用于DNA杂交检测的丝网印刷型生物传感器的研究

将单链DNA(ssDNA)固定到丝网印刷碳电极上构成电化学DNA传感器,采用电化学指示剂,建立DNA杂交的检测方法.Co(phen)33+电化学指示剂通过钴盐与配体邻菲罗啉络合制备,采用等离子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和核磁共振法(NMR)表征功能基团,采用循环伏安法(CV)分析指示剂的电化学特性,并以此为基础研究ssDNA在电极表面的固定及DNA杂交过程.本研究探讨了直接吸附、静电吸附与键合等3种ssD-NA在电极表面的固定方法,结果表明,静电吸附法和键合法具有较高的ssDNA固定量,采用静电吸附法固定探针的电极杂交目标DNA后,Co(phen)33+易于嵌入双链DNA (dsDNA)中,CV峰电流(ip)信号随目标DNA浓度增加.本研究采用静电吸附ssDNA的电极检测DNA杂交,实验表明,当探针固定液中ssDNA浓度为5 mg/L时,目标DNA浓度在6.65×10- 8～4.26× 10-6mol/L范围内,Co(phen)33+在dsDNA修饰电极上ip值与DNA浓度呈良好的线性关系,R2为0.9819.本研究为建立新的微生物分子分型手段提供了初步依据.     

量子点双标记的Fe3O4@Au磁性纳米DNA电致发光型传感器

合成了Fe3O4@Au磁性纳米粒子,并根据单链寡聚核苷酸(ss-DNA)杂交原理,利用量子点电化学发光,构建了DNA电化学传感器.在磁控玻碳电极(MCGCE)表面,将5′-SH-ssDNA捕获探针自组装在Fe3O4@Au磁性纳米粒子上,然后与目标DNA互补的一端杂交形成dsDNA,再与双标记了量子点的5′-NH2-ssDNA-NH2-3′信号探针杂交形成三明治杂交的DNA.应用循环伏安法对DNA的固定与杂交进行了表征.目标DNA浓度在1.0×10-13～1.0×10-11 mol/L范围与其响应的ECL信号呈线性关系,检出限为1.8×10-14mol/L.由于采用量子点双标记法,检测的灵敏度显著提高.     

微囊藻属DNA电化学传感器的研制

利用自组装法将巯基修饰的DNA探针与6-巯基-1-己醇(MCH)固定到金电极表面,制备了微囊藻属特定DNA传感器,将该传感器与完全互补的微囊藻DNA序列、完全不互补序列,以及单碱基错配序列进行杂交,以Hoechst 33258为杂交指示剂,应用循环伏安法和线性扫描伏安法研究了该传感器对目标DNA的电化学检测行为.研究表明,当与完全互补DNA杂交后,Hoechst 33258氧化信号有明显的增强.实验对自组装时间、MCH浸泡时间及杂交液离子浓度进行了优化.结果表明,当自组装时间为90 min,MCH浸泡时间为1 h,杂交溶液中NaCl浓度为0.3 mol/L时,电化学信号最好.目标DNA的氧化峰电流值与其浓度在1×10~(-8) ～1×10~(-6) mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为8.1×10~(-9) mol/L.     

基于β-环糊精主客体识别作用的均相DNA杂交电化学生物分子识别研究

基于β-环糊精(β-CD)和间甲基苯甲酸(mTA)的主客体识别,建立了均相DNA杂交电化学生物传感技术。将主体分子β-CD通过电化学聚合的方法固定在氮乙酰基苯胺修饰的玻碳电极表面,同时将mTA通过酸胺缩合反应标记在探针DNA序列上,与目标DNA在溶液均相中杂交之后,用修饰好的电极对探针DNA上的mTA进行主客体识别。以两种嵌入剂作为电化学指示剂——亚甲基蓝(MB)和道诺霉素(DNM),证实了方法的可行性。MB的电化学信号与完全互补DNA浓度在2.0×10"12～2.0×10"10mol/L之间呈良好线性关系,检出限为7.6×10"13mol/L;DNM的电化学响应与完全互补DNA浓度在1.0×10"12～1.0×10"9mol/L之间呈良好线性关系,检出限可达6.0×10"13mol/L,并表现出良好的重现性和稳定性。     

基于树状高分子固定DNA的电化学生物传感器的研究

用电化学氧化法使玻碳电极表面氧化生成羧基,利用偶联活化试剂将1.0G树状高分子(PAMAM)固定在玻碳电极表面,并通过共价结合固定ssDNA。以亚甲基蓝为指示剂,采用循环伏安法、示差脉冲伏安法等电化学方法对DNA电化学生物传感器进行了表征。结果发现,通过亚甲基蓝与双链dsDNA作用的氧化还原电流的变化,可以识别和定量检测溶液中互补的ssDNA片段。经过条件优化,本法测定DNA的浓度线性范围为2×10-9～2×10-7mol/L,检出限为1×10-9mol/L。     

