TiO2/ZnO纳米薄膜界面热导率的分子动力学模拟

采用平衡分子动力学方法及Buckingham势研究了金红石型TiO₂薄膜与闪锌矿型ZnO薄膜构筑的纳米薄膜界面沿晶面[0001](z轴方向)的热导率.通过优化分子模拟初始条件中的截断半径r_c和时间步后,计算并分析了平衡温度、薄膜厚度、薄膜截面大小对热导率的影响.研究表明,薄膜热导率受薄膜温度和厚度的影响很大,当温度由300 K升高600 K时,薄膜的热导率逐渐减小;当薄膜厚度由1.8 nm增大到5 nm时,热导率会逐渐增大;并在此基础 关键词： 热导率 分子动力学 2/ZnO纳米薄膜界面')" href="#">TiO₂/ZnO纳米薄膜界面 数值模拟     

Study of lattice thermal conductivity of alpha-zirconium by molecular dynamics simulation

The non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method is adapted to calculate the phonon thermal conductivity of alphazirconium. By exchanging velocities of atoms in different regions, the stable heat flux and the temperature gradient are established to calculate the thermal conductivity. The phonon thermal conductivities under different conditions, such as different heat exchange frequencies, different temperatures, different crystallographic orientations, and crossing grain boundary (GB), are studied in detail with considering the finite size effect. It turns out that the phonon thermal conductivity decreases with the increase of temperature, and displays anisotropies along different crystallographic orientations. The phonon thermal conductivity in [0001] direction (close-packed plane) is largest, while the values in other two directions of [2īī0] and [01ī0] are relatively close. In the region near GB, there is a sharp temperature drop, and the phonon thermal conductivity is about one-tenth of that of the single crystal at 550 K, suggesting that the GB may act as a thermal barrier in the crystal.     

Thermal transport properties of defective graphene:A molecular dynamics investigation

In this work the thermal transport properties of graphene nanoribbons with randomly distributed vacancy defects are investigated by the reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method. We find that the thermal conductivity of the graphene nanoribbons decreases as the defect coverage increases and is saturated in a high defect ratio range. Further analysis reveals a strong mismatch in the phonon spectrum between the unsaturated carbon atoms in 2-fold coordination around the defects and the saturated carbon atoms in 3-fold coordination, which induces high interfacial thermal resistance in defective graphene and suppresses the thermal conductivity. The defects induce a complicated bonding transform from sp2 to hybrid sp–sp2network and trigger vibration mode density redistribution, by which the phonon spectrum conversion and strong phonon scattering at defect sites are explained. These results shed new light on the understanding of the thermal transport behavior of graphene-based nanomaterials with new structural configurations and pave the way for future designs of thermal management phononic devices.     

Influence of chirality on the thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes

The influence of chirality on the thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs) is discussed in this paper, using a non-equilibrium molecular dynamics(NEMD) method. The tube lengths of the SWNTs studied here are 20, 50, and 100 nm, respectively, and at each length the relationship between chiral angle and thermal conductivity of a SWNT is revealed. We find that if the tube length is relatively short, the influence of chirality on the thermal conductivity of a SWNT is more obvious and that a SWNT with a larger chiral angle has a greater thermal conductivity. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of a zigzag SWNT is smaller than that of an armchair one. As the tube length becomes longer, the thermal conductivity increases while the influence of chirality on the thermal conductivity decreases.     

Molecular dynamics studies on the thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes

We have studied the thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using the NEMD method. The results indicate that the thermal conductivity values are not profoundly influenced by the specific simulation-technique used in the MD simulations. Some possible reasons, which could be responsible for the discrepancy on thermal conductivity values of SWCNTs in the literatures, are discussed.      

