波分复用中的自聚焦透镜耦合系统

运用矩阵光学的理论讨论了自聚焦透镜的成像特性;导出了设计最低损耗耦合系统的计算公式,并计算分析了耦合系统诸参数对于耦合损耗的影响。     

光纤准直器高回波损耗的理论分析与研究

在高斯光束传输理论的基础上，利用矩阵光学 原理和高斯光束耦合理论得出了斜面耦合自聚焦透镜型光纤准直器的回波损耗的数学表达式。分析了发迹光纤准直器的参数而引起回波损耗变化的原因。实验结果与理论分析比较吻合。     

采用GRIN透镜之光纤加速度计原理分析

根据近轴子午光线方程,研究了自聚焦透镜光纤加速度计的工作原理。据光功率耦合,分析了光纤和自聚焦透镜物理参数之选择。同时,对自聚焦透镜倾斜的影响给出了定量分析。本文从理论上证明了这种结构新颖,体积极小,精度高,成本低之自聚焦透镜光纤加速度计是合理可行的。     

采用自聚焦透镜光纤加速度计研究

本文根据近轴子午光线方程，研究了自聚焦透镜光纤加速度计的工作原理；根据光功率耦合，分析了光纤和自聚焦透镜物理参数的选择。同时，对自聚焦透镜倾斜的影响给出了定量分析。本文从理论上证明了这种结构新颖、体积极小、精度高、成本低的自聚焦透镜光纤加速度计是可行的。     

采用GRIN透镜之光纤加速度计原理分析

根据近轴子午光线方程，研究了自聚焦透镜光纤加速度计的工作原理。据光功率耦合，分析了光纤和自聚焦透镜物理参数之选择。同时，对自聚焦透镜倾斜的影响给出了定量分析。本文从理论上证明了这种结构新颖，体积极小，精度高，成本低之自聚焦透镜光纤加速度计是合理可行的。     

内窥式扫频光源光学相干层析系统的探头设计

利用自聚焦透镜和单模光纤搭建了基于光纤旋转连接器的内窥式扫频光源光学相干层析成像系统.利用Zemax模拟了内窥探头的光学性能,分析了光纤到自聚焦透镜的距离和自聚焦透镜节距对探头性能参量的影响.在综合考虑元器件成本以及成像要求后,选择无需定制,节距为0.24Pitch的自聚焦透镜,确定光纤与自聚焦透镜之间的距离为0.7mm.经实验测得该系统的横向分辨率约为19.5μm,纵向分辨率约为9μm,工作距离约为7mm,成像深度为6.2mm(空气中),与理论值接近.为了验证该系统对生物组织的成像性能,利用该系统对猪食道进行离体成像,重建后的层析图中可以明显地观察到猪肠道的表皮层和固有层.测量系统的各项成像性能参量以及对生物组织的成像性能表明该探头在内窥成像中是可行的.     

光纤太阳光照明系统中聚光装置的设计

将太阳光经传能光纤传输到室内进行照明是太阳能利用的新发展,而将太阳光耦合到传能光纤中是这项技术的一个难点。在分析塑料光纤的特点和各种聚光技术的基础上,提出一种把太阳光耦合进传能光纤中进行传输的聚光装置。根据非球面透镜垂轴球差小的特点把太阳光会聚到很小的光点,再利用长度约为1/4节距的自聚焦透镜改变光线的数值孔径使其满足光纤的数值孔径,通过一个计算公式来计算最佳的自聚焦透镜长度,实现非球面透镜和自聚焦透镜的最佳组合,把太阳光以较高的耦合效率耦合进塑料光纤。最后在理论上验证了此装置的可行性。     

一维自聚焦透镜及其应用

利用平板自聚焦透镜材料进行离子交换,制成一维自聚焦透镜.分析了平板自聚焦透镜的离子交换原理和折射率分布形成过程,测量了不同厚度时,折射率分布常量A的值.介绍了透镜的应用,并用一维自聚焦透镜制成小型半导体激光器耦合器件.     

