Regioselective Nitration of Phenols by NaNO3 in Microemulsion

Highly regiospecific mononitration of phenols and substituted phenols was carried out in TX100-based microemulsion. The use of inexpensive and relatively nontoxic acidic reagent is an advantage of this method. The effect of various parameters such as concentration of NaNO₃, temperature, and agitation speed on reaction system have been investigated. Exclusive ortho-selectivity was observed for all the phenols subjected to this protocol.     

Alumina Sulfuric Acid as an Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the O-Silylation of Alcohols,Phenols, and Oximes

Alumina sulfuric acid as a recyclable catalyst conducts the transformation of various types of alcohol, phenols, and oximes with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) to the corresponding O-trimethylsilylated compounds in good to excellent yields under mild and ambient conditions with short reaction times. The method is highly selective for the conversion of primary alcohols in the presence of secondary and tertiary alcohols. Additionally, the catalyst can be easily recovered and reused at least eight times without detectable loss of reactivity.     

Vapor—phase Nitration of Benzene to Nitrobenzene over Supported Sulfuric Acid Catalyst

Nitrobenzene is an important chemical intermediate for producing dyestuffs. It is also used as a solvent. The industrial synthesis of nitrobenzene has been carried out in liquid phase with a mixture of nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid. This conventional nitration process still has some unsolved problems such as treatment of waste sulfuric acid and disposal of wastewater. The vapor-phase nitration of benzene to prepare nitrobenzene over the solid acidic catalysts in diluted nitric…     

Mild and Selective Nitration of Phenols by Zeofen

Certain phenols and naphthols were nitrated regioselectively with zeofen in dichloromethane as solvent at room temperature and in a short reaction time to give good yields.     

Silica Chloride/NaNO2 as a Novel Heterogeneous System for the Nitration of Phenols Under Mild Conditions

Nitrophenols can be obtained via direct nitration of phenols with silica chloride, NaNO₂, and wet SiO₂ at room temperature in moderate to high yields.

     

W/O微乳液中纳米Pd微粒的化学破乳沉积

利用脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚型非离子表面活性剂Marlipal O13/50、水、环己烷组成的W/O微乳液体系合成纳米Pd微粒, 考察了化学破乳剂作用下纳米Pd微粒的沉积过程. 结果表明, 不同化学破乳剂使纳米Pd微粒沉积的速率顺序为1,4-二噁烷跃四氢呋喃跃甲醇跃乙醇跃正丁醇. 研究了化学破乳剂对微乳液界面张力与两亲因子的影响. 结果表明, 微乳液结构的破坏是界面张力增大的过程, 同时也是两亲性降低而向Lifschitz线逐渐靠近的过程.     

微乳液增溶分光光度法测定硫酸阳极氧化液中的铜

研究了铜与1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)在微乳液中的显色反应,建立了测定硫酸阳极氧化液中铜的新方法。以微乳液为增溶增敏剂,在酸性条件下使Cu-PAN络合物稳定保持在水相中,直接进行光度分析。该体系的络合物在558 nm处有最大吸收峰,线性范围为0~2.8μg/mL,其表观摩尔吸光系数ε=2.32×104L.mol-1.cm-1,该法用于测定硫酸阳极氧化液中的铜在不同水平的加标回收率为96.3%~102.1%。结果表明,该法准确、快速、简便,其它的常见离子无干扰。     

Evaporation/Precipitation from a W/O Microemulsion Base

The evaporation path in a microemulsion base of water, sodium dodecylsulfate, and pentanol was extended to include the subsequent precipitation stage caused by the restriction of the surfactant solubility. The results revealed the surfactant to be the only compound to precipitate during the evaporation/precipitation stage; the relative content of the two volatile compounds in the liquid phase was adjusted to the required level by the evaporation.     

High-yield Carbonization of Cellulose by Sulfuric Acid Impregnation

The carbonization of cellulose with sulfuric acid impregnation was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The mass yield of carbon after 800°C treatment in nitrogen increased to 2–3 times by addition of small amounts of sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid is considered to work as dehydration catalyst, thus suppressing the release of volatile organic substances. The shrinkage of the sample during carbonization was also significantly reduced by the addition of sulfuric acid.     

O／W微乳液中聚吡咯超微粒子的制备

选择合适的ＳＤＢＳ／吡咯／Ｈ２Ｏ三组分Ｏ／Ｗ微乳液与吡咯单体共存的两相体系，以单体相为单体源，在Ｏ／Ｗ三组分微乳液中进行了吡咯聚合，所得聚吡咯粒子大小仅为２～３ｎｍ，分布较均匀，且具有较好的导电性能．     

Molybdate Sulfuric Acid/NaNO2: A Novel Heterogeneous System for the N‐Nitrosation of Secondary Amines under Mild Conditions

Wet molybdate sulfuric acid (= dioxo[bis(sulfato‐κO)]molybdenum; MSA), a new solid acid, can be used in combination with sodium nitrite (NaNO₂) to transform a variety of secondary amines to the corresponding N‐nitroso compounds under mild, heterogeneous conditions (Table). The process has several advantages: the reagents are inexpensive and non‐hazardous, the reaction is clean, fast, and high‐yielding, and MSA can be readily removed by filtration and re‐used (after treatment with HCl) without loss of activity. Further, only N‐nitrosation was observed, but no C‐ or O‐nitrosation.     

