A study on quantitative analysis of exposure dose caused by patient depending on time and distance in nuclear medicine examination

This study evaluated possible actions that can help protect against and reduce radiation exposure by measuring the exposure dose for each type of isotope that is used frequently in nuclear medicine before performing numerical analysis of the effective half-life based on the measurement results. From July to August in 2010, the study targeted 10, 6 and 5 people who underwent an ¹⁸F-FDG (fludeoxyglucose) positron emission tomography (PET) scan, ^99mTc-HDP bone scan, and ²⁰¹Tl myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan, respectively, in the nuclear medicine department. After injecting the required medicine into the subjects, a survey meter was used to measure the dose depending on the distance from the heart and time elapsed. For the ¹⁸F-FDG PET scan, the dose decreased by approximately 66% at 90 min compared to that immediately after the injection and by 78% at a distance of 1 m compared to that at 0.3 m. In the ^99mTc-HDP bone scan, the dose decreased by approximately 71% in 200 min compared to that immediately after the injection and by approximately 78% at a distance of 1 m compared to that at 0.3 m. In the ²⁰¹Tl myocardial SPECT scan, the dose decreased by approximately 30% in 250 min compared to that immediately after the injection and by approximately 55% at a distance of 1 m compared to that at 0.3 m. In conclusion, the dose decreases by a large margin depending on the distance and time. In conclusion, this study measured the exposure doses by isotopes, distance from the heart and exposure time, and found that the doses were reduced significantly according the distance and the time.     

Effect of alcohol consumption on the liver detoxication capacity as measured by [13C]methacetin- and [methyl-13C]methionine-breath tests

The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatic microsomal and mitochondrial functions by using the ¹³CO₂-breath test in healthy subjects either before or after the consumption of red wine. Fourteen adults received [¹³C]methacetin and [methyl-¹³C]methionine together with a standardised dinner. Expired air samples were taken over 6 h. After a wash-out period, the subjects consumed 0.4 ml ethanol/kg/day together with dinner over a 10-day period. Thereafter, ¹³C-tracer administration was repeated under identical conditions. The ¹³CO₂-enrichments were measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The mean cumulative percentage ¹³C-dose recovery (CPDR) after administration of [¹³C]methacetin and [methyl-¹³C]methionine either without or with red wine consumption amounted to 38.2±6.3 vs. 36.3±6.7% (p=0.363) and 9.5±3.3 vs. 8.8±2.5% (p=0.47), respectively. Moderate alcohol consumption does not induce significant short-term changes of the microsomal and the mitochondrial functions of the human liver in healthy subjects.     

碳纳米颗粒的放射性99mTc标记

探索了影响氯化亚锡还原法制备碳纳米管和不同粒径纳米碳黑的99mTc标记化合物的多种因素, 在给定实验条件下, 99mTc的标记率能够稳定达到90％以上。 细胞培养液中标记物的放射化学纯度在2.5 h中保持在(86±4)%范围内。 制备的标记化合物满足碳纳米颗粒细胞摄取率测定和细胞毒性机制研究的实验要求。 实验结果提示, 99mTc标记过程是基于还原得到的低价Tc在碳纳米颗粒表面上的物理吸附机理。 The effects of experimental conditions on preparation of 99mTc labeled carbon nanotubes and nanocarbon blacks by SnCl2 were investigated. At given conditions the labeling yields were over 90%. In a culture medium, the radiochemical purity of the labeling compounds kept (86±4)% within 2.5 h. The 99mTc labeled multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and nanocarbon blackes (NCBs) obtained in this work met satisfactory experimental demands for study of cellular uptake and toxicity. The experiments showed that the labeling process was based on physical adsorption of low valent technetium resulted from reduction reaction on the surface of the carbon nanomaterials.     