波分复用/解复用器中自聚焦棒透镜的长度匹配

在 １ × Ｎ 波分复用／ 解复用器中, Ｎ ＋ １ 个自聚焦棒透镜构成了一个１ 到 Ｎ 的准直系统。自聚焦棒透镜之间的间隔不等, 导致了较大的不均匀的附加耦合损耗。为了使总的平均损耗最低, Ｎ ＋ １ 个自聚焦棒透镜的长度应匹配选择。数值计算结果表明, 输入自聚焦棒透镜应比１／４节距稍长Δ Ｚ０ ＝ ２０～５０ μｍ , 因 Ｎ 而异, 有一上限。 Ｎ 个输出自聚焦棒透镜的长度不等, 靠近输入端者比１／４ 节距略短, 远端者比１／４ 节距略长, 亦因 Ｎ 而异。这样匹配使得总的损耗最低, 适用于 Ｎ≤８（尤其是 Ｎ ≤６） 的情形。     

电调谐液晶波导型光滤波器的理论分析

近年来,液晶光滤波器已成为频分复用和高密度波分复用光纤通信系统中的一种重要选频器件。传统液晶光滤波器的谐振腔一般由向列相液晶和镀有高反膜的两块中行介质镜形成,单模光纤与谐振腔之间由自聚焦透镜进行耦合,基模间耦合效率低。并且谐振腔内的大量高阶横模的存在严重影响了腔的选频特性。本文提出了一种液晶波导型谐振腔结构的滤渡器,谐振腔由两个自聚焦透镜的端面和液晶波导形成,这种谐振腔结构简单紧凑,在满足模式匹配条件时,可以大大减小谐振腔与自聚焦透镜间的模式转换损耗,并能有效地抑制腔内的高阶横模。本文着重分析了液晶光滤波器的调谐、滤波原理,推导出了液晶波导谐振腔与自聚焦透镜之间的模式耦合系数和模式最佳匹配条件。     

A fiber coupling system based on the GRIN lens for use in all-fiber lidars

The all-fiber lidar shows exciting prospects in space-borne applications, but the coupling efficiency between the telescope and a single-mode fiber is an important problem in the lidar design. We employ the mode-matching theory to analyze theoretically the coupling efficiency. In practical coupling system design, three position deviations, which are the off-axis deviation, defocus deviation, and angle deviation, exert a substantial influence on the coupling efficiency and must be considered and discussed. Generally it is very difficult for a fiber coupling system based on a single lens to adjust the fiber position deviations and obtain the maximum coupling efficiency. Therefore, a coupling system, based on the GRIN lens combined with the lenses, is designed and employed to decrease the influence of these position deviations. We perform some numerical simulations to verify the feasibility of a coupling system based on the GRIN lens. Our results show that a coupling system based on the GRIN lens can overcome the off-axis deviation and defocus deviation and decrease the adjustment difficulty.     

Automatic design of a one-to-many optical-interconnects lens system using aspherics

Use of an aspherical surface in the design of a lens system for one-to-many optical-interconnects (OTM-OI), composed of a doublet lens and a gradient-index (GRIN) lens array has been investigated. Applying the procedure of ALSIE (Automatic Lens design by Solving InEqualities), the off-axis lens systems, which feature the optical performance of the OTM-OI lens system, are optimized at 0.1 numerical aperture with a total field of view of 2°. Three aspherical designs with the aspherical surface for different surfaces are presented. The aspherical designs show preferable modulation transfer function (MTF) for high frequency as compared with the spherical design.     

