活性炭的zeta电位对各种染料吸附的影响3．活性炭对阴离子染料洋红的吸附

测定了在不同pH下活性炭吸附阴离子染料洋红的变化规律,发现活性炭表面的电位(ζ对洋红吸附量的影响起着重要作用.当溶液pH小于活性炭的零电位pH(pHZPC=6.2)时,活性炭表面带正电,它对洋红阴离子具有静电引力,而当pH增大时活性炭的ζ电位下降,静电引力减弱,使得吸附量下降;另一方面由于洋红变色(pH3.5橙色,～pH6.8玫瑰红)后,洋红的溶解度增大,所以导致吸附量很快下降并趋于零.通过活性炭对洋红在不同pH下的吸附动力学和吸附热力学参数的估算,进一步揭示了活性炭在不同pH下对洋红的吸附机理.     

活性炭的zeta电位对各种染料吸附的影响3.活性炭对阴离子染料洋红的…

测定了在不同ｐｈ下活性炭吸附阴离子染料洋红的变化规律，发现活性炭表面的电位（ξ）对洋红吸附量的影响起着重要作用。当溶液ＰＧＨ小于活性炭的零电位ＰＨ（ＰＨｚｐｃ＝６．２）时，活性炭表面带正电，这绎洋红阴离子具有静电引力，而当ＰＨ增大时活性炭的ξ电位下降，静电引力减弱，使得吸附量下降；另一方面由于洋红变色（ＰＨ３．５橙色，－ＰＨ６．８玫瑰红后），洋红我溶解度增大，所以导致吸附量很快下降并趋于零， 通过     

A Ferricyanide‐mediated Activated Sludge Bioassay for Determination of the Toxicity of Water

Activated sludge was successfully exploited as the medium in the fast ferricyanide‐mediated toxicity (FM‐TOX) bioassay. The mediated biosensor toxicity assessment using activated sludge greatly simplified the testing process and improved detection sensitivity. The principle of the method is that the respiration of bacteria in the activated sludge is inhibited by the pollutants, and the extent of the inhibition is related to the concentration of toxicants. A series of experimental conditions (activated sludge concentration, incubation time, reaction temperature and pH of the solution) were optimized in order to increase the sensitivity. Different kinds of toxicants and natural water samples were examined under the best conditions and IC₅₀ values of them were obtained respectively. According to the testing results, a toxicity order was given: Hg²⁺>Zn²⁺>Cd²⁺>Pb²⁺ for heavy metal ions; 3,5‐DCP>PA>Methanol for organic toxicants and Machete>DDT for pesticides. The detection limits for those pollutants are lower than the values in the national standard. These results confirmed that this sensor may serve as an early warning device for avoiding environmental pollution and affecting public health.     

染料在剑麻基活性碳纤维上吸附速度的研究

本文研究了单组分染料在活性碳纤维上的吸附速度及双组分染料的竞争吸附速度。研究结果表明,不同染料分子在ＳＡＣＦ上吸附速度差异较大,结晶紫的吸附速度比亚甲基蓝或铬蓝黑Ｒ慢行多。亚甲基蓝和铬蓝黑Ｒ双组分共存时,其吸附速度与单组分时的相近,但初始阶段亚甲基蓝的吸附比铬蓝黑Ｒ快得多。由于染料的分子尺寸与ＡＣＦ的微孔大小相近,染料在活性碳纤维上的七染料孤及活怀碳纤维的孔结构密切相关。因此,不同染料分子在ＡＣＦ     

Influence of Pyrolytic Biochar on Settleability and Denitrification of Activated Sludge Process

Biochar is a massively produced by-product of biomass pyrolysis to obtain renewable energy and has not been fully used.Incomplete separation of sludge and effluent and insufficient denitrification of sewage are two of main factors that influence the efficiency of activated sludge process.In this work,we proposed a new utilization of biochar and investigated the effect of biochar addition on the performance of settleability and denitrification of activated sludge.Results show that the addition of biochar can improve the settleability of activated sludge by changing the physicochemical characteristics of sludge (e.g.,flocculating ability,zeta-potential,hydrophobicity,and extracellular polymeric substances constituents).Moreover,the dissolved organic carbon released from biochar obtained at lower pyrolysis temperature can improve the nitrate removal efficiency to a certain extent.     