Exact profiles of 13CO2 recovery in breath air after per oral administration of [13C]methacetin in two groups of different ages

The aim of this study is to determine if age is a factor influencing the results of a [¹³C]methacetin breath test (¹³C-MBT). Two groups of healthy volunteers, each comprising six men and six women, but differing in average age (Y=young, 25.1±0.6 years, MA=middle-aged;, 46.0±2.1 years) orally took 75 mg [¹³C]methacetin. Samples of expiratory air for ¹³CO₂ measurement were collected up to 48 h after intake of the substrate. A maximum momentary ¹³CO₂ breath exhalation of 37.0±2.6%dose/h was observed at 18 min (median, range: 9–30 min) in the young subjects and of 38.4±2.5%dose/h at 18 min (median, range: 12–30 min) in the middle-age volunteers. The cumulative ¹³C elimination in expiratory air was statistically significantly higher in the MA compared with the Y group as from 75 min up to 180 min, indicating a greater microsomal metabolic efficiency of the liver in the middle-aged healthy subjects. Gender, use of hormonal contraception, cigarette smoking, or body mass index did not modify the age-related effect on the cumulative ¹³C elimination in breath air. The study results imply a necessity of composing control groups well matched with regard to the age structure for a proper interpretation of clinical ¹³C-MBT results.     

Effect of oxalate test dose size on absolute and percent oxalate absorption

The purpose of this pilot study was to establish the dependence or independence of oxalate absorption on the quantity of the test dose of sodium oxalate over a range of test doses corresponding to physiological dietary oxalate intake values. Gastrointestinal oxalate absorption was measured with the [¹³C₂]oxalate absorption test. Six healthy volunteers were always tested under standardized dietary conditions with 63 mg dietary oxalate and 800 mg dietary calcium per day. The volunteers were tested thrice each with sodium oxalate test doses of 25, 50, 200, and 600 mg. Additionally, 1000 mg sodium oxalate was applied once to three of these volunteers. The oxalate absorption of the six volunteers tested under the standardized conditions with 50 mg sodium [¹³C₂]oxalate was 7.2 ± 2.62 % (mean ± SD), similar to the 120 volunteers tested previously: 8.0 ± 4.4 % (mean ± SD). The tests with sodium [¹³C₂]oxalate doses in the range 25–1000 mg revealed similar percent oxalate absorption values. In conclusion, in healthy volunteers, the amount of oxalate absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract increased proportionally with the higher test doses of oxalate. However, percent oxalate absorption remained unchanged with test doses in the dose range of physiological dietary oxalate intakes.     

Feasibility studies towards future self-sufficient supply of the 99Mo-99mTc isotopes with Japanese accelerators

In order to establish a self-sufficient supply of ^99mTc, we studied feasibilities to produce its parent nucleus, ⁹⁹Mo, using Japanese accelerators. The daughter nucleus, ^99mTc, is indispensable for medical diagnosis. ⁹⁹Mo has so far been imported from abroad, which is separated from fission products generated in nuclear reactors using enriched ²³⁵U fuel. We investigated ^99mTc production possibilities based on the following three scenarios: (1) ⁹⁹Mo production by the (n, 2n) reaction by spallation neutrons at the J-PARC injector, LINAC; (2) ⁹⁹Mo production by the (p, pn) reaction at E_p = 50–80 MeV proton at the RCNP cyclotron; (3) ^99mTc direct production with a 20 MeV proton beam from the PET cyclotron. Among these three scenarios, scenario (1) is for a scheme on a global scale, scenario (2) works in a local area, and both cases take a long time for negotiations. Scenario (3) is attractive because we can use nearly 50 PET cyclotrons in Japan for ^99mTc production. We here consider both the advantages and disadvantages among the three scenarios by taking account of the Japanese accelerator situation.     

Line broadening,shifting and mixing parameters for the ν1 + ν3 band of OCS perturbed by N2 and O2

In this paper, we report measured Rosenkranz N₂- and O₂-broadening, induced pressure-shift and mixing coefficients for OCS in the ν₁ + ν₃ band, using a multi-pressure fitting technique applied to the measured shapes of the lines, including the interference effects caused by the line overlaps. These measurements were made by analysing six laboratory absorption spectra recorded at 0.004 cm^?1 resolution using the Fourier transform spectrometer Bruker IFS125HR located at the Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, in Créteil. The spectra have been recorded in the 1850–3000 cm^?1 wave number range at 295 K, using a multipass absorption cell with an optical path of 3.249 m. The total sample pressures ranged from 5.97 to 83.28 Torr with OCS volume mixing ratios between 0.001 and 0.013 in nitrogen or oxygen. We have been able to determine the N₂- and O₂-pressure-broadening coefficients of 81 ν₁ + ν₃ transitions with rotational quantum number J up to 50. The measured N₂- and O₂-broadening coefficients range from 0.0815 ± 0.0698 to 0.1169 ± 0.1027 cm^?1 atm^?1 at 295 K, respectively. Most of the measured pressure shifts are positive. The reported N₂- and O₂-induced pressure-shift coefficients vary from about ?0.0103 ± 0.0092 to 0.0097 ± 0.0092 cm^?1 atm^?1, respectively. We have examined the dependence of the measured broadening parameters on the quantum number m (m = ?J for the P branch and m = J + 1 for the R branch) and also developed an empirical expression to describe the broadening coefficients in terms of |m|. On average, this empirical expression reproduces the measured broadening coefficients to within 2%. Using a semi-classical Robert and Bonamy formalism, the theoretical broadening coefficients have been calculated at room temperature and compared with the experimental results. The theoretical results of the broadening coefficients are in very good overall agreement with the experimental data (2%).     