微乳液体系中Ni-La-B非晶态合金纳米团簇的制备及退火晶化

ni-la-b非晶态合金;微乳液;纳米团簇;晶化;单分散     

O/W微乳液中聚苯胺超微粒子的制备

选择合适的ＳＤＢＳ／苯胺／Ｈ２Ｏ三组分Ｏ／２微乳液与苯胺单体共存的两相体系，以单体相为单体源，在Ｏ／Ｗ厂组分微乳液中进行了苯胺聚合，所得聚苯胺粒子大小仅为３ｍ，分布较均匀，且具有较好的导电性能。     

紫外分光光度法测定硫酸中的氮氧化物

建立了使用紫外分光光度法测定硫酸中氮氧化物的方法。利用高锰酸钾将试样中的亚硝酸根氧化成硝酸根,然后在硫酸(30%)介质中,于210nm波长处定量测定试样中氮氧化物的含量。方法检出限为0.0000075%,线性相关系数(r)为0.999 0,平均加标回收率为97.2%~102.8%,平均相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.9%~3.1%。方法灵敏度高、检出限低,操作简便、成本低,可应用于蓄电池电解液中氮氧化合物的检测。     

Promotion of Trimethylsilylation of Phenols by Trifluoroacetic Acid

Abstract

The speed of trimethylsilylation of sterically hindered phenols was increased by promoting the reaction with a small amount of trifluoroacetic acid. Promotion was successful with hexamethyldisilazane, trimethylchlorosilane, bis-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide, bis-(trimethylsilyl)-acetamide, and trimethylsilylimidazole.     

W/O型微乳状液迁移和富集痕量金属离子Cd2+、Cr3+的研究

利用各种分离技术分离和富集金属离子,无论是在环境保护还是在湿法冶金方面都具有重要的意义.油包水型微乳状液因具有独特的物理化学性质,已越来越广泛地应用于金属离子的萃取分离上.     

Efficient,Rapid, and Regioselective Bromination of Phenols and Anilines with N-Bromosaccharin Using Tungstophosphoric Acid as a Heterogeneous Recyclable Catalyst

A simple, efficient, and rapid method for high-yielding regioselective mono bromination of phenols and anilines has been achieved by treatment with N-bromasaccharin in the presence of a catalytic amount of tungstophosphoric acid.     

O／W微乳液中聚邻甲苯胺超微粒子的制备

聚邻甲苯胺具有较高的电导率、较好的贮存电荷的能力和良好的环境稳定性，因而具有较大的应用价值［’－‘j，其合成方法主要有电化学合成法和化学合成法［‘·’J．化学会成法所得聚邻甲苯肢的粒子一般大于100urn．近年来，以表面活性剂聚集体微乳液、溶致液晶为介质，制备超微粒子材料已为人们所关注「’－’］．以微乳液为介质进行聚合反应亦引起重视，但大部分微乳液聚合都是在四组分微乳液（表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、单体和水）中进行‘”·“‘．近年来，某些油溶性单体已成功地在无助表面活性剂的三组分微乳液中聚合［‘’·‘’1…     

超微镍粉的微乳液法制备研究

采用水（溶液）／二甲苯／SDS／正戊醇反相微乳液体系,用水合肼还原硫酸镍制备了纳米级（15－100nm)镍微粒,采用XRD、TEM等法对产物进行了鉴定与表征,考察了微乳液体系诸构成因素对纳米级镍制备的影响规律。     

己内酰胺三氟甲磺酸离子液体中甲苯的区域选择性硝化

以三氟甲磺酸和己内酰胺为原料制备了一种新型离子液体己内酰胺三氟甲磺酸([CP]OTf),用1HNMR、FTIR对其结构进行了表征。并把[CP]OTf作为催化剂和溶剂,用于催化甲苯的硝化反应。借助气相色谱研究了[CP]OTf的用量、硝化温度、反应时间、硝酸浓度和离子液体的重复使用等因素对甲苯硝化反应区域选择性和产率的影响。结果表明：在反应温度55℃,反应时间6h,甲苯与95%浓硝酸的摩尔比为1：1,离子液体用量占甲苯摩尔数的15%时,产物中邻对位硝基甲苯摩尔比为1.12,较浓硫酸催化硝化的相应值(1.67)显著降低,硝基甲苯的产率达到78.41%,[CP]OTf表现出了优良的催化活性和对位选择性。[CP]OTf) 重复使用5次,其催化活性及对位选择性变化很小。