水稻秸秆的改性及其对重金属Cu2+的吸附

重金属Cu2+可直接或间接危害人体,作为天然吸附剂的农业废弃物因价廉易得、来源广泛、吸附高效等优点备受青睐。本文选用水稻秸秆（RS）为吸附原料,分别经酸、碱改性后得到H2SO4-RS和NaOH-RS,通过FT-IR、SEM和BET对改性前后吸附材料的表面官能团、表观形貌和结构等理化性质进行分析,考察投加量、吸附时间、初始Cu2+浓度和离子强度对吸附效果的影响,并结合吸附动力学、吸附等温线和热力学模型对吸附过程进行探讨。结果表明：改性水稻秸秆对Cu2+达到吸附平衡所需的投加量和时间较之未改性RS大大减少,去除率由42.0%分别提升至85.9%（H2SO4-RS）和90.0%（NaOH-RS）;随初始Cu2+浓度和离子强度的增大,RS的吸附性能显著降低,H2SO4-RS有所降低,而NaOH-RS只是稍有下降,NaOH-RS对150 mg/L含Cu2+溶液的去除率仍达到84.2%,离子强度cNaCl = 0.1 mol/L时去除率维持在86.1%。吸附动力学和吸附等温实验表明水稻秸秆对Cu2+的吸附符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型;热力学分析显示,相同温度下RS、H2SO4-RS和NaOH-RS吸附Cu2+过程的ΔG逐渐减小,且改性后两种吸附剂的ΔG均小于0,ΔH由改性前的正值转变为负值,说明水稻秸秆改性后吸附Cu2+的自发性更强,为自发的放热过程。     

PAN基活性炭纤维的氮吸附研究

用相同原料不同活化方法制备聚丙烯腈基活性炭纤维,并对其进行了氮吸附研究.结 果表明,由不同活化方法所制备的活性炭纤维的孔结构存在较大差异,并对随着活化程度的 改变其孔结构的发展进行了研究.结果表明,通过简单的改变活化方法即可以制得不同孔隙占 主导地位的炭质吸附剂;也揭示出,不同的活化方法其活化机理有所差别.     

CO脉冲色谱法研究Cu-Ni/AC催化剂的吸附性能

本文采用CO脉冲色谱法研究了新型低温炭载合成甲醇催化剂Cu-Ni／AC在不同吸附温度下对CO的吸附性能，对比还考察了工业C-301合成甲醇催化剂对CO的吸附情况。结果表明，在相同吸附温度下，除240℃下经240℃H2还原的Cu-Ni／AC催化剂外，Cu-Ni／AC对CO的吸附量总体比工业C-301催化剂高。对Cu-Ni／AC而言，随着吸附温度的升高，CO的吸附量均呈下降趋势；经H2350℃还原的样品对CO的吸附量明显高于经240℃还原的催化剂。     

On the Adsorption of Some Catechol Derivatives from Aqueous Solutions onto Activated Carbon Cloth: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies

The removal of some of pollutants including catechol, 3-methylcatechol, 3-methoxycatechol, and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid by adsorption onto activated carbon cloth (ACC) at 35.0 ± 0.1°C was investigated. The equilibrium experimental data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Langmuir-Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. Also the kinetic experimental data were fitted to the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. It was found that the pseudo-second-order model describes the kinetic of adsorption better than the other one. By comparing the obtained results with the previously reported data, it can be concluded that ACC is a high efficient adsorbent for removal of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions.     