Effect of alcohol consumption on whole-body protein turnover in healthy adults

The aim of the study was to investigate the whole-body protein turnover, either before or after continuous, moderate ethanol-induced oxidative stress by red wine consumption over a relatively short period in healthy volunteers. Ten healthy adults received an individual regular diet over 20 days. After 10 days, the subjects consumed 0.4 ml ethanol kg^?1 day^?1 as red wine together with dinner over a 10-day period. After 8 and 18 days, respectively, a ¹⁵N-labelled yeast protein was administered in a dosage of 4.2 mg kg^?1 body weight. Urine and faeces were collected over 48 h, respectively. The ¹⁵N-enrichment was measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry, whereas the protein flux rates were calculated by a three-compartment model. The whole-body protein turnover without/with red wine consumption amounted to 3.73±0.6 and 3.49±0.6 g kg^?1 day^?1 (not significant), respectively. Moderate alcohol consumption does not induce significant short-term changes in the whole-body protein turnover of healthy adults.     

237Np and 57Fe Mössbauer study of NpFeGa5

⁵⁷Fe and ²³⁷Np Mössbauer ōmeasurements have been performed for NpFeGa₅, which is one of the so-called neptunium 1-1-5 compounds. The ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectra below T _N = 118 K show the magnetically ordered state. The magnitude of the hyperfine magnetic field at the ⁵⁷Fe nucleus is determined to be 1.98 ± 0.05 T at 10 K. From the ²³⁷Np Mössbauer spectrum at 10 K, the hyperfine magnetic field at the ²³⁷Np nucleus is 203 T and the hyperfine coupling constant is determined to be 237 T/μ_B using the Np atomic magnetic moment of 0.86 μ_B determined by the neutron diffraction study.     

Comparison of two dosage regimens of the substrate for the [13C]methacetin breath test

The [¹³C]methacetin breath test ([¹³C]MBT) – a valuable non-invasive tool dedicated to the assessment of the liver metabolic capacity – still needs standardisation. The aim of this study was to check whether currently used dosage regimens of [¹³C]methacetin provide concordant [¹³C]MBT results in subjects with an atypical body constitution. Healthy volunteers: low body mass<55 kg (eight women), and high body mass>95 kg (eight large body frame men) were recruited. They underwent [¹³C]MBT on separate days, taking in random order [¹³C]methacetin: a fixed 75 mg dose (FX75), or a 1 mg kg^?1 body mass-adjusted dose (BMAD). Samples of expiratory air for ¹³CO₂ measurement were collected over 3 h. The maximum momentary ¹³C elimination in breath air occurred earlier and was higher following BMAD than with FX75 in the low body mass females (T _max 14.6±1.0 min vs. 22.1±2.4 min, p=0.019; D _max 41.9±2.9 % dose h^?1 vs. 36.6±3.6 % dose h^?1, p=0.071). In the high body mass men, T _max remained unchanged, whereas D _max was slightly higher with BMAD compared to FX75 (21.5±3.2 min vs. 23.0±3.0 min; 38.5±2.9 % dose h^?1 vs. 32.3±2.5 % dose h^?1). It is concluded that in subjects with a body constitution outside the general population average, the dosage of the substrate may affect some results of the [¹³C]MBT. The dosage-related differences appear, however, to be insignificant if the result of the [¹³C]MBT is reported as a cumulative ¹³C recovery in breath air.     

