共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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中国铁路客运系统可以采用两种不同的网络构建方式来描述. 一种是以铁路的站点作为“节点”,并以轨道作为“边”,这样生成的网络称为铁路地理网. 统计显示该网络的平均群聚系数〈C〉近似为零,故该网络为树状网络. 另一种是以站点作为“节点”,任意两个站点间只要有同一列车在这两个站点停靠,就可以认为这两个站点间有连线,这样生成的网络称为车流网. 统计显示该网络有较大的平均群聚系数和较小的平均网络距离〈d〉,而且该网络节点的度分布基本上服从无标度幂律分布,故车流网为具有无标度性质的小世界网络.
关键词:
铁路地理网
车流网
小世界
无标度分布 相似文献
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铁电体中极化拓扑畴(如涡旋畴)有望带来一系列新颖物理现象、新性能和新应用前景(如存储器件应用),从而引起了广泛兴趣.尤其是近年来在铁电纳米结构中发现了一系列有趣的新奇极化拓扑畴态,例如涡旋、中心畴、斯格明子、麦韧(Meron,也有称半子)等,引发了新一轮探索热潮.这些发现为进一步探索其中蕴含的丰富多彩的物理现象创造了条件,也为调控和设计高性能材料和器件提供了新的基元和序构,从而形成拓扑电子学的概念.过去十年,这一领域经历了快速发展,成长为铁电物理领域的前沿热点.本文将回顾近年来在铁电纳米结构中奇异极化拓扑畴的研究新进展,并简要讨论了该领域所存在的问题和潜在发展方向. 相似文献
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运用规范势分解理论研究了Jackiw-Pi模型中的自对偶方程,得到一个新的自对偶方程,发现了Chern-Simons多涡旋解与拓扑荷之间的联系。为了研究Jackiw-Pi模型多涡旋解的拓扑性质,构造了一个新的静态自对偶Chern-Simons多涡旋解,每个涡旋由5个实参数描述。2个实参量用来描述涡旋的位置,2个实参量用来描述涡旋的尺度和相位,还有一个实参量描述涡旋的荷。为了研究拓扑数对涡旋形状的影响,给出了具有不同拓扑数的多涡旋解。另外还研究了该涡旋解的磁通量的拓扑量子化。 相似文献
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磁学与拓扑物理是两大较为成熟的学科,二者的结合是新一代磁电子学的需求和基础.磁性拓扑材料是磁序与拓扑物理耦合的重要产物,为新兴的拓扑物理提供了材料载体和调控自由度.磁性外尔半金属实现了时间反演对称破缺下的外尔费米子拓扑物态,通过拓扑增强的贝利曲率产生了一系列新奇的磁/电/热/光效应;而外尔电子与磁序的相互作用也使得拓扑电子物理有望成为磁电子学应用的新原理和驱动力.当前,新物态与新效应的发现是磁性拓扑材料第一阶段的主要任务和特征,而动量空间拓扑电子与实空间磁序的相互作用已经开始进入人们的视野.这两个阶段的深入发展,将为拓扑磁电子学积累必要的物理基础和应用尝试.本文着眼于磁性拓扑材料发展的两个阶段,讲述磁性拓扑材料的提出和实现、均一磁序下的拓扑电子态及新奇物性、局域磁态与拓扑电子的相互作用3个方面,阐述当前领域内的热点内容和发展趋势,并对拓扑磁电子学的未来发展进行了思考和展望,以助力未来拓扑自旋量子器件的快速发展. 相似文献
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首先简要地介绍了磁性材料中磁结构、磁畴结构和拓扑磁结构以及相互之间的关系. 一方面, 磁畴结构由材料的磁结构、内禀磁性和微结构因素决定; 另一方面, 磁畴结构决定了材料磁化和退磁化过程以及技术磁性. 拓扑学与材料物理、材料性能的联系越来越紧密. 最近的研究兴趣集中在一些拓扑磁性组态, 如涡旋、磁泡、麦纫、斯格米子等. 研究发现这些拓扑磁结构的拓扑性质与磁性能密切相关. 然后从尺寸效应、缺陷、晶界三个方面介绍国际学术界在磁结构、磁畴结构和拓扑磁结构方面的进展. 最后介绍了在稀土永磁薄膜材料的微观结构、磁畴结构和磁性能关系、交换耦合纳米盘中的拓扑磁结构及其动力学行为方面的工作. 通过对文献的评述, 得到以下结论: 开展各向异性纳米复合稀土永磁材料的研究对更好地利用稀土资源具有重要的意义. 可以有目的地改变材料的微结构, 可控地进行磁性材料的磁畴工程, 最终获得优秀的磁性能. 拓扑学的概念正在应用于越来越多的学科领域, 在越来越多的材料中发现拓扑学的贡献. 研究磁畴结构、拓扑磁性基态或者激发态的形成规律以及动力学行为对理解量子拓扑相变以及其他与拓扑相关的物理效应是十分重要的. 也会帮助理解不同拓扑学态之间相互作用的物理机制及其与磁性能之间的关系, 同时拓展拓扑学在新型磁性材料中的应用. 相似文献
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具有良好可重构性、良好缺陷兼容性及紧凑型的声学拓扑结构可能成为声学发展中一个有前景的方向.本文设计了一种可调谐、应用于空气声的二维宽带复合蜂窝形晶格结构,其元胞拥有两个变量:一个是中心圆的缩放参数s,另一个是"花瓣"图案围绕其质心的旋转角度q.研究发现当s为1.2, q为±33°时,在结构的布里渊区中心点出现四重简并态.在±33°两侧,能带会发生反转,体系经历拓扑相变;同时,结构的相对带隙宽带逐渐增加,其中q为0°和60°时,相对带宽分别为0.39和0.33.本研究还计算了由这两种转角的声子晶体组成的拼合结构的投影能带,发现在其体带隙中存在着边界态并验证了此拓扑边界的缺陷免疫特性.最后通过变化s,构建了一种非周期性双狄拉克锥型的声拓扑绝缘体并验证了其缺陷免疫性.本研究的体系相对带宽显著超过已知体系,将为利用声拓扑边界的声波器件微型化打下良好的基础. 相似文献
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In this paper, a new model is constructed for the causation analysis of railway accident based on the complex network theory. In the model, the nodes are defined as various manifest or latent accident causal factors. By employing the complex network theory, especially its statistical indicators, the railway accident as well as its key causations can be analyzed from the overall perspective. As a case, the "7.23" China-Yongwen railway accident is illustrated based on this model. The results show that the inspection of signals and the checking of line conditions before trains run played an important role in this railway accident. In conclusion, the constructed model gives a theoretical clue for railway accident prediction and, hence, greatly reduces the occurrence of railway accidents. 相似文献
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By using the tools of statistical physics and recent investigations of the scaling properties of different complex networks,
the structural and evolving properties of the Chinese railway network (CRN) is studied. It has been verified that the CRN
has the same small-world properties of the Indian railway network (IRN). According to the class of small-world networks, we
believe the CRN is a single scale. In addition, a novel result is obtained. Measurements on the CRN indicate that the rate
