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1.
In this paper, the toxic influence of copper ions (II) on bovine hemoglobin was investigated by the combination of ultraviolet-visible absorption, fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectra. Driven by hydrophobic and electrostatic forces, copper ions (II) could interact with bovine hemoglobin to form bovine hemoglobin-copper ions (II) complex with one binding site. The binding constant (K) was 1.57?×?104, 1.89?×?104 and 2.11?×?104?L/mol at 298, 304, and 310?K, respectively. The binding distance (r) was 4.24?nm. Fluorescence and time-resolved fluorescence spectra showed that bovine hemoglobin quenched by copper ions (II) was a static quenching process. Results of synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that the microenvironment and the conformation of bovine hemoglobin were changed during the binding reaction. Data of circular dichroism spectra suggested that with the increasing concentration of copper ions (II), the secondary structure of bovine hemoglobin underwent a decrease in α-helix and alteration in backbone microenvironment. Copper ions (II) was thus evidenced to have a certain toxic effect on physical bodies.  相似文献   

2.
A simple and rapid method has been developed to detect the nucleic acid–based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a probe by the amplified resonance light scattering signals of DNA hybridization. Five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons including naphthalene, pyrene, fluoranthene, anthracene, and phenanthrene, particularly naphthalene, with double-stranded DNA and single-stranded DNA in aqueous solution were investigated. Through amplified resonance light scattering signals, the complementary and mismatched sequences of DNA can be both detected and identified easily. Mechanism investigations by multiple spectra have shown that groove binding occurs between PAHs and double-stranded DNA.

Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Spectroscopy Letters to view the supplemental file.  相似文献   


3.
Systematic trends in nuclear charge radii are of great interest due to universal shell effects and odd-even staggering (OES). The modified root mean square (rms) charge radius formula, which phenomenologically accounts for the formation of neutron-proton (np) correlations, is here applied for the first time to the study of odd-Z copper and indium isotopes. Theoretical results obtained by the relativistic mean field (RMF) model with NL3, PK1 and NL3* parameter sets are compared with experimental data. Our results show that both OES and the abrupt changes across \begin{document}$ N = 50 $\end{document} and 82 shell closures are clearly reproduced in nuclear charge radii. The inverted parabolic-like behaviors of rms charge radii can also be described remarkably well between two neutron magic numbers, namely \begin{document}$ N = 28 $\end{document} to 50 for copper isotopes and \begin{document}$ N = 50 $\end{document} to 82 for indium isotopes. This implies that the np-correlations play an indispensable role in quantitatively determining the fine structures of nuclear charge radii along odd-Z isotopic chains. Also, our conclusions have almost no dependence on the effective forces.  相似文献   

4.
We derive a simple Woods-Saxon-type form for potentials between Y=Ξ,Ωandαusing a single-folding potential method,based on a separable Y-nucleon Potential.The PotentialsΞ+αandΩ+αare accordingly obtained using the ESC08 c Nijmegens potential(in 3 S1 channel)and HAL QCD collaborationΩN interactions(in lattice QCD),respectively.In deriving the potential between Y andα,the same potential between Y and N is employed.The binding energy,scattering length,and effective range of the Y particle on the alpha particle are approximated by the resulting potentials.The depths of the potentials inΩαandΞαsystems are obtained at-61 MeV and-24.4 MeV,respectively.In the case of theΞαpotential,a fairly good agreement is observed between the single-folding potential method and the phenomenological potential of the Dover-Gal model.These potentials can be used in 3-,4-and 5-body cluster structures ofΩandΞhypernuclei.  相似文献   

5.
The present study is dedicated to light-strange Δ with strangeness S=-1 and isospin I=0,E with S=-1 and I=1,and Ξ baryon with S=-2 and I=1/2. In this study,the hypercentral constituent quark model with linear confining potential has been employed along with a first order correction term to obtain the resonance masses up to approximately 4 GeV.The calculated states include 1 S-5 S,1 P-4 P,1 D-3 D,1 F-2 F,and 1 G(in a few cases) along with all possible spin-parity assignments.Regge trajectories have been explored for the linearity of the calculated masseJ for(n,M2) and(J,M2).Magnetic moments have been intensively Ltudied for ground Utate spin 1/2 and 3/2, in addition to the configuration mixing of the first negative parity state for Ξ.Lastly,the transition magnetic moments and radiative decay widths have been presented.  相似文献   