Correlation of Adsorption Equilibrium Data for Water Vapor on F-200 Activated Alumina

Single component adsorption equilibrium data for water vapor on commercially available activated alumina F-200 measured in a previous study (Serbezov, 2003) is correlated by two adsorption isotherm equations, both of which are based on the adsorption potential theory. The first equation is the well known Dubinin-Astakhov (D-A) equation. The second equation is obtained from a methodology proposed by Kotoh et al. (1993). It is referred to as a dual mechanism adsorption potential (DMAP) equation because it is a linear combination of two D-A terms with n = 1 where each term accounts for a specific mechanism of water retention. The D-A equation has two fitting parameters; the DMAP equation has three fitting parameters. The DMAP model provides a better fit for the adsorption data than the D-A model, while neither model describes the desorption data well. Analysis of the DMAP equation parameters shows that most of the water is retained by virtue of capillary condensation. In addition to fitting the experimental data, the heat of adsorption was calculated as function of the relative humidity and adsorbent loading. When capillary condensation is present, the heat of adsorption is only slightly higher than the latent heat of vaporization.     

Preparation of Activated Carbon From Olive Stone Waste: Optimization Study on the Removal of Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+ from Aqueous Solution Using Response Surface Methodology

The removal efficiencies of Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Zn²⁺ from aqueous solution with olive stone activated carbon (OSAC) were investigated in this paper. Central composite design method was used to optimize the preparation of OSAC by chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as chemical agent. The optimum conditions obtained were 715°C activation temperature, 2 hours activation time, and 1.53 impregnation ratio. This resulted in removal of 99.25% Cu²⁺, 94.98% Cd²⁺, 99.08% Ni²⁺, 99.33% Pb²⁺, 99.41% Fe²⁺, and 99.17% Zn²⁺, as well as 73.94% OSAC yield. The surface characteristics of the activated carbon (AC) prepared under optimized condition were examined by pore structure analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter of the prepared activated carbon were 886.72 m²/g, 0.507 cm³/g, and 4.22 nm, respectively. The equilibrium data of the adsorption was well fitted to the Langmuir and the highest value of adsorption capacity (Q) on the OSAC was found for Fe²⁺ (57.47 mg/g), followed by Pb²⁺ (22.37 mg/g), Cu²⁺ (17.83 mg/g), Zn²⁺ (11.14 mg/g), Ni²⁺ (8.42 mg/g), and Cd²⁺ (7.80 mg/g). The prepared OSAC can be used for efficient removal of metals from contaminated wastewater.     

Visible-light-driven Hydroamination of Alkynes over a New Type of Activated Carbon Immobilized Cu2+ Photocatalyst

A new type of activated carbon immobilized copper(Cu/AC) photocatalyst was prepared by a facile impregnation-adsorption method, where Cu²⁺ is chemically adsorbed by abundant oxygenated functional groups on large-surface-area activated carbon surface. Cu/AC exhibited good activity and selectivity to imine for the hydro-amination of alkynes at 60℃ under visible light irradiation. The reaction is initialized by the activation of alkynes molecules at Cu active sites with the aid of light as evidenced by the solid-state NMR and laser photolysis measurements and the control experiments. This strategy for catalyst design is potentially extended to the immobilization of other metal homogeneous catalysts for various heterogeneous catalytic systems.     

Removal of Cyanide from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption on Activated Carbon Prepared from Lignocellulosic By-products

Cyanide is considered one of the most dangerous compounds for the environment. They are discharged by various industries: chemical and metallurgical processes (extraction of gold and silver) and food industries. Adsorption is among the most used processes for elimination of cyanides particularly for the low concentrations. In this work, the cyanide removal is carried out by adsorption onto activated carbons prepared from olive stones and coffee ground. So we can promote this by-product as an inexpensive adsorbent. The prepared activated carbons are characterized by scanning electron micrograph and by determination of the physicochemical properties and specific surface area. All the adsorption experiments were performed in batch mode on synthetic water cyanide (KCN) at pH 10.8–11.0 to avoid volatilization of very toxic HCN. To describe the adsorption kinetics, the kinetic models of pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion were applied. The experimental equilibrium data for adsorption of free cyanide were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models.     