基于量子修正的石墨烯纳米带热导率分子动力学表征方法

本文提出了基于量子修正的非平衡态分子动力学模型,可用于石墨烯纳米带热导率的表征.利用该模型对不同温度下,不同手性及宽度的石墨烯纳米带热导率进行了研究,结果发现:相较于经典分子动力学模型给出的热导率随温度升高而单调下降的结论,在低于Debye温度的情况下,量子修正模型的计算结果出现了反常现象.本文研究还发现,石墨烯纳米带的热导率呈现出明显的边缘效应及尺度效应:锯齿型石墨烯纳米带的热导率明显高于扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带;全温段的热导率及热导率在低温段随温度变化的斜率均随宽度的增加而增大.最后,文章用Boltzmann声子散射理论对低温段的温度效应及尺度效应进行了阐释,其理论分析结果说明文章所建模型适合在全温段范围内对不同宽度和不同手性的热导率进行精确计算,可为石墨烯纳米带在传热散热领域的应用提供理论计算和分析依据.     

Thermal conductivity of carbon nanoring linked graphene sheets:A molecular dynamics investigation

Improving the thermal conduction across graphene sheets is of great importance for their applications in thermal management. In this paper, thermal transport across a hybrid structure formed by two graphene nanoribbons and carbon nanorings(CNRs) was investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The effects of linker diameter, number, and height on thermal conductivity of the CNRs–graphene hybrid structures were studied respectively, and the CNRs were found effective in transmitting the phonon modes of GNRs. The hybrid structure with 2 linkers showed the highest thermal conductivity of 68.8 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1). Our work presents important insight into fundamental principles governing the thermal conduction across CNR junctions and provides useful guideline for designing CNR–graphene structure with superior thermal conductivity.     

分形结构纳米复合材料热导率的分子动力学模拟研究

提出了一基于Sierpinski分形结构的Si/Ge纳米复合材料结构,以调控纳米复合材料的热导率.采用非平衡分子动力学方法模拟研究了分形结构Si/Ge纳米复合材料的导热性能,给出了硅原子百分比、轴向长度以及截面尺寸对分形结构纳米复合材料热导率的影响规律,并与传统矩形结构进行了对比.研究结果表明,分形结构纳米复合材料增强了Si/Ge界面散射作用,使得热导率低于传统矩形结构,这为提高材料的热电效率提供了有效途径.Si原子百分比、截面尺寸、轴向长度皆对分形结构纳米复合材料热导率存在着重要影响.纳米复合材料热导率随着Si原子百分比的增加呈先减小后增加的趋势,随轴向长度的增加则呈单调增大趋势.     

碳纳米管热传导的分子动力学模拟研究

采用改进的经验键序作用势描述碳原子间的相互作用,应用分子动力学方法和Green-Kubo函数计算了碳纳米管的热导率.在模拟中,使用了重叠计算的方法来计算热流相关函数,大大减少了模拟步数.计算结果表明,碳纳米管的热导率以原子间作用力相互做功所引起的热流形式为主;热导率的值随着直径的增加而减小;在室温下,热导率的值随着温度的增加而增加,达到室温后逐渐收敛于定值.计算的单壁碳纳米管热导率在1000W/mK至4000W/mK之间,计算结果与实验结果基本符合. 关键词： 分子动力学 碳纳米管 热导率     

The vibrational contribution to the thermal conductivity of a polyatomic fluid

A simple analytical expression is proposed in this article to calculate the vibrational contribution to the thermal conductivity of a polyatomic fluid. The analytic expression was obtained based on the assumption that the self-diffusion process is the major mechanism in the transport of vibrational energy. The proposed expression is validated by comparing the thermal conductivity of CO₂ calculated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to experimental data over a wide range of temperature and pressure. It is also demonstrated that the proposed analytic expression greatly increases the accuracy of calculated thermal conductivity for CO₂ at the supercritical state.     

不同硼掺杂几何形态下石墨烯纳米带热导率与热整流的分子动力学研究

通过非平衡态分子动力学方法,研究了锯齿形石墨烯纳米带中掺杂原子硼的两种不同位置排列（三角形硼掺杂和平行硼掺杂）对热导率和热整流的影响并从理论上分析了其变化的原因。研究表明这两种硼掺杂模型在不同温度下导致石墨烯纳米带热导率大约54％－63％的下降;同时发现平行硼掺杂结构对热传递的抑制作用强于三角形硼掺杂结构;硼掺杂结构降低热导率的作用随着温度的升高逐渐减小;三角形硼掺杂结构两个方向上的热导率值具有较大差异,这种结构下的热整流随着温度的上升呈现减弱的趋势;而平行硼掺杂结构两个方向上的热导率值近乎相等,热整流现象表现不明显。     