Superhigh numerical aperture (NA > 1.5) micro gradient-index lens based on a dual-material approach

We describe a novel scheme for obtaining a superhigh numerical aperture gradient-index (SHNA GRIN) lens from multiple thin layers of two or more materials with large refractive-index contrast. Design procedures for the lens are described, including variation of the layer thickness to achieve focusing and of the thickness limit to reduce scattering loss. We use an exact numerical solution by the finite-difference time-domain method to evaluate the lens's performance. Specific examples of a SHNA GRIN lens with a SiO2-TiO2 material system designed for fiber coupling to a nanowaveguide are shown to have focusing FWHM spot sizes of 0.53-0.7 microm at lambda =1.55 microm (corresponding to a NA of approximately 1.6-1.1) with 2.7-2.4% more loss than an ideal continuous index profile GRIN lens. With this approach, a SHNA GRIN lens with a NA of > 1.5 and a length of <20 microm can be achieved with currently available thin-film deposition techniques.     

Fabrication of gradient refractive index ball lenses

The theoretical model of the Maxwell fish eye sphere lens has long been regarded as an absolute optical instrument without practical application since it was proposed. But the study on the theory of Maxwell fish eye micro-spherical lens shows that at certain condition it has fine image formation ability and coupling efficiency. Based on the Fick's diffusion equations, the distribution function of refractive index of gradient refractive index (GRIN) ball lenses is derived. Lithium-containing silicate glass is fabricated and GRIN ball lenses whose diameters are from 0.3 to 3.0 mm are made by ion exchange and the sagging method in sodium nitrate. Radial refractive index profiles of these GRIN ball lens are measured by interferometer. Results show that the distribution of the index of refraction is a parabolic curve and in concordance with the computational consequence and its Δn is 0.0002.     

梯度折射率球透镜的制备及其光线轨迹测试

自麦克斯韦鱼眼透镜理论模型提出后,长期以来学术界一直以为它只是一种绝对光学仪器,在实践中并没有应用的可能。但通过对麦克斯韦鱼眼微球透镜的理论研究表明,在一定条件下,它具有良好的成像性能和耦合效率。根据菲克定律推导出梯度折射率球透镜的折射率分布函数。并且熔制了含Li+硅酸盐玻璃和采用槽沉法以及Na+/Li+离子交换法制备直径为0.3—3.0mm的梯度折射率球透镜。通过干涉法测得了梯度折射率球透镜的折射率分布曲线,并研究了光线通过梯度折射率球透镜的轨迹。研究结果表明:在590℃,离子扩散系数为3.07×10-6mm2/s;所制备的梯度折射率球透镜的折射率分布是抛物线分布,并且和理论分析相吻合;梯度折射率球透镜的光线轨迹满足椭圆方程。     

GRIN lenses for high efficiency coupling of laser diodes to single mode fiber

Various methods have been proposed to reduce the coupling losses of laser diodes into optical fiber coupling modules. [1] [2] [3] Among the options, coupling methods using GRIN lenses fabricated by ion-exchange technique offer a promising way to realize high efficiency coupling and stable operation.     

Efficiency and alignment tolerances of LED to single-mode fibre coupling — theory and experiment

The coupling efficiency between partially coherent sources such as LEDs and single-mode fibres is calculated from near- and far-field data of the source for arbitrary coupling optics. The influence of misalignment and lens aberrations is considered. Simple formulae for coupling efficiency and alignment tolerances are derived for LEDs with a Gaussian far field. The agreement with experimental results using spherical, GRIN and taper lenses is satisfactory     

Holographic coupler for GRIN lenses: Analysis of coupling conditions and phase profile of the coupled signal

Based on a previous model describing the behavior of a holocoupler/fiber optic device, we develop a new model for a holocoupler/GRIN lens system and analyze the conditions for the coupling to hold and the requirements of the coupled signal.     

Designing a coupler for the intersatellite optical communication system

Coupling a single-mode laser diode with 200 mW to a single-mode fiber (SMF) through an orthonormal aspherical cylindrical lens and a GRIN lens for the intersatellite optical communication system is proposed and demonstrated. We experimentally studied how the coupling efficiency changes with the SMF's position displacement and axial angle variation, and obtained 80 mW output power at the end of the SMF, which shows that the coupling units have satisfied the designed request.