6.
7.
The charge exchange spin-dipole (SD) excitations of \begin{document}$ ^{90} $\end{document}Zr are studied using the Skyrme Hartee-Fock plus proton-neutron random phase approximation with SAMi-J interactions. The experimental value of the model-independent sum rule obtained from the SD strength distributions of \begin{document}$ ^{90} $\end{document}Zr(p, n)\begin{document}$ ^{90} $\end{document}Nb and \begin{document}$ ^{90} $\end{document}Zr(n, p)\begin{document}$ ^{90} $\end{document}Y is used to deduce the neutron skin thickness. The neutron skin thickness \begin{document}$ \Delta r_{np} $\end{document} of \begin{document}$ ^{90} $\end{document}Zr is extracted as \begin{document}$ 0.083\pm0.032 $\end{document} fm, which is similar to the results of other studies. Based on the correlation analysis of the neutron skin thickness \begin{document}$ \Delta r_{np} $\end{document} and the nuclear symmetry energy J as well as its slope parameter L, a constraint from the extracted \begin{document}$ \Delta r_{np} $\end{document} leads to the limitation of J to \begin{document}$ 29.2 \pm 2.6 $\end{document} MeV and L to \begin{document}$ 53.3 \pm 28.2 $\end{document} MeV.  相似文献   

8.
A class of relativistic astrophysical compact objects is analyzed in the modified Finch-Skea geometry described by the MIT bag model equation of state of interior matter, \begin{document}$ p=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\rho-4B\right) $\end{document}, where B is known as the bag constant. B plays an important role in determining the physical features and structure of strange stars. We consider the finite mass of the strange quark (\begin{document}$ m_{s} \neq 0 $\end{document}) and study its effects on the stability of quark matter inside a star. We note that the inclusion of strange quark mass affects the gross properties of the stellar configuration, such as maximum mass, surface red-shift, and the radius of strange quark stars. To apply our model physically, we consider three compact objects, namely, (i) VELA X-1, (ii) 4U 1820-30, and (iii) PSR J 1903+327, which are thought to be strange stars. The range of B is restricted from 57.55 to \begin{document}$B_{\rm stable}$\end{document} (\begin{document}$\rm MeV/fm^{3}$\end{document}), for which strange matter might be stable relative to iron (\begin{document}$^{56}{\rm Fe}$\end{document}). However, we also observe that metastable and unstable strange matter depend on B and \begin{document}$ m_{s} $\end{document}. All energy conditions hold well in this approach. Stability in terms of the Lagrangian perturbation of radial pressure is studied in this paper.  相似文献   

9.
Experimentally measured neutron activation cross sections are presented for the 65Cu(n,0)62mCu,41 K(n,a)38Cl,and 65Cu(n.2n)64Cu reactions with detailed uncertainty propagation.The neutron cross secions were measured at an incident energy of 14.92±0.02 MeV,and the neutrons were based on the(d,n)a fusion reaction.The 27 Al(n,a)24Na reaction was used as a reference reaction for the normalization of the neutron flux.The pre-calib-rated lead-shielded HPGe detector was used to detect the residues'γ-ray spetra.The data from the measured cross sections are compared to the previously measured cross sections from the EXFOR database,theoretically calculated cross sections using the TALYS and EMPIRE codes,and evaluated nuclear data.  相似文献   

