双色场驱动不对称分子气体产生平台区超连续光谱

研究了双色场驱动下不对称分子气体产生的高次谐波. 通过计算机数值模拟,发现当波长为800 nm,脉宽为10 fs的基频场和波长为1200 nm的控制场组成的多光周期双色场作用于不对称分子时,不对称分子的高次谐波在平台区的末端呈现出超连续结构. 超连续谱谱宽达80 eV,可以支持傅里叶极限脉宽为50 as的脉冲输出. 传播后,超连续谱变得更平滑,而且,直接选取超连续谱上的一段,可以得到脉宽约为90 as的单个脉冲输出. 关键词： 超连续谱 阿秒脉冲     

三色激光控制量子路径生成短于30阿秒的孤立脉冲

采用多周期的800 nm钛宝石激光组合1600 nm中红外脉 冲辐照氦离子产生高次谐波发射功率谱. 相对于单色场情形, 谐波谱出现明显的双平台结构, 且在第二平台区出现了光滑的连续辐射谱, 其转化效率相对于第一平台低了约两个数量级. 通过附加脉宽为1 fs的27次谐波脉冲到双色激光场的特定时域, 可以控制电子电离在半个光学周期内迅速提升, 获得了由单一短量子路径贡献的连续辐射谱, 使得第二平台区谐波的转化效率相对于组合场情形增强4个数量级, 且连续谱的频谱范围从第二平台区扩展到第一平台区, 叠加该连续谱190次到285次谐波生成了脉宽为29 as的强、短孤立脉冲.     

Attosecond manipulation of ionization and efficient broadband supercontinuum generation in stretched molecules

<正>We theoretically investigate the high-order harmonic generation from stretched molecules in a linearly polarized intense field.By adopting an infrared pulse combined with an ultraviolet(UV) attosecond pulse,the ionization process can be controlled effectively.In this excitation scheme,the harmonic spectrum beyond I_p+3.17U_P is significantly enhanced by two orders,where I_p and U_p=e~2E_0~2/(4m_eω~2) are the ionization and ponderomotive potential,then smooth broadband supercontinuum with the bandwidth of about 120 eV is obtained,which leads to an isolated sub-60- as attosecond pulse with a high signal-noise ratio.Moreover,the bandwidth of the supercontinuum is weakly dependent on the location and pulse duration of the UV pulse.     

Chirp control on molecular harmonic generation and distribution in H2+

Chirp control on the molecular harmonic emission and distribution in H₂⁺ has been theoretically investigated. The results show that (i) with the introduction of the up-chirped pulse, the intensities of the higher harmonics are decreased; while with the introduction of the down-chirped pulse, the intensities of the higher harmonics can be enhanced. When E(t) < 0.0, the harmonic emission events (HEEs) from the positive-H are higher than those from the negative-H; while when E(t) > 0.0, the HEEs from the negative-H are higher than those from the positive-H. As a result, when the higher harmonics are produced from E(t) < 0.0 or E(t) > 0.0, the positive-H or the negative-H plays the main role in the harmonic spectra. (ii) The distribution of the higher harmonics from the two-H nuclei can be controlled with the introduction of the chirps and the carrier-envelope-phases of the laser field. (iii) Some minima on the harmonic spectra can be obtained, which is attributed to the coupling of the two-center interference and the electron-nuclear dynamics. (iv) By properly superposing the harmonics from the down-chirped pulse, an isolated attosecond pulse (IAP) with the duration of 45 as can be obtained, which is nearly 1 order of magnitude enhancement in pulse intensity compared with the chirp- free case.     