偕胺肟基纤维对铜(II)的吸附动力学

对含丙烯腈结构单元的高分子材料进行 CN的改性反应,偕胺肟化后的高分子材料可作为吸附剂,用于对水溶液中的金属离子吸附去除[1 4],也可用于稀土等贵金属的富集和回收[5 6]。作者以聚丙烯腈纤维改性所得偕胺肟纤维为吸附剂,对水溶液中的Cu2+进行吸附研究,着重研究了偕胺肟纤维对Cu2+的吸附反应动力学特征。1　实验部分1 1　主要试剂与仪器偕胺肟纤维按文献[7]方法制备,Cu2+溶液由硫酸铜(AR)和蒸馏水配制,其余试剂均为分析纯。WXF 120原子吸收分光光度计(北京瑞利分析有限公司),PXD 12数字式离子计(江苏电分析仪器厂),FC 104电子天…     

Adsorption of Cd(II) Ions onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Hazelnut Husks

In this study, a batch adsorption of Cd(II) ions onto activated carbon (AC) produced from hazelnut husks were investigated. The factors controlling the adsorption process such as initial pH, agitation time, dosage and initial concentration have been examined. The AC was showed a high affinity to Cd(II) ions at pH values between 5.0 and 7.0. The equilibrium time was found to be 300 minutes. Cd(II) adsorption equilibrium was analyzed with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations and it was found that Langmuir equations fitted well with the experimental data. Maximum Cd(II) adsorption capacity of AC was calculated to be 20.9 mg g^?1. Cd(II) adsorption kinetics described well with the pseudo second order model. The activated carbon prepared from hazelnut husks is efficient sorbent material for the removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions.     

活性炭的Zeta电位对其吸附达旦黄规律的影响

The effect of pH on the adsorption of anionic dye Titan yellow on the activated carbon from aqueous solution has been studied. It has been found that the Zeta potential of the activated carbon has a great effect on adsorption capacity of Titan yellow. The kinetic and the thermodynamic parameters of adsorption as a function of pH has been evaluated. The mechanism for adsorption of anionic dye Titan yellow on the activated carbon has also been discussed.     

荧光原位杂交技术在活性污泥菌群识别中的研究进展

荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)广泛地应用于分析环境微生物的群落组成,能够同时对微生物进行定性、定量分析,并确定微生物群落空间分布情况.本文阐述了FISH法应用于活性污泥处理系统的重要作用,综述了FISH法在活性污泥及生物膜微生物菌群的组成、结构与功能的研究和应用,同时讨论了其在应用中存在的不足,并在此基础上总结了一系列可...     

Adsorption of Dyes from Aqueous Textile By-Products on Activated Carbon from Scenedesmus obliquus

The adsorption of activated carbon prepared from Scenedesmus obliquus (algae) was evaluated through adsorption of Astrazon red. The adsorption efficiency of activated carbon was determined based on the specific surface area and pore size distribution. These results were compared with the results obtained with untreated algae. Approximately a 3-fold increase in the percentage of dye removal was observed for activated carbon compared to the untreated material. The primary reason for this observation may be the increase in specific surface area and total pore volume by chemical activation from 0.0136 to 423.7001?m²?g^?1 and from 0.0012 to 0.1643?cm³?g^?1, respectively. A pseudo-second-order model was fit with the kinetic data and the results indicate chemical adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of activated carbon was 181.82?mg?g^?1 at 25°C according to Langmuir isotherm model.     

污泥堆肥农用中重金属在海桐中的积累效应

采用小区试验的方法,研究了金华污水厂污泥堆肥土地利用过程中海桐根部对重金属的吸收及富集作用。结果表明,海桐对Cu均表现出比Zn更强的富集能力,而对Cd、Pb的富集能力很弱,其须根对重金属的吸收能力显著高于主根;就不同重金属的绝对吸收量而言,对Zn的吸收总量是最高的;须根中的Zn含量总体呈现随土壤中Zn含量增加而上升的趋势。     

活性炭对蔗糖的吸附特性

活性炭吸附蔗糖是一种化学吸附过程，蔗糖是单分子铺展的形式被吸附于活性炭表面，其吸附速率由内扩散所控制。