10.
The production of vector boson tagged heavy quark jets potentially provides new tools to probe the jet quenching effect. In this paper, we present the first theoretical study on the angular correlations (\begin{document}$ \Delta\phi_{bZ} $\end{document}), transverse momentum imbalance (\begin{document}$ x_{bZ} $\end{document}), and nuclear modification factor (\begin{document}$ I_{AA} $\end{document}) of \begin{document}$ Z^0 $\end{document} boson tagged b-jets in heavy-ion collisions, which was performed using a Monte Carlo transport model. We find that the medium modification of the \begin{document}$ \Delta\phi_{bZ} $\end{document} for \begin{document}$ Z^0$\end{document} + b-jet has a weaker dependence on \begin{document}$ \Delta\phi_{bZ} $\end{document} than that for \begin{document}$ Z^0$\end{document} + jet, and the modification patterns are sensitive to the initial jet \begin{document}$ p_T $\end{document} distribution. Additionally, with the high purity of the quark jet in \begin{document}$ Z^0$\end{document} + (b-) jet production, we calculate the momentum imbalance \begin{document}$ x_{bZ} $\end{document} and the nuclear modification factor \begin{document}$ I_{AA} $\end{document} of \begin{document}$ Z^0$\end{document} + b-jet in Pb+Pb collisions. We observe a smaller \begin{document}$ \Delta \langle x_{jZ} \rangle $\end{document} and larger \begin{document}$ I_{AA} $\end{document} of \begin{document}$ Z^0$\end{document} + b-jet in Pb+Pb collisions relative to those of \begin{document}$ Z^0$\end{document} + jet, which may be an indication of the mass effect of jet quenching and can be tested in future measurements.  相似文献   

11.
Internal friction (or damping) is a measure of energy dissipation during mechanical vibration. The internal friction peak induced by grain boundary (GB) relaxation was discovered by Kê in polycrystals in 1947. The GB internal friction and related anelastic effects have been successfully interpreted by Zener's anelastic theory and viscous sliding model. Since then, the GB internal friction peak has been widely used to study the dynamic process of GBs, impurity segregation at GBs and relevant processes in materials science.

Previously, the GB internal friction was mostly studied with polycrystalline materials, in which mixed contributions of different types of GBs are involved. Since the microstructures and behaviors for different types of GBs are different, the detailed mechanism of the GB peak in polycryatals has not been clearly clarified.

From the beginning of the 21th century, the internal friction in bicrystals (each has a single boundary) with different misorientations and rotation axes has been systematically investigated. The results indicate that the internal friction can be used to distinguish the individual behavior of different types of GBs and applied to the practice of “GB engineering.”

Moreover, the coupling effect and compensation effect involved in GB relaxation has been recently observed and explained. The coupling effect means a correlated atomic motion occurred in GB relaxation. The compensation effect indicates that the apparent activation enthalpy is linearly related to the activation entropy in GB relaxation. These findings improve the understanding of the mechanism of GB internal friction.

This article attempts to give a comprehensive review to the investigations of GB internal friction in polycrystals, bamboo-crystals, and bicrystals. The microscopic mechanisms and the further applications of GB internal friction are discussed and prospected.  相似文献   


12.
We investigate the in-medium masses of open charm mesons (D(\begin{document}$ D^0 $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ D^+ $\end{document}), \begin{document}$ \bar{D} $\end{document}(\begin{document}$ \bar{D^0} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ D^- $\end{document}), \begin{document}$ D_s $\end{document}(\begin{document}$ {D_{s}}^+ $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ {D_{s}}^- $\end{document})) and charmonium states (\begin{document}$ J/\psi $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ \psi(3686) $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ \psi(3770) $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ \chi_{c0} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ \chi_{c2} $\end{document}) in strongly magnetized isospin asymmetric strange hadronic matter using a chiral effective model. In the presence of a magnetic field, the number and scalar densities of charged baryons have contributions from Landau energy levels. The mass modifications of open charm mesons result from their interactions with nucleons, hyperons, and the scalar fields (the non-strange field σ, strange field ζ, and isovector field δ) in the presence of a magnetic field. The mass modifications of the charmonium states result from the modification of gluon condensates in a medium simulated by the variation in the dilaton field (χ) in the chiral effective model. The effects of finite quark masses are also incorporated in the trace of the energy-momentum tensor in quantum chromodynamics to investigate the mass shifts of charmonium states. The in-medium masses of open charm mesons and charmonia are observed to decrease with an increase in baryon density. The charged \begin{document}$ D^+ $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ D^- $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ {D_{s}}^+ $\end{document}, and \begin{document}$ {D_{s}}^- $\end{document} mesons have additional positive mass shifts due to Landau quantization in the presence of a magnetic field. The effects of the strangeness fraction are observed to be more dominant for \begin{document}$ \bar{D} $\end{document} mesons compared with D mesons. The mass shifts of charmonia are observed to be larger in hyperonic media compared with nuclear media when the effect of the finite quark mass term is neglected. These medium mass modifications can have observable consequences on the production of the open charm mesons and charmonia in high-energy asymmetric heavy-ion collision experiments.  相似文献   

