Algorithm for determining the aerodynamic characteristics of a freely flying object from discrete data of ballistic experiment. Part 2

In part 1 of this paper, an algorithm for numerically solving the inverse problem of motion of a solid through the atmosphere is described that constitutes the basis for identifying the aerodynamic characteristics of an object from trajectory data and the respective identification procedure is presented. In part 2, methods evaluating the significance of desired parameters and adequacy of a mathematical model of motion, approaches to metrological certification of experimental equipment, and results of testing the algorithm are discussed.     

用于像移探测的位平面匹配改进算法

像移探测作为电子稳像的重要的步骤,直接影响稳像的精度和速度。针对传统位平面匹配算法的局限,对各阶位平面的探测效果进行了综合测试,并提出了一种改进方案,即对位平面4,5经过下采样后组成一个合成位平面来进行匹配。研究了匹配块大小变化对位平面算法的影响,比较了相邻帧和固定帧两种参考帧选取方法的优劣。实验表明,改进的位平面匹配算法提高了位平面算法的稳健性,在没有增加计算量的前提下,算法精度达到了与全搜索块匹配法相当的程度。     

FTIR光谱仪中基于定镜调整的动镜运动控制研究

动镜是FTIR光谱仪中唯一不断运动的部件,动镜的匀速运动性能以及动镜与定镜的准直性好坏影响干涉效果和光谱图质量,直接制约着仪器的精度和分辨率,对仪器整体指标起着重要作用。文章围绕FTIR光谱仪中干涉仪动镜运动的匀速性以及其与定镜的准直性展开研究,使用相位检测技术对定镜的姿态作出动态调整以补偿动镜与定镜间的倾斜夹角,并且设计了具有磁悬浮特点的动镜支撑系统。文章采用改进的模糊PID控制算法实现动镜运动速度的精确调节,对该控制方案从硬件设计和算法上实现。结果表明所研发的动镜运动控制系统具有足够的精度和实时性,能够保证FTIR光谱仪中干涉仪所需的准直性及动镜匀速性的要求。     

Lifting the singular nature of a model for peeling of an adhesive tape

We investigate the dynamics of peeling of an adhesive tape subjected to a constant pull speed. Due to the constraint between the pull force, peel angle and the peel force, the equations of motion derived earlier fall into the category of differential-algebraic equations (DAE) requiring an appropriate algorithm for its numerical solution. By including the kinetic energy arising from the stretched part of the tape in the Lagrangian, we derive equations of motion that support stick-slip jumps as a natural consequence of the inherent dynamics itself, thus circumventing the need to use any special algorithm. In the low mass limit, these equations reproduce solutions obtained using a differential-algebraic algorithm introduced for the earlier singular equations. We find that mass has a strong influence on the dynamics of the model rendering periodic solutions to chaotic and vice versa. Apart from the rich dynamics, the model reproduces several qualitative features of the different waveforms of the peel force function as also the decreasing nature of force drop magnitudes.     

高分辨率灰度投影算法及其在电子稳像中的应用

提出一种用于检测图像运动矢量的高分辨率灰度投影算法。灰度投影算法将图像在水平和垂直方向上的灰度投影数据作为图像特征,获得图像运动信息,一般只能达到一个像元精度。而通过采用相关计算进一步细分灰度投影数据,可以提高图像运动特征位置信息的精度,获得亚像元级的图像运动矢量。实验室摇摆台电子稳像实验结果表明,该方法可以有效提高图像运动矢量的计算精度。     

高频振动模糊图像仿真与分析

研究了运动模糊图像在空间域和频域上的数学模型,根据运动图像的模糊原理,提出了时间等分运动模糊图像的仿真方法,仿真了高频振动模糊图像.理论分析指出,物体做高频谐波振动时运动模糊成像的频谱会由于Bessel函数的零点的存在而形成系列条纹,对振动模糊图像的频谱做两次Radon变换能检测出振动的方向和振幅,从而得到高频振动模糊...     