Doping effects of Nb5+ on red long afterglow phosphor CaTiO3:Pr3+

A series of Nb5+ codoped red long afterglow phosphors CaTi1 xNbxO3:Pr03.+002 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) is prepared by a solid state reaction method. Their photoluminescence, phosphorescence and thermoluminescence are investigated. The results indicate that codoping Nb5+ can improve the photoluminescence and phosphorescence property of CaTiO3:Pr3+ significantly. When 3-mol% Nb5+ is codoped, the emission intensity of CaTiO3:Pr3+ is enhanced twice, while the afterglow time is extended from 10 min to about 40 min. Thermoluminescence results reveal that the trapping level of CaTiO3:Pr3+ is reduced from 0.82 eV to 0.62 eV by codoping Nb5+. The effect of Nb5+ doping on enhancing the photoluminescence intensity and afterglow time of CaTiO3:Pr3+ is discussed.     

Active metal brazing of Al2O3 to Kovar® (Fe–29Ni–17Co wt.%) using Copper ABA® (Cu–3.0Si–2.3Ti–2.0Al wt.%)

The application of an active braze alloy (ABA) known as Copper ABA® (Cu–3.0Si–2.3Ti–2.0Al wt.%) to join Al₂O₃ to Kovar® (Fe–29Ni–17Co wt.%) has been investigated. This ABA was selected to increase the operating temperature of the joint beyond the capabilities of typically used ABAs such as Ag–Cu–Ti-based alloys. Silica present as a secondary phase in the Al₂O₃ at a level of ~5 wt.% enabled the ceramic component to bond to the ABA chemically by forming a layer of Si₃Ti₅ at the ABA/Al₂O₃ interface. Appropriate brazing conditions to preserve a near-continuous Si₃Ti₅ layer on the Al₂O₃ and a continuous Fe₃Si layer on the Kovar® were found to be a brazing time of ≤15 min at 1025 °C or ≤2 min at 1050 °C. These conditions produced joints that did not break on handling and could be prepared easily for microscopy. Brazing for longer periods of time, up to 45 min, at these temperatures broke down the Si₃Ti₅ layer on the Al₂O₃, while brazing at ≥1075 °C for 2–45 min broke down the Fe₃Si layer on the Kovar® significantly. Further complications of brazing at ≥1075 °C included leakage of the ABA out of the joint and the formation of a new brittle silicide, Ni₁₆Si₇Ti₆, at the ABA/Al₂O₃ interface. This investigation demonstrates that it is not straightforward to join Al₂O₃ to Kovar® using Copper ABA®, partly because the ranges of suitable values for the brazing temperature and time are quite limited. Other approaches to increase the operating temperature of the joint are discussed.     

Effect of low-temperature high-pressure sintering on BiFeO3 density,electrical magnetic and structural properties

Single-phase multiferroic BiFeO₃ (BFO) powders were prepared by hydrothermal microwave synthesis and dense BiFeO₃ ceramics were fabricated for the first time by the low-temperature high-pressure (LTHP) sintering technique. Effect of sintering temperature ranging from 400 to 800 °C (3 min and 10 min) and pressure of 3–8 GPa on structural, microstructural, electric and magnetic properties were investigated through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), density and magnetic measurements. The results highlighted that LTHP sintering method, thanks to the high pressure involved, requires lower temperature and shorter time than other techniques, avoiding BiFeO₃ phase degradation. SEM images show that for short experimental time (t = 3 min) the average grain size of the sintered samples was approximately the same size of raw powder. Extending the sintering time up to 10 min the grain growth phenomena occurred. Moreover the results indicate that the best obtained density value was around 98% of theoretical density. The dielectric behavior of BiFeO₃ ceramics was not significantly influenced by the LTHP sintering conditions. Magnetic measurements showed that ceramic BiFeO₃ is weakly ferromagnetic at room temperature.     

The ro-vibrational analysis of the v4 fundamental band of CF3Br from jet-cooled diode laser and FTIR spectra in the 8.3-μm region