13.
The \begin{document}$\alpha$\end{document}-decay properties of even-Z nuclei with Z = 120, 122, 124, 126 are predicted. We employ the generalized liquid drop model (GLDM), Royer's formula, and universal decay law (UDL) to calculate the \begin{document}$\alpha$\end{document}-decay half-lives. By comparing the theoretical calculations with the experimental data of known nuclei from Fl to Og, we confirm that all the employed methods can reproduce the \begin{document}$\alpha$\end{document}-decay half-lives well. The preformation factor \begin{document}$P_{\alpha}$\end{document} and \begin{document}$\alpha$\end{document}-decay energy \begin{document}$Q_{\alpha}$\end{document} show that \begin{document}$^{298,304,314,316,324,326,338,348}$\end{document}120, \begin{document}$^{304,306,318,324,328,338}$\end{document}122, and \begin{document}$^{328,332,340,344}$\end{document}124 might be stable. The \begin{document}$\alpha$\end{document}-decay half-lives show a peak at Z = 120, N = 184, and the peak vanishes when Z = 122, 124, 126. Based on detailed analysis of the competition between \begin{document}$\alpha$\end{document}-decay and spontaneous fission, we predict that nuclei nearby N = 184 undergo \begin{document}$\alpha$\end{document}-decay. The decay modes of \begin{document}$^{287-339}$\end{document}120, \begin{document}$^{294-339}$\end{document}122, \begin{document}$^{300-339}$\end{document}124, and \begin{document}$^{306-339}$\end{document}126 are also presented.  相似文献   

14.
We study the \begin{document}$ B_{c,u,d}\to X(3872)P $\end{document} decays in the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach, involving the puzzling resonance \begin{document}$ X(3872) $\end{document}, where P represents a light pseudoscalar meson (K or π). Assuming \begin{document}$ X(3872) $\end{document} to be a \begin{document}$ 1^{++} $\end{document} charmonium state, we obtain the following results. (a) The branching ratios of the \begin{document}$ B^+_c\to X(3872)\pi^+ $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ B^+_c\to X(3872) K^+ $\end{document} decays are consistent with the results predicted by the covariant light-front approach within errors; however, they are larger than those given by the generalized factorization approach. (b) The branching ratio of the \begin{document}$ B^+\to X(3872)K^+ $\end{document} decay is predicted as \begin{document}$ (3.8^{+1.1}_{-1.0})\times10^{-4} $\end{document}, which is smaller than the previous PQCD calculation result but still slightly larger than the upper limits set by Belle and BaBar. Hence, we suggest that the\begin{document}$ B^{0,+}\to X(3872)K^{0,+} $\end{document} decays should be precisely measured by the LHCb and Belle II experiments to help probe the inner structure of \begin{document}$ X(3872) $\end{document}. (c) Compared with the \begin{document}$ B_{u,d}\to X(3872)K $\end{document}decays, the \begin{document}$ B_{u,d}\to X(3872)\pi $\end{document} decays have significantly smaller branching ratios, which drop to values as low as \begin{document}$ 10^{-6} $\end{document}. (d) The direct CP violations of these considered decays are small (\begin{document}$ 10^{-3}\sim 10^{-2} $\end{document}) because the penguin contributions are loop suppressed compared to the tree contributions. The mixing-induced CP violation of the \begin{document}$ B\to X(3872)K^0_S $\end{document} decay is highly consistent with the current world average value \begin{document}$ \sin2\beta=(69.9\pm1.7)$\end{document}%. Experimentally testing the results for the branching ratios and CP violations, including the implicit \begin{document}$S U(3)$\end{document} and isospin symmetries of these decays, helps probe the nature of \begin{document}$ X(3872) $\end{document}.  相似文献   

