谱仪采集等离子体发射光谱信号,分析结果表明：实验台架下适于煤粉流LIBS检测的能量范围为30～60 mJ,对应激发前沿功率密度选取范围14.4～34.4 GW·cm-2,最佳测量功率密度19.5 GW·cm-2。     

Possibility of liquid ferromagnetism

Critical temperatures of a model of Honda and Kato are calculated, taking account of the fact that the free energy must be a minimum. The possibility of liquid ferromagnetism is discussed.     

In‐Situ Measurement of Local Particle Flux Densities in a Complex Two‐Phase Flow

An optical measuring technique is presented allowing the exact in‐situ measurement of local particle flux densities in a confined channel flow by counting single particles penetrating an optically well defined measuring volume. This enables a precise flux determination up to the direct vicinity of planar walls. The measurement set‐up and its calibration as well as the whole test facility are described in detail. This measurement technique is used to study the particle transport in electrostatic precipitators. Exemplarily, results of particle flux profiles as well as precipitation, as gained from balances of parts of the precipitator channel, are presented. Furthermore, the possibility to determine particle velocity fluctuations is demonstrated.