The v₄ fundamental band of CF₃⁷⁹Br and CF₃⁸¹Br, present in natural isotopic abundance, was investigated in the 8.3-μm region by high-resolution infrared spectroscopic techniques. Tuneable diode laser spectra were recorded in the ranges 1202.5–1205.0 cm^?1, 1208.0–1210.1 cm^?1 and 1212.5–1214.5 cm^?1. The tuneable diode laser spectra were obtained at the reduced temperature of 200 K and in a free-jet expansion. The latter technique was used to reduce spectral congestion, achieving a rotational temperature of about 50 K, with a resolution up to 0.0008 cm^?1. A Fourier transform infrared spectrum covering the entire spectral region of the v₄ band, between 1190 and 1220 cm^?1, was recorded at 298 K with a resolution of 0.004 cm^?1. The experimental wavenumbers from the different spectroscopic techniques were combined to accomplish the complete ro-vibrational analysis of v₄. In total, 4651 transitions were assigned to CF₃⁷⁹Br, 4047 to CF₃⁸¹Br, with J″_max? = K″_max?=80; of these, 3171 for CF₃⁷⁹Br and 2755 for CF₃⁸¹Br are from diode laser measurements. The data of each isotopologue were analysed using the model Hamiltonian for a degenerate vibrational state of a molecule of C_3v symmetry. The v₄ band of both the isotopologues resulted essentially unperturbed, but the Δl = Δk = ±2 l-resonance was found to be active within the v₄ = 1 state. Precise values of the vibrational energy and of the ro-vibrational parameters of v₄ = 1 for CF₃⁷⁹Br and CF₃⁸¹Br were obtained. The bromine isotopic splitting amounts to 6.9 × 10^?3 cm^?1. In addition, the equilibrium geometry and the harmonic force field were calculated ab initio using the large-size basis set def2-QZVP in conjunction to the PBE0 functional.     

Hydrophilic Labeling Reagents of Dipyrrylmethene-BF2 Dyes for Two-Photon Excited Fluorometry: Syntheses and Photophysical Characterization

Recently introduced bioaffinity assay technology, ArcDia TPX, is based on two-photon excited fluorescence (TPE) and it enables separation-free ultra-sensitive immunoassays from microvolumes. Here we present syntheses of novel two-photon excitable fluorescent labeling reagents which have been specially designed to be used as label molecules in the ArcDia TPX assay technique. The labeling reagents are based on dipyrrylmetheneboron difluoride (dipyrrylmethene-BF2) chromophore, which have been substituted with aryl, heteroaryl or arylalkenyl chemical groups to extend the pi-electron conjugation. These substitutions results in a series of dipyrrylmethene-BF2 fluorophores with different photophysical properties. Dipyrrylmethene-BF2 fluorophores have been further substituted with a dipeptide linker unit and finally activated as succinimidyl esters to enable specific coupling with primary amino groups. The dipeptide linker serves as a spacer arm between the label and a target, and enhances the solubility of the label in aqueous solutions. Study of the chemical and photophysical performance of the new labeling reagents is described. The new labeling reagents exhibit high fluorescence quantum yields, and molar absorption coefficients. The results show that the new labels with the hydrophilic dipeptide linker unit provide large two-photon excitation cross-sections, high fluorescence quantum efficiency and good solubility in aqueous solutions. The results suggest that the novel dipyrrylmethene-BF2 labels are highly applicable to bioaffinity assays based on two-photon excitation of fluorescence.     

Determination of Multiple φ-Torsion Angles in Proteins by Selective and Extensive C Labeling and Two-Dimensional Solid-State NMR

We describe an approach to efficiently determine the backbone conformation of solid proteins that utilizes selective and extensive ¹³C labeling in conjunction with two-dimensional magic-angle-spinning NMR. The selective ¹³C labeling approach aims to reduce line broadening and other multispin complications encountered in solid-state NMR of uniformly labeled proteins while still enhancing the sensitivity of NMR spectra. It is achieved by using specifically labeled glucose or glycerol as the sole carbon source in the protein expression medium. For amino acids synthesized in the linear part of the biosynthetic pathways, [1-¹³C]glucose preferentially labels the ends of the side chains, while [2-¹³C]glycerol labels the C^α of these residues. Amino acids produced from the citric-acid cycle are labeled in a more complex manner. Information on the secondary structure of such a labeled protein was obtained by measuring multiple backbone torsion angles φ simultaneously, using an isotropic–anisotropic 2D correlation technique, the HNCH experiment. Initial experiments for resonance assignment of a selectively ¹³C labeled protein were performed using ¹⁵N–¹³C 2D correlation spectroscopy. From the time dependence of the ¹⁵N–¹³C dipolar coherence transfer, both intraresidue and interresidue connectivities can be observed, thus yielding partial sequential assignment. We demonstrate the selective ¹³C labeling and these 2D NMR experiments on a 8.5-kDa model protein, ubiquitin. This isotope-edited NMR approach is expected to facilitate the structure determination of proteins in the solid state.     