不同硼掺杂几何形态下石墨烯纳米带热导率与热整流的分子动力学研究

通过非平衡态分子动力学方法,研究了锯齿形石墨烯纳米带中掺杂原子硼的两种不同位置排列（三角形硼掺杂和平行硼掺杂）对热导率和热整流的影响并从理论上分析了其变化的原因。研究表明这两种硼掺杂模型在不同温度下导致石墨烯纳米带热导率大约54%-63%的下降;同时发现平行硼掺杂结构对热传递的抑制作用强于三角形硼掺杂结构;硼掺杂结构降低热导率的作用随着温度的升高逐渐减小;三角形硼掺杂结构两个方向上的热导率值具有较大差异,这种结构下的热整流随着温度的上升呈现减弱的趋势;而平行硼掺杂结构两个方向上的热导率值近乎相等,热整流现象表现不明显.     

Mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the twisted graphene nanoribbons

Molecular dynamics method was used to simulate the twists of four GNRs (graphene nanoribbons), two AGNRs (armchair GNRs), and two ZGNRs (zigzag GNRs). Thermal conductivity of the length-fixing GNRs under torsion and at high temperature was calculated. It is found that the ZGNRs have better torsional rigidity than the AGNRs; under the torsional deformation of 34.2°/nm local buckling occurs in the length-fixing GNRs, and under the deformation of 22.8°/nm overall buckling occurs in the ones with free-length. In the range of investigated twist-angle and temperature, the thermal conductivity of the length-fixing GNRs decreases with the increase of torsional deformation and temperature. The wider GNRs have better anti-torsion capability and thermal conductivity.     

Synthesis and optical properties of flower-like ZnO nanorods by thermal evaporation method

Flower-like ZnO nanorods have been synthesized by heating a mixture of ZnO/graphite powders using the thermal evaporation and vapor transport on Si (1 0 0) substrates without any catalyst. The structures, morphologies and optical properties of the products were characterized in detail by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy. The synthesized products consisted of large quantities of flower-like ZnO nanostructures in the form of uniform nanorods. The flower-like ZnO nanorods had high purity and well crystallized wurtzite structure, whose high crystalline quality was proved by Raman spectroscopy. The as-synthesized flower-like ZnO nanorods showed a strong ultraviolet emission at 386 nm and a weak and broad yellow-green emission in visible spectrum in its room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. In addition, the growth mechanism of the flower-like ZnO nanorods was discussed based on the reaction conditions.     

Numerical investigation on thermal properties at Cu-Al interface in micro/nano manufacturing

A hybrid model by integrating TTM (two-temperature model) and MD (molecular dynamics) is proposed to investigate the properties on interface of dissimilar materials under thermal flux conditions. This model can describe the electron phonon coupling and phonon scattering at the interface of different metals easily. By comparing the Cu-Cu interface and Cu-Al interface, the atoms of the Cu-Cu interface at different sides tend to move together; while, the atoms displacements of Cu and Al are opposite along the interface, which may cause stress and voids at the interface. Moreover, the propagation mechanisms of nanocracks and the corresponding change of temperature distribution and thermal flux are investigated. The results show that the interfaces of dissimilar materials are prone to crack initiations, leading to delaminations because of the high temperature. All these are useful for understanding the deformation and failure of the interfaces structures. It implies a potential method for design and analysis of interface structure in micro/nano manufacturing.     

碳化硅中点缺陷对热传导性能影响的分子动力学研究

碳化硅(SiC)由于性能优异,已广泛应用于核技术领域.在辐照环境下,载能入射粒子可使材料中的原子偏离晶体格点位置,进而产生过饱和的空位、间隙原子、错位原子等点缺陷,这些缺陷将改变材料的热物性能,劣化材料的服役性能.因此,本文利用平衡分子动力学方法(Green-Kubo方法)采用Tersoff型势函数研究了点缺陷对立方碳化硅(β-SiC或3C-SiC)热传导性能的影响规律.研究过程中考虑的点缺陷包括:Si间隙原子(Si_Ⅰ)、Si空位(Si_Ⅴ)、Si错位原子(Si_C)、C间隙原子(C_Ⅰ)、C空位(C_Ⅴ)和C错位原子(C_Si).研究结果表明,热导率(λ)随点缺陷浓度(c)的增加而减小.在研究的点缺陷浓度范围(点缺陷与格点的比例范围为0.2%—1.6%),额外热阻率(Δ_R-R_defect-R_perfect,R=1/λ,R_defect为含缺陷材料的热阻率,R_perfec...     