15.
16.
The article represents an experimentally supported quantitative analysis to observe the effect of time, temperature, nanoclusters’ morphology, and instantaneous volume fractions on perikinetic heat conduction and Brownian motion-based induced convection mechanisms of oxide (Al2O3 and TiO2, size 25–30 nm) based nanofluids. The appropriate models of thermal conductivity have been introduced to study the effect of various parameters such as; varying volume fractions, suspensions’ stabilities, nanoclusters’ growth, temperature, and the liquid layering. The developed model could predict the thermal conductivity enhancements of nanofluids within the accuracy of ± 0.5% to ± 4.5.0% in the temperature range from 20°C to 50°C.

Abbreviations: DI: De-ionized water; DLS: Dynamic light scattering; XRD: X-rays diffraction; TEM: Transmission electronic microscope; SDBS:Sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate.

Figure Effect of temperature on the Brownian Reynold number for Al2O3-H2O and TiO2-H2O nanofluids.  相似文献   


17.
Aftab Ahmad  Ali Murad 《中国物理C(英文版)》2022,46(8):083109-083109-13
We study the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking/restoration for various numbers of light quarks flavors \begin{document}$ N_f $\end{document} and colors \begin{document}$ N_c $\end{document} using the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model of quarks in the Schwinger-Dyson equation framework, dressed with a color-flavor dependence of effective coupling. For fixed \begin{document}$ N_f = 2 $\end{document} and varying \begin{document}$ N_c $\end{document}, we observe that the dynamical chiral symmetry is broken when \begin{document}$ N_c $\end{document} exceeds its critical value \begin{document}$ N^{c}_{c}\approx2.2 $\end{document}. For a fixed \begin{document}$ N_c = 3 $\end{document} and varying \begin{document}$ N_f $\end{document}, we observe that the dynamical chiral symmetry is restored when \begin{document}$ N_f $\end{document} reaches its critical value \begin{document}$ N^{c}_{f}\approx8 $\end{document}. Strong interplay is observed between \begin{document}$ N_c $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ N_f $\end{document}, i.e., larger values of \begin{document}$ N_c $\end{document} tend to strengthen the dynamical generated quark mass and quark-antiquark condensate, while higher values of \begin{document}$ N_f $\end{document} suppress both parameters. We further sketch the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram at a finite temperature T and quark chemical potential μ for various \begin{document}$ N_c $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ N_f $\end{document}. At finite T and μ, we observe that the critical number of colors \begin{document}$ N^{c}_c $\end{document} is enhanced, whereas the critical number of flavors \begin{document}$ N^{c}_f $\end{document} is suppressed as T and μ increase. Consequently, the critical temperature \begin{document}$ T_c $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ \mu_c $\end{document}, and co-ordinates of the critical endpoint \begin{document}$ (T^{E}_c,\mu^{E}_c) $\end{document} in the QCD phase diagram are enhanced as \begin{document}$ N_c $\end{document} increases and suppressed when \begin{document}$ N_f $\end{document} increases. Our findings agree with the lattice QCD and Schwinger-Dyson equations predictions.  相似文献   

18.
The W boson mass recently reported by the CDF collaboration shows a deviation from the standard model prediction with an excess at the \begin{document}$ 7\sigma $\end{document} level. We investigate two simple extensions of the standard model with an extra \begin{document}$ U(1) $\end{document} dark sector. One is the \begin{document}$ U(1)_x $\end{document} extension, where the \begin{document}$ U(1)_x $\end{document} gauge field mixes with the standard model through gauge kinetic terms. The other is a general \begin{document}$ U(1)_{\mathbf{A} Y+\mathbf{B} q} $\end{document} extension of the standard model. Fitting various experimental constraints, we find that the \begin{document}$ U(1)_x $\end{document}extension with only kinetic mixing can enhance the W boson mass by 10 MeV at most. The\begin{document}$ U(1)_{\mathbf{A} Y+\mathbf{B} q} $\end{document}extension can easily generate a 77 MeV enhancement of the W boson mass and also offer a viable dark matter candidate with a mass ranging from several hundred GeV to TeV, which may be detected by future dark matter direct detection experiments with improved sensitivities.  相似文献   