Experimental plant for simultaneous production of 14N and 15N by 15N/14N exchange in NO,NO2–HNO3 system under pressure

An experimental study on ¹⁴N and ¹⁵N simultaneous separation using the chemical exchange in NO, NO₂–HNO₃ system under pressure is presented. The influence of the pressure and of the interstage 10 M HNO₃ flow rate on the separation of ¹⁴N and ¹⁵N was measured on a packed column with product and waste refluxers. At steady state and 1.8 atm (absolute), the isotopic concentration at the bottom of the separation column was 0.563 at% ¹⁵N, and in the top of the column was 0.159 at% ¹⁵N. The height equivalent to a theoretical plate and interstage 10 M HNO₃ flow rate values, obtained in these experimental conditions, allows the separation of ¹⁴N highly depleted of ¹⁵N and of ¹⁵N at 99 at% ¹⁵N concentration.     

Large enhancement of photoluminescence in SrTiO3:Pr powders by fluorhydric acid treatment

We have investigated the effect of fluorhydric acid (HF) treatment on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of SrTiO₃:Pr³⁺ powders prepared by sol-gel method. The red emission intensity increased significantly up to 18 times when the powders were subjected into a water-diluted 5% HF solution for 10 min. The origin of the PL enhancement was ascribed to the increase of oxygen vacancies in HF-treated SrTiO₃:Pr³⁺ powders. This study also manifested that HF etching is more effective to improve the red PL intensity than vacuum-annealing for the sol-gel made SrTiO₃:Pr³⁺ powders.     

准连续性动脉自旋标记技术在磁共振系统上的序列实现和参数优化

准连续性动脉自旋标记技术(pCASL)是一种新兴的动脉自旋标记脑灌注成像技术(ASL)：一方面,它克服了连续性动脉自旋标记技术(CASL)需要独立发射线圈的硬件限制;另一方面,也避免了脉冲式动脉自旋标记技术(PASL)带来的标记效率低的影响．为了在 1.5 T 磁共振系统上开发一款可稳定应用于临床扫描的 pCASL 序列;并使用该序列准确获得反
应灌注功能的局部脑血流量值(Regional Cerebral Blood Flow, rCBF)．该文利用水模测试pCASL 序列,验证了标记部分的标记性能并通过人体实验,优化了协议中标记位置中心到成像层面中心的距离和标记部分结束点到成像脉冲开始前的等待时间这两项参数．基于优化了参数的 pCASL 协议,扫描 12 组正常志愿者,观测灌注信号分布情况,并对特定灰质区域定量计算,对比不同个体该区域的 rCBF 值．通过人体实验,经验性地确定了延迟时间为 1 200 ms、标记距离为 70 mm 时灌注图像的信噪比达到最优．将两项优化后的参数存入协议中,并使用协议扫描,共获取 12 组结果,其中的 10 组都表明灌注信号稳定均匀,并且灰质区域的 CBF 值同经验结果一致．该工作在1.5 T 的磁共振系统上成功实现了 pCASL序列,经优化参数后的协议扫描,可以获得准确稳定的脑部灌注信号．
     

Determination of the Products of Irradiation of Natural Molybenum By Deuterons with Energy up to 13 MeV by Means of Semiconductor Gamma- and X-Ray Spectrometry

Introduction

Among the products of irradiation of natural molýbdenum by deuterons with energies up to 13 MeV, by means γ and X-ray speclrometry were identified these radlonudldes: ⁹⁹Nb, ^92mNb, ^95m+gNb ⁹⁶Nb, ⁹⁹Mo, ¹⁰¹Mo, ⁹²Tc, ^93m+gTc, ^94m+g^>Tc, ^95m+gTc, ⁹⁶Tc, ^97mTc, ^99mTc,¹⁰¹Tc, and ⁸⁹Zr. With the more intensive lines of γ transitions of ⁹⁰Nb, ⁹⁶Nb, ^93m+gTc, ^94m+gTc, ^95m+gTc, ⁹⁹Tc and ^97mTc accurate photon energies have been established and for the lines 1475.7 and 1520.5 keV of ⁹³Tc, 820.2 keV of ^95mTc, and 96.4 keV of ^97mTc also the absolute intensities of the emitted γ were determined. By means of aluminium foils, by which the set of Mo foils had been interlaid, the atomic recoil in forward and backward direction ivas established for the 17.82 mg/cm² Mo foils and deuteron energy up to 12.7 MeV and the ion current of 3.4 μA.