at which nodes acquire links depends on the node’s degree and follows a power law.
相似文献
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Empirical analysis of a scale-free railway network in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We present a detailed, empirical analysis of the statistical properties of the China Railway Network (CRN) consisting of 3915 nodes (train stations) and 22 259 edges (railways). Based on this, CRN displays two explicit features already observed in numerous real-world and artificial networks. One feature, the small-world property, has the fingerprint of a small characteristic shortest-path length, 3.5, accompanied by a high degree of clustering, 0.835. Another feature is characterized by the scale-free distributions of both degrees and weighted degrees, namely strengths. Correlations between strength and degree, degree and degree, and clustering coefficient and degree have been studied and the forms of such behaviors have been identified. In addition, we investigate distributions of clustering coefficients, topological distances, and spatial distances. 相似文献
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The urban road network is a complex system that exhibits the properties of self-organization and emergence. Recent theoretical and empirical studies have mainly focused on the structural properties of the urban road networks. This research concentrates on some important parameters such as degree, average degree, meshedness coefficient, betweeness, etc. These parameters of the real road network exhibit specific statistical properties. Some studies show that perhaps these specific statistical properties are caused by a compromise mechanism of the formation of a minimum spanning tree and the greedy triangulation. Inspired by these results, we propose a principle to construct the network (we call it a MG network in this paper) whose structure is located between the minimum spanning tree and the greedy triangulation at first. The structural properties of the MG network are analyzed. We find the formation mechanism of the MG network cannot explain the urban road network evolution well. Then, based on the formation mechanism of the MG network, we add the ‘direction preferred connection’ and ‘degree constraint’ principles to the urban road network evolution simulation process. The result of the simulation network turns out to be a planar network that is in accordance with reality. Compared with the real road network’s structural properties, we find the simulation results are so consistent with it. It indicates the validation of the model and also demonstrates perhaps the ‘direction preferred connection’ and ‘degree constraint’ principle can explain the urban road network evolution better. 相似文献
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We investigate the detailed, empirical analysis of the statistical properties of the Railway Network of China (RNC) in space L and space G, constructed by geographic coarse graining process. The RNC exhibits similar properties in the cumulative distributions of degree and strength in two spaces, and it presents the hierarchical structure, small-world behavior and assortativity, areciprocal connection both in space L and space G. We also investigate the path length that every train runs, the distribution of the railroad length per degree and the optimal distribution of stations. 相似文献
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针对目前地理信息系统对地理位置不能实时掌握,缺乏自组网管理等方面的问题,采用WebGIS技术构建物联网环境下的地理信息管理系统。利用OpenStack 云计算平台建立信息传感网,采用Web技术进行地理信息系统GIS的网络组网设计,实现了对地理信息的对象存储、虚拟计算服务以及远程调用和监控等操作。在系统测试中通过对地理位置定位模拟,验证该系统的有效性,测试结果表明,采用该系统进行地理信息管理,对地理位置的定位精度较高,能使各类地理信息动态显示在界面上,系统的稳定性较好。 相似文献
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基于动力学同步的复杂网络结构识别是探测复杂网络拓扑性质的重要方面, 其中识别速度是一个重要但鲜有讨论问题. 首先对弱耦合条件下耦合非线性振子网络结构识别速度的问题进行了研究. 发现识别速度随耦合强度成正比增长. 通过解析讨论, 肯定了这一关系是普适的. 之后基于我们最近提出的反复驱动识别方法, 将处于同步稳定态的耦合区域也纳入研究范围. 在这种情形下存在一个最佳的时间片段的长度使识别速度达到极值. 这些结论加深了对时间序列中蕴含的拓扑结构信息量的理解. 相似文献