基于Harris角点全局运动估计的场景锁定算法

场景锁定技术是视频跟踪领域的一个关键技术,需要对图像的全局运动进行估计,常用的运动估计算法由于计算量大、对噪声敏感等因素很难得到实际应用。为了减少运动估计的计算量,提高全局运动估计的精度,提出了一种基于Harris角点全局运动估计的场景锁定方法。将图像分成4×4的16个块,选取每个块中响应值最大的角点,以参考图像角点周围矩形块与待匹配图像进行匹配,然后利用RANSAC算法对角点进行一致性检测,利用最小二乘法解算全局运动参数,最后计算图像之间的累积运动。实验结果表明,该算法运动估计精度高,稳定性好,能较好地实现场景锁定。     

三维相位展开算法在精密运动测试中的应用

三维相位展开算法将基于空间的相位展开算法拓展到时间轴上,包含了一维时间和二维空间信息,适合于运动测试。通过建立一维时间相位展开算法的数学模型,分析了该算法运动测试的基本原理,讨论了在精密测试中的使用方法和适用范围,并对微谐振器的微结构进行运动测试。实验表明,算法在相位展开中引入时间信息,不仅消除了形变测量中需选取静止点为相位参考点或参考平面的限制,还可以同时测量物体表面某点纳米级的离面运动曲线和表面形变。     

Improved optimization strategies for autofocusing motion compensation in MRI via the analysis of image metric maps

Autofocusing is a postprocessing technique for motion correction, which optimizes an image quality metric against various trial motions. In this work, image metric maps, which are measures of image quality plotted as a function of in-plane 2-D trial translations, are systematically studied to develop improved autofocusing motion correction algorithms. It is shown that determining object motion with autofocusing is equivalent to an image metric map optimization problem. These maps provide insights into the motion compensation process and help improve several aspects of the correction algorithm, including the selection of the image metric and motion search strategy. A highly efficient and robust 2-D global optimization method is devised, exploiting the properties of the metric map pattern. The improved algorithm is used to correct phantom and clinical MR images with in-plane 2-D translational motion and is shown to be more effective than existing methods.     

基于运动检测的多车辆跟踪方法研究

针对交通监控场景中多目标粘连造成跟踪上的困难和前后两帧车辆关联困难,提出了区域运动相似性分割方法和相似度关联矩阵的解决方案;在运动目标检测过程中, 首先使用背景差分法提取运动区域,经过消除缺口、空洞和分离等处理,在运动区域所在范围内进行块匹配搜索和局部光流计算区域运动矢量,然后使用模糊聚类方法对运动矢量区域融合,完整的分割出粘连运动目标;在目标跟踪部分,目标跟踪建立在目标关联的基础上,提出建立连续两帧目标间距离和局部二元模式相似度关联矩阵的方法进行运动目标标定,从而实现多目标关联;使用公共视频库的图像序列进行测试,所提算法都能实现连续的跟踪和准确的运动目标分割,且处理速度快,表明了算法具有鲁棒性和适用性。     

Robust tracking of moving sound source using scaled unscented particle filter

Tracking an active sound source involves the modeling of non-linear non-Gaussian systems. To address this problem, this paper proposed scaled unscented particle filter (SUPF) algorithm for tracking moving sound source. The particle filter part of the SUPF provides the general probabilistic framework to handle non-linear non-Gaussian systems, and the scaled unscented Kalman filter (SUKF) part of the SUPF generates better proposal distributions by taking into account the most recent observation. Meanwhile, models used in SUPF algorithm were also explored for the sound source motion, observation and the likelihood of the sound source location in the light of the Langevin process. Compared with the conventional PF approach, the simulated results demonstrated that the SUPF algorithm had superior tracking performance.     