非平行偏振双色场驱动产生脉宽稳定的单个宽谱阿秒脉冲

提出一种直接得到脉宽稳定的单个宽谱阿秒脉冲的新方法.利用波长为800 nm脉宽为5 fs的超短脉冲叠加上偏振方向与主脉冲成π/3,脉宽同样为5 fs的二次谐波脉冲驱动氦原子,可以得到宽度达到50 eV的超连续谱.当二次谐波的强度大于10¹⁴ W/cm²时,超连续谱的位置以及谱宽几乎不会随着二次谐波脉冲的强度的改变而改变.对85—125 eV的超连续谱进行滤波可以直接得到100 as左右的单个阿秒脉冲,这个性质对于实验上获得单个宽谱阿秒脉冲而言是非常有利的. 关键词： 阿秒脉冲 超连续谱     

Control of the supercontinuum spectrum bandwidth and emission efficiency for intense-isolated sub 40-as pulse generation by using a coherent superposition of states

We present a systematic study for generation of intense and short single as pulse in pre-excited He-ionic medium with the use of a same-frequency laser field synthesis. By preparing He+ ions in a coherent superposition of the ground and excited states, a depth of spectral modulation efficiently decreases and the efficiency of harmonic plateau increases. By means of optimizing the laser parameters, the broadband XUV supercontinuum achieve by the superposition state scheme. It shows that by increasing the harmonic order of the supercontinuum, emission efficiency increases. The detailed view shows that the short-trajectory contributes to each supercontinuous harmonic and long-trajectory fully suppresses. Finally, by superposing some properly selected harmonics from optimal spectrum, an intense and almost transform-limited isolated 38-as pulse can be generated without phase compensation. A single isolated 5-as pulse can be achieved after phase compensation. These results are explained by using classical and quantum time-frequency analyses.     

Supercontinuous high harmonic generation from asymmetric molecules in the presence of a terahertz field

We have investigated high-order harmonic generation from asymmetric molecules. It is found that supercontinuous high harmonics,which are produced from asymmetric molecules by significantly steering the ionization,are broken down when the electric field of the 5-fs driving laser pulse is increased to 0.16 a.u. The high harmonic generation from asymmetric molecules with the presence of a terahertz field is also investigated. This reveals that the terahertz controlled laser pulse significantly increases the energy difference between photons,emitted from the ejected electrons,in the first and second halves of the optical cycle at the centre of the driving laser pulse. In this way,a 200-eV broadband supercontinuum can be produced in the plateau,from which a 60-as pulse with a bandwidth of 60 eV can be directly obtained with a minor post-pulse.     

利用低频场控制轨道直接产生低于50阿秒的单个脉冲

提出一种直接得到脉宽小于50as的单个脉冲的新方法.利用波长为800nm脉宽为5fs的超短脉冲叠加上波长为10μm,强度为超短脉冲强度的10％且脉宽足够长的低频场脉冲驱动氦原子,谐波谱可以拓展到I_p+8.2U_p,同时,高于4.2U_p的谐波几乎是连续的.如果继续调节超短脉冲的载波包络相位,超连续谱可以继续拓宽,从而可以得到低于50as的单个脉冲. 关键词： 阿秒脉冲 超连续谱     

Theoretical exploration of asymmetric molecular harmonic emission and attosecond pulse generation in the presence of spatially inhomogeneous plasmon-enhanced field

Asymmetric molecular harmonic generation from HeH²⁺ ion in the presence of the spatially inhomogeneous plasmon-enhanced field has been theoretically investigated by solving the two-dimensional non-Born–Oppenheimer time-dependent Schrödinger equation (both the electron and nuclear motions are considered only along the laser polarisation axis). It shows that (1) for the normal homogeneous field, the harmonic cut-off from the asymmetric molecule is beyond the classical harmonic cut-off energy from the atom (I_p + 3.17 U_p). Further analyses show that the multi-channels ionisation–recombination process is responsible for the harmonic extension. (2) For the spatially inhomogeneous plasmon-enhanced field, the harmonic cut-off can be further enhanced, and an optimal 3.0 dB enhanced field with a 482 eV supercontinuum has been obtained. Quantum time-frequency harmonic analyses have been shown to explain the harmonic characteristics and the harmonic extension process. (3) Initial vibrational state and isotopic effects show that intense harmonics can be generated from higher initial vibrational state and the heavier molecule. Finally, by properly superposing the harmonics, a series of sub-30 as attosecond pulses can be obtained.     