Effects of doping, Stone Wales and vacancy defects on thermal conductivity of single-wall carbon nanotubes

The thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes with certain defects (doping, Stone-Wales, and vacancy) is investigated by using the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method. The defective carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are compared with perfect tubes. The influences of type and concentration of the defect, length, diameter, and chirality of the tube, and the ambient temperature are taken into consideration. It is demonstrated that defects result in a dramatic reduction of thermal conductivity. Doping and Stone-Wales (SW) defects have greater effect on armchair tubes, while vacancy affects the zigzag ones more. Thermal conductivity of the nanotubes increases, reaches a peak, and then decreases with increasing temperature. The temperature at which the thermal conductivity peak occurs is dependent on the defect type. Different from SW or vacancy tubes, doped tubes are similar to the perfect ones with a sharp peak at the same temperature. Thermal conductivity goes up when the tube length grows or diameter declines. It seems that the length of thermal conductivity convergence for SW tubes is much shorter than perfect or vacancy ones. The SW or vacancy tubes are less sensitive to the diameter change, compared with perfect ones.     

类金刚石薄膜在硅基底上的沉积及其热导率

采用分子动力学方法模拟了碳在晶体硅基底上的沉积过程, 并分析计算了所沉积的类金刚石薄膜的面向及法向热导率. 对沉积过程的模拟表明, 薄膜密度及sp³杂化类型的碳原子所占比例均随沉积高度的增加而减小, 在碳原子以1 eV能量垂直入射的情况下, 在硅基底上沉积的薄膜密度约为2.8 g/cm³, sp³杂化类型的碳原子所占比例约为22%, 均低于碳在金刚石基底上沉积的情况. 采用Green-Kubo方法, 计算了所沉积类金刚石薄膜的热导率, 其面向热导率可以达到相同尺寸规则金刚石晶体的50%左右, 并且随着薄膜密度与sp³杂化类型碳原子所占比例的升高而升高.     

Enhancing thermal transport in multilayer structures: A molecular dynamics study on Lennard−Jones solids

We investigate the thermal transport properties of three kinds of multilayer structures: a perfect superlattice (SL) structure, a quasi-periodic multilayer structure consisted of two superlattice (2SL) structures with different periods, and a random multilayer (RML) structure. Our simulation results show that there exists a large number of aperiodic multilayer structures that have effective thermal conductivity higher than that of the SL counterpart, showing enhancement ratio in the effective thermal conductivity up to 193%. Surprisingly, some RML structures also exhibit enhanced thermal transport than the SL counterpart even in the presence of phonon localization. The detailed analysis on the underlying mechanism reveals that such peculiar enhancement is caused by the synergistic effect of coherent and incoherent phonon transport, which can be tuned by the structural configuration. Combined with molecular dynamics simulations and the machine learning technique, we further reveal that the enhancement effect of the effective thermal conductivity by 2SL structure is more significant when the period of SL structure is close to the critical transition period between the coherent and incoherent phonon transport regimes. Our study proposes a novel strategy to enhance the thermal transport in multilayer structures by regulating the wave-particle duality of phonons via the structure optimization, which might provide valuable insights to the thermal management in devices with densely packed interfaces.     

ZnO microbowls grown on ITO glass substrate through thermal evaporation

Novel ZnO microbowls are successfully synthesized by thermal evaporating of a mixture of ZnS powder and Zn powder. The morphologies of the as-synthesized products can be adjusted by changing the temperature and the type of substrate. The morphologies, microstructures, and photoluminescence properties are investigated by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and photoluminescence spectroscopy respectively. The growth mechanism of the as-synthesized ZnO microbowls is proposed based on the experimental results. ZnO microbowls presented here can be used as building blocks to fabricate optical and optoelectronic micro/nano devices.