Evaluation and improvement of digital image correlation uncertainty in dynamic conditions

Dealing with a moving target causes a motion effect (i.e. blurring) on the acquired images. This factor is an important source of measurement uncertainty while exploiting the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate and improve DIC uncertainty in dynamic conditions in the case of translating target. The study focuses on 2D DIC. In the case of 3D DIC similar problems arise, and therefore a complete understanding of two dimensional conditions will be of great help for further studies which deal with 3D conditions. The whole work can be divided into two main parts. In the first part, two different methods to simulate the motion effect on a reference image are proposed, discussed and validated. These methods allow simulating the acquired images in a real dynamic test and estimating the measurement uncertainty caused by the motion effect. The validation is performed by conducting several harmonic vibration tests with an electromagnetic shaker. In the second part of the study a numerical technique is proposed to estimate the motion effect present in an acquired image. This technique gives two main advantages. First of all, since the motion effect itself has a known influence on the uncertainty of measurement (first part of the study), we can predict the DIC׳s uncertainty by just having an acquired image. Furthermore, this numerical technique is used in the last part of this work to improve the performances of DIC in dynamic applications. In this way the bias error and the uncertainty of measurements were considerably decreased.     

Fast algorithm for numerically integrating equations of motion for large particles in microwave devices

An algorithm for numerically integrating the equations of motion for large particles is formulated. The algorithm is represented in three forms—an explicit form, a predictor—corrector form, and a modified form that is intended for simulating the motion of relativistic particles in an electromagnetic field. The order of precision of the proposed algorithm is analyzed. The results of a comparison with standard algorithms are presented. The efficiency of this algorithm is demonstrated in considering the test example of a harmonic oscillator and in numerically simulating the Pierce diode in the mode of virtual-cathode formation.     

Bearings-Only Target Motion Analysis Using a Dual-Waveband Infrared System

Infrared systems are widely used for target detection, designation and tracking. For example, an Infrared Search and Track (IRST) system, as a typical airborne or shipboard detecting device, is widely equipped for the remote target detection and tracking. In recent years, the problem of target motion analysis (TMA) and tracking has been studied increasingly extensively. In an airborne infrared system, the problem becomes more difficult due to absence of range information. In this paper, the infrared model and motion model of typical aerial targets are described. An airborne dual-waveband IRST system, which is quite familiar nowadays, is choosed for implementation of target motion analysis. Based on the above, a novel and more practical algorithm of target tracking via bearings-only measurements is formed and the major parameters are defined according to a typical airborne dual-waveband IRST system. Finally, data simulation is implemented, and the results demonstrate the new algorithm has a better performance than before for bearings-only target tracking.     

飞轮微振动与整星耦合特性参数补偿算法研究

为了提高飞轮与整星耦合特性影响成像像移理论预估的精度,提出了一种星上飞轮安装刚度和阻尼参数的数值补偿算法.首先,建立补偿算法数学模型,基于飞轮径向摇摆模态以及线性整星微振动传递函数模型,通过联合飞轮在专用测量平台上的扰振实测数据以及星上安装后所致成像像移实测数据构建优化函数,实现对星上飞轮安装刚度以及阻尼参数的补偿.其次,采用该算法对某型号卫星上的飞轮安装刚度以及阻尼进行了补偿和估计,最后对参数补偿前后的飞轮扰振所致像移分别进行理论预估与对比.对比结果表明:参数补偿后的预估像移数据较补偿前预估像移数据更接近实测像移数据且径向摇摆模态固有频率曲线更加明显,证明此参数补偿算法可行.本研究显著降低了整星微振动分析过程中飞轮在星上安装刚度与测试平台安装刚度不一致所带来的分析误差,为飞轮与整星耦合特性安装等效参数求解提供了一种思路.     