Harmonic Extension and Enhancement Using a Two-Color Chirped Pulse and an Ultrashort Ultraviolet Pulse

A promising method to both extend the harmonic energy and enhance the harmonic intensity is presented when a He atom is exposed to the combination of a two-color chirped pulse and an ultrashort ultraviolet pulse. It is found that: (1) with the introduction of the two chirps, the harmonic energy has been remarkably extended; (2) by properly adding an ultrashort ultraviolet pulse to this synthesized two-color chirped pulse, the harmonic yield is enhanced by 3 orders of magnitude compared with the two-color chirped case; (3) the harmonic spectrum higher than the 96th order shows an ultrabroad supercontinuum with a 395 eV bandwidth, and the proper superposition over the harmonics directly produced a series of intense 40 as pulses which is 3 orders of magnitude higher than that in the two-color chirped case.     

Intensity improvement in the attosecond pulse generation with the coherent superposition initial state

We investigate the coherent superposition initial state effect and found that when the initial active electron state is prepared in the coherent superposition of the 1s and 2s states of the He⁺ ion and the chirp parameter of the fundamental field in the two-color scheme is chosen to be β=0.3$\beta =0.3$, the harmonic cutoff energy is remarkably extended and the harmonic yield is enhanced by at least 6 orders of magnitude compared with the case of the single 1s ground state with chirp-free pulse. An ultrabroad supercontinuum with a 458 eV bandwidth is formed, directly producing an intense isolated 34 as pulse.     

A strong single attosecond pulse generation from an atomic superposition state with chirped laser fields

We numerically investigate the chirp-depending of supercontinuum generation with preparing He+ ions in a coherent superposition of the states 1s and 2s. The results show that the initial population of the 2s state can lead to the formation of intense supercontinuum in spectrum. By precise control of chirp parameter, the spectral width and intensity of supercontinuum harmonics increase. Moreover, with a synchronous decrease of pulse durations, the bandwidth of the intense supercontinuum increases. The time–frequency characteristic of harmonics reveals that the long quantum-path is dominated in supercontinuum-region. As a result, an intense 7-as isolated pulse with a bandwidth of 570 eV can be achieved.     

附加谐波脉冲生成强的39阿秒孤立脉冲

采用多周期800 nm激光组合它的27次谐波脉冲生成超短、宽频的孤立阿秒脉冲.研究表明,脉宽为1 fs的27次谐波脉冲可以有效地控制电子动力学过程.将其加入到单色激光场的特定时域,可以控制电离概率在半个光学周期内迅速提升,使得谐波的转化效率相对于单色场情形增强4个数量级,并实现单一的短量子路径选择,出现频宽为108 eV的超连续辐射谱,叠加该连续谱140次到210次谐波获得了脉宽为39as的强、短孤立脉冲.与文献[7]中采用5 fs/800 nm激光附加紫外阿秒脉冲的方法相比,该方案生成的连续谱频带增宽一 关键词： 组合激光脉冲 连续辐射谱 阿秒脉冲     

Isolated attosecond pulse generation from atom radiated by a three-color laser pulse

We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic and attosecond pulse generation from helium atom in a three-color laser field, which is synthesized by 10 fs/800 nm Ti-sapphire laser and a two-color field consisting of 30 fs/532 nm and30 fs/1330 nm pulses. Compared with harmonic spectrum generated by a monochromatic field, the harmonics generated from the synthesized three-color field show a supercontinuum spectrum with a bandwidth of 235 eV, ranging from the 154 th to the 306 th order harmonic. This phenomenon can be attributed to the fact that the ionization of atoms as well as motion of ionized electron can be effectively controlled in the three-color field. Therefore, an isolated 46-as pulse can be generated by superposing supercontinuum from the 160 th to the 210 th order harmonics.     