19.
The complete fusion reaction of \begin{document}$^{55}$\end{document}Mn + \begin{document}$^{159}$\end{document}Tb was studied on the gas-filled recoil separator SHANS2. Nineteen ER - α\begin{document}$_{1}$\end{document} - α\begin{document}$_{2}$\end{document} decay chains from \begin{document}$^{210}$\end{document}Th produced from the 4n evaporation channel were observed. The α-particle energy and half-life of \begin{document}$^{210}$\end{document}Th were determined as 7922(14) keV and 14(4) ms, respectively. In addition, the decay properties of \begin{document}$E_{\alpha}$\end{document} = 7788(14) keV and \begin{document}$T_{1/2}$\end{document} = 36\begin{document}$^{+15}_{-8}$\end{document} ms were obtained for \begin{document}$^{211}$\end{document}Th. The measured α decay properties of \begin{document}$^{210}$\end{document}Th and \begin{document}$^{211}$\end{document}Th were consistent with literature data. The cross sections were measured to be 0.59\begin{document}$^{+0.25}_{-0.23}$\end{document} nb and 0.19\begin{document}$^{+0.12}_{-0.09}$\end{document} nb for \begin{document}$^{210}$\end{document}Th and \begin{document}$^{211}$\end{document}Th, respectively. The equilibrium charge state of the recoiled nucleus \begin{document}$^{210}$\end{document}Th was determined experimentally. The new data were helpful for estimating the equilibrium charge states of elements 119 and 120, which could be produced via the \begin{document}$^{240}$\end{document}Pu(\begin{document}$^{55}$\end{document}Mn, 3n)\begin{document}$^{292}$\end{document}119 and \begin{document}$^{243}$\end{document}Am(\begin{document}$^{55}$\end{document}Mn, 3n)\begin{document}$^{295}$\end{document}120 reactions, respectively.  相似文献   

20.
In this article, a new class of solutions of Einstein-Maxwell field equations of relativistic strange quark stars obtained in dimensions \begin{document}$D\geq4$\end{document}, is shown. We assume that the geometry of space-time is pseudo-spheroid, embedded in Euclidean space of \begin{document}$(D-1)$\end{document} dimensions. The MIT bag model equation of state \begin{document}$(henceforth~EoS)$\end{document} is employed to study the relevant properties of strange quark stars. For the causal and non-negative nature of the square of the radial sound velocity \begin{document}$({v_{r}}^{2})$\end{document}, we observe that some restrictions exist on the reduced radius \begin{document}$(\frac{b}{R})$\end{document}, where R is a parameter related to the curvature of the space-time, and b is the radius of the star. The spheroidal parameter λ used here defines the metric potential of the \begin{document}$g_{rr}$\end{document} component, which is pseudo-spheroidal in nature. We note that the pressure anisotropy and charge have some effects on λ. The maximum mass for a given surface density (\begin{document}$\rho_s$\end{document}) or bag constant \begin{document}$(B)$\end{document} assumes a maximum value in dimension \begin{document}$D=5$\end{document}and decreases for other values of D. The generalized Buchdahl limit for a higher dimensional charged star is also obeyed in this model. We observe that in this model, we can predict the mass of a strange quark star using a suitable value of the electric charge (Q) and bag constant (B). Energy and stability conditions are also satisfied in this model. Stability is also studied considering the dependence of the Lagrangian perturbation of radial pressure (\begin{document}$\Delta p_r$\end{document}) on the frequency of normal modes of oscillations. The tidal Love number and tidal de-formability are also evaluated.  相似文献   

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