基于遥感图像及工程参数的全局像移探测算法

相邻两片成像传感器的拼接区能够形成具有相同目标景物的图像, 是提炼像移信息的关键, 具有相同目标景物的图像并非贯穿于每次成像任务全程, 无相同目标景物期间的像移估计问题仍然存在。提出基于遥感图像及工程参数的全局像移探测算法, 试图对包含无相同目标景物期间在内的像移进行全覆盖探测。根据拼接区成像特点, 将成像过程分为无相同目标景物和有相同目标景物两个阶段:在无相同目标景物阶段, 利用工程参数计算像移的低频分量, 建立基于拼接区图像和像移低频分量的目标函数, 衡量像移曲线与低频分量之间的偏离程度; 采用最速下降法搜索偏离度最小值点, 作为无相同目标景物期间像移的最优估计; 推导有相同目标景物期间的像移计算公式, 利用无相同目标景物期间的估计值求解像移。以XX-1号空间光学遥感器为实验对象, 检测到0.133 Hz、7 pixels左右的像移, 可探测的时间范围包含最初226 ms的无相同目标景物阶段, 且显著削弱了盲点处的像移测量偏差。实验结果证明, 提出的算法能够对包含无相同目标景物期间的全局像移进行有效测量。     

A variational approach to image registration in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the human kidney

Kidney function can be accessed by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) measurements which yield spatially resolved maps of physiological parameters like perfusion or filtration. The motion of the kidneys during the scan is a dominant limitation of the measurement quality, and image registration is necessary for accurate quantification. We analyzed the feasibility of applying an algorithm, originally developed for multimodal registration, to kidney perfusion time series. The algorithm uses a variational calculation scheme to align the images. In four out of five data sets, kidney motion could be reduced to below the spatial resolution of the images of 1.6 mm while preserving the enhancement pattern of kidney perfusion. Fitting a pharmacokinetic model to the data showed an average reduction of the Akaike fit error of 10% for the registered data, suggesting more stable parameters. We conclude that this image registration algorithm is feasible for correcting kidney motion in renal DCE-MRI.     

Using Laser Measuring and SFM Algorithm for Fast 3D Reconstruction of Objects

Effective measurement of the reflective or transparent surface of an object has always been a disadvantage in laser scanning modeling. We propose a fast and complete three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method for small static objects using laser scanning and the structure from motion (SFM) algorithm. Meanwhile, a complete reconstruction workflow is designed and a multi-angle 3d reconstruction system is set up. To generate the complete point cloud model of the object, the SFM algorithm is used to reconstruct the surface part of the object, the data for which cannot be obtained by the laser measuring instrument. The experimental results show that this method not only improves the speed, accuracy, integrity, and visual effect of 3D reconstruction of small objects, but also extends the scope of 3D reconstruction of laser measurement.     

基于红外图像编码的运动预测相关算法

针对运动预测过程中单一匹配准则的不足提出了一种联合匹配准则,能较好地处理小目标的灰度渐变。基于运动预测过程中不断进行的像素块匹配运算提出了一种新的像素抽样算法,该算法使得运算量大大减少,匹配精度逼近全像素匹配算法。这两种技术的综合应用使得整个运动预测效率有较大改善。     

An effective PSO-based power allocation for target tracking in MIMO radar with widely separated antennas

In MIMO radar with widely separated antennas, the antennas are spaced far from each other and the target is seen from different angles. In this type of radars, each receiver collects all transmit signals and transmits them to the central processor unit. Power allocation is an important part of military operations. Therefore, it is a primary factor that requires to be taken into account in the designing of target tracking problems in MIMO radar. In fact, the power allocation finds an optimum strategy to allot power to transmit antennas with the goal of minimizing the target tracking errors under specified transmit power constraints. In this paper, the performance of power allocation for target tracking in MIMO radar with widely separated antennas is investigated. For this purpose, first, a MIMO radar with distributed antennas is configured and a target motion model using the constant velocity (CV) method is modeled. Then Joint Cramer Rao bound (CRB) for target parameters (joint target position and velocity) estimation error is computed. This is applied as a power allocation problem objective function. Because a complex Gaussian model is considered for target radar cross-section (RCS), this function becomes complicated. Due to the nonlinearity of this objective function, the proposed power allocation problem is nonconvex. Therefore, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) -based power allocation algorithm is proposed to solve it. In simulation experiments, the performance of the proposed algorithm in different conditions such as a different number of antennas and antenna geometry configurations is evaluated. Results prove the validity of the proposed algorithm.