利用多周期空间非均匀啁啾场产生单个短阿秒脉冲

提出了一种直接生成单个短阿秒脉冲的有效方案.采用数值求解一维含时薛定谔方程,理论研究了多周期空间非均匀啁啾场驱动预激发氦离子的高次谐波辐射和阿秒脉冲的产生.结果表明：在空间非均匀啁啾场作用下,谐波截止可扩展至1050阶次,并且高于300阶次以上的谐波是连续的.由于连续谱来自单一量子路径的贡献,滤出连续谱上880-1120阶次的谐波,直接产生了一个脉宽为11.4 as的单个脉冲.通过增加驱动脉冲的持续时间,可获得一个脉宽短至10 as的单个脉冲.     

利用三束中红外空间非均匀激光场产生超长平台区

数值研究了氦离子在三束中红外激光场下发射高次谐波以及阿秒脉冲的特点. 计算结果表明, 通过适当调节三束激光场的延迟时间和相位角, 不仅谐波发射的截止能量得到了延伸, 而且单一的量子路径也被选择出来对谐波发射起作用, 随后通过适当的引入空间非均匀参数,谐波截止能量得到了进一步扩展,形成了一个超长的1773eV的平台区. 并且我们发现当选择氦离子的基态和第一激发态为叠加初始态时,谐波的强度被增强了4-6个数量级. 最后, 通过叠加谐波谱上的谐波, 可获得一系列脉宽为32as左右的阿秒X射线光源. 并且这些光源的强度比氦离子基态作为初始态时增强了4-6个数量级.     

利用三束中红外空间非均匀激光场产生超长平台区

数值研究了氦离子在三束中红外激光场下发射高次谐波以及阿秒脉冲的特点. 计算结果表明, 通过适当调节三束激光场的延迟时间和相位角, 不仅谐波发射的截止能量得到了延伸, 而且单一的量子路径也被选择出来对谐波发射起作用, 随后通过适当的引入空间非均匀参数,谐波截止能量得到了进一步扩展,形成了一个超长的1773eV的平台区. 并且我们发现当选择氦离子的基态和第一激发态为叠加初始态时,谐波的强度被增强了4-6个数量级. 最后, 通过叠加谐波谱上的谐波, 可获得一系列脉宽为32as左右的阿秒X射线光源. 并且这些光源的强度比氦离子基态作为初始态时增强了4-6个数量级.     

Approach to extreme ultraviolet supercontinuum in a two-color laser field

In recent years, it has been shown that an intense few-cycle driving pulse combined with a weak control pulse could efficiently extend the harmonic spectrum in the generation of high-order harmonics (HHG). In this paper, we adjust the intensities of the driving and control pulse to generate broader extreme ultraviolet (XUV) supercontinuum. We find that in some special situation when the intensity of the control pulse equals to that of the driving pulse, a clean supercontinuum as long as 80 eV can be realized and a 53-as pulse can be straightforwardly obtained.     

中红外组合激光场产生低于50阿秒的单个脉冲

研究了氦离子在中红外组合激光场作用下的高次谐波辐射和孤立阿秒脉冲的产生. 研究结果表明,当主脉冲强度相对低时,谐波截止在657阶次处,形成一个宽度为287 eV的连续谱. 当主脉冲强度相对高时,可使谐波截止拓展到1795阶次,连续谱加宽到834 eV. 在两种情况下,我们实现了长量子路径选取,并且产生转换效率较高的连续谱. 特别是对于相对高的激光强度,叠加450—1590阶次内任意87 eV的谐波都可以直接得到50 as以内的单个脉冲.     

量子路径控制生成宽频软X射线连续辐射谱

数值研究了双色激光脉冲与一维氩原子相互作用的谐波发射功率谱.双色激光脉冲由800 nm和1600 nm的两束激光组成,脉冲持续时间为9.7 fs.计算结果表明,相对相位为π时,谐波截止频率从单色场情形的58 eV大幅度地展宽到316 eV,获得频宽为93 eV的软X射线连续辐射谱.此外,还采用短程的普薛耳－特勒势和长程的软化库仑势进行比对,数值结果表明该连续辐射谱的存在具有普适性.通过半经典的“三步”模型和时频分析小波变换方法对该连续辐射谱进行分析,发现其主要由单一的“短”量子路径生成,直接叠加频率从22 关键词： 红外双色激光脉冲 连续辐射谱 阿秒脉冲