灿烂甲酚蓝在DNA修饰金电极上的电化学行为

利用自组装技术将巯基乙醇固定在金电极表面形成巯基乙醇自组装膜修饰金电极, 用乙基-(3-二甲基氨丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)为偶联试剂, 分别将鲱鱼精单链DNA(ssDNA)和双链DNA(dsDNA)固定于金电极表面形成ssDNA和dsDNA 修饰电极. 考察了灿烂甲酚蓝(BCB)在不同DNA 修饰电极上的电化学行为,结果表明, BCB 在ssDNA 和dsDNA 修饰电极上的吸附常数分别为1.67×10^4和3.22×10^4 L·mol-1, BCB 与ssDNA 主要以静电作用结合, 而与dsDNA作用存在静电和嵌插两种模式. dsDNA 对BCB 具有更高的亲和力, 使BCB 可以作为一种有效的电化学杂交指示剂.     

铅笔芯电极表面多层自组装膜制备及其对牛血清白蛋白的测定

采用电沉积技术将金沉积在铅笔芯电极(PGE)上,借助Au-S作用,将L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)组装于金表面,利用吖啶橙(AO)与L-半胱氨酸之间的静电作用,将吖啶橙间接组装于金表面,构建成三层自组装膜电极AO/L-Cys/Au/PGE。将该复合膜电极连接在电化学工作站的工作电极和辅助电极端之间,与参比电极浸入溶液中,构建了一个新的检测回路。采用电化学阻抗谱技术和循环伏安法对多层自组装膜的组装过程进行表征。利用吖啶橙与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)间的相互作用,采用零流电位法,通过对比加入不同浓度BSA后零流电位值的变化(ΔEzcp)对BSA进行检测。结果显示,在1.0×10-9～1.0×10-5mol/L范围内,ΔEzcp与BSA浓度的对数值呈良好线性,相关系数(r)为0.997 0,检出限为1.41×10-11mol/L。该方法选择性和重复性好,有望应用于其它蛋白的测定。     

基于纳米ZnO/壳聚糖复合膜DNA电化学传感器用于HIV基因的免标记检测

以室温固相合成法制备纳米ZnO,通过壳聚糖(CHIT)的成膜效应将纳米ZnO固定在玻碳电极(GCE)表面,制得的ZnO/CHIT/GCE电极成为DNA固定和杂交的良好平台。DNA的固定和杂交通过电化学交流阻抗进行表征。以电化学交流阻抗免标记法检测目标DNA,固定于电极表面的DNA探针与目标DNA杂交后使电极表面的电子传递电阻增大,以此作为检测信号可以高灵敏度地测定目标DNA。电化学阻抗谱检测人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)基因片段的线性范围为2.0×10-11~2.0×10-6mol/L,检出限为2.0×10-12mol/L。     

基于金纳米粒子/1,6-己基二硫醇组装的脱氧核糖核酸电化学传感器检测凝血因子Ⅻ片段

将含有17个碱基对的凝血因子Ⅻ单链脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)片段固定在十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTMAB)保护的金纳米粒子/1,6-己基二硫醇/金电极上,以道诺霉素(DNR)为电活性指示剂,用于检测其互补序列。电化学阻抗谱(EIS)监测了整个组装过程,电极界面性质随组装层的改变而变化。循环伏安(CV)研究发现,DNR与单、双链DNA以不同的方式结合。通过微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)检测DNR的还原峰电流,获得DNA杂交的最佳条件为:杂交时间1h,道诺霉素的浓度为1.0×10-4mol/L,巯基修饰的单链DNA(SH-ssDNA)组装时间为24h。在最佳杂交条件下,当互补DNA(cDNA)的浓度从1.0×10-13mol/L增加到1.0×10-8mol/L,DNR的还原峰电流与cDNA浓度的对数值呈线性关系,其线性回归方程为:y=0.288 0.022lgx,线性相关系数为0.9987,cDNA的检出限达8.1×10-14mol/L。     

基于DNA四面体纳米结构探针的电化学生物传感器检测DNA甲基化

该文以DNA四面体纳米结构探针(TSP)为捕获探针,将辣根过氧化物酶标记的IgG抗体结合在纳米金颗粒表面(AuNPs-IgG-HRP)作为信号分子,构建了一种新型DNA甲基化电化学传感器。利用一步热变性法组装成TSP后,通过Au—S键固定在修饰纳米金颗粒的金电极表面,经过靶标DNA杂交、5-甲基胞嘧啶(5-mc)抗体及AuNPs-IgG-HRP结合后,用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)进行检测。采用循环伏安法(CV)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对修饰电极的构建过程进行电化学表征。探究了杂交时间、5-mc抗体浓度、IgG-HRP加入体积、氢醌(HQ)和过氧化氢(H2O2)浓度对传感器的影响。在最佳条件下,该传感器对甲基化DNA的线性响应范围为1.0×10-15~1.0×10-10 mol/L,检出限(S/N=3)为4.4×10-16 mol/L。该传感器具有良好的选择性和稳定性,为DNA甲基化检测提供了新方法。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.