Ni I oscillator strengths

Oscillator strengths of 150 Ni I lines in the spectral range 2800–6200 Å have been obtained by emission and from hook measurements. Relative sets of ?-values were determined by combining emission measurements on a hollow cathode with hook measurements in a high-temperature furnace. No assumption concerning the plasma state is used, and no temperature determination is required. The relative measurements have been placed on an absolute scale by using lifetime data. The uncertainty of the ?-values is 13% on average. Comparisons are made with the results of other authors.     

Oscillator strengths of neutral and singly ionised molybdenum

Oscillator strengths of 174 Mo(I) and 58 Mo(II) lines in the range 2470–5570 Å were obtained from wall-stabilised arc and hollow cathode measurements. Sets of relative f-values were determined by a combination of hook and emission measurements requiring no assumptions concerning the plasma state. The sets have been enlarged considerably by evaluating spectra recorded with a Fourier spectrometer. The relative Mo(I) f-values were converted to an absolute scale by means of radiative lifetimes measured by P. Zimmermann and his group. The overall uncertainties are within 10–35%. Since lifetimes of Mo(II) levels are not yet available, only relative Mo(II) f-values are presented.     

Spectroscopic analysis of Pr3+:CaYAlO4 crystal

The polarized absorption, emission spectra and decay time measurements of Pr³⁺-doped CaYAlO₄ single crystal have been performed at room temperature. Based on the Judd–Ofelt theory, the spectroscopic parameters \(\Upomega_{t} (t = 2,4,6)\) , radiative transition probabilities, radiative lifetimes and branching ratios were obtained. The stimulated emission cross-section, fluorescence lifetimes and the quantum efficiency of the promising laser transition were also calculated and compared with other reported crystals. The results show that Pr³⁺:CaYAlO₄ is a promising candidate for visible solid-state laser emission.     

Measurement of ultraviolet Argon(II) transition probabilities

The transition probabilities of twelve Ar(II) lines around 300nm have been measured in a stationary arc experiment at 1 atm. The reported data are based on absolute intensities, calibrated by the continuum radiation of a high temperature hydrogen plasma. For two lines the maximum emission coefficient at 26500 K has been used for an immediate determination of the respective A_mn-values. These data serve for temperature measurements at lower arc currents, where the other lines are investigated. The results, the uncertainty of which should be below ±15%, agree satisfactorily with coulomb approximation calculations, but show severe discrepancies as compared with more recent NBS tables.     

Optical absorption and emission of LiYF4:Pr3+

The optical absorption, emission and excitation spectra of Pr³⁺ ions in LiYF₄ have been measured. Energy transfer is observed and an estimate of the energy transfer rate is made. The temperature dependence of the emission lifetimes for Pr³⁺ and Er³⁺ and the Judd-Ofelt theory were used to make this determination. The energy levels responsible for the various transitions have been assigned previously by Esterowitz et al. and the polarized optical absorption and emission data presented in this paper are in agreement with their excellent work.     

Investigation of irradiated 1H-Benzo[b]pyrrole by ESR,thermal methods and learning algorithm

1H-Benzo[b]pyrrole samples were irradiated in the air with gamma source at 0.969?kGy per hour at room temperature for 24, 48 and 72?h. After irradiation, electron spin resonance, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements were immediately carried out on the irradiated and unirradiated samples. The ESR measurements were performed between 320 and 400?K. ESR spectra were recorded from the samples irradiated for 48 and 72?h. The obtained spectra were observed to be dependent on temperature. Two radical-type centres were detected on the sample. Detected radiation-induced radicals were attributed to R-^+?NH and R=^?CC₂H₂. The g-values and hyperfine constants were calculated by means of the experimental spectra. It was also determined from TGA spectrum that both the unirradiated and irradiated samples were decomposed at one step with the rising temperature. Moreover, a theoretical study was presented. Success of the machine learning methods was tested. It was found that bagging techniques, which are widely used in the machine learning literature, could optimise prediction accuracy noticeably.     

Application of multi-channel analysis techniques to beam-foil spectroscopy of neutral cobalt in the region 3000 Å to 3950 Å

A new experimental arrangement is described which is designed for measuring lifetimes of levels of low ionization states of heavy elements using the beam-foil technique. The method is applied to obtain lifetimes of 14 CoI transitions in the spectral range 3000 Å to 3950 Å. Our results are found to be in excellent agreement with the lifetime of the levels which have been measured previously using dye-laser excitation. Thef-values derived from our results indicate that the temperature correction proposed by Degenkolb and Griffiths greatly improves the accuracy of the Corliss and Bozman data, and also show remarkable consistency with the semi-empirical values tabulated by Kurucz and Peytremann. Finally, our newf-values are used to obtain a cobalt photospheric abundance given by logN(Co)=4.75±0.05.     

Spectroscopic Properties of Yb3+-doped Borate Glasses

The spectroscopic properties of Yb3+-doped some borate glasses have been determined from absorption and emission measurements at room temperature. The emission cross sections range from approximately 1.0 to 1.7 pm2. Systematic variations of the spectroscopic properties with glass composition and activator concentration can be used to optimize emission cross-sections and fluorescence lifetimes.     

Spectroscopic Properties of Yb 3 doped Borate Glasses

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Electronic states and transition probabilities of the Au center in KCl

The emission spectra and lifetimes of the Au^— center in KCl crystals were measured. The Au^— concentration was measured by counting the activity of a radioactive tagged sample to determine the oscillator strength of the electronic transitions. The lifetime of the A'emission is calculated from the oscillator strength and is close to the experimental value of 103 ns at 4 K. The lifetimes and intensities of the Au^— emission bands C', B', A' and were measured between 4 and 500 K. The A'emission consists of a fast and slow decaying component. Time-resolved emission spectroscopy improved the measurements of the emission. From the temperature dependence of the lifetimes and intensities it is found that the radiating states of the A' and emission ³T_1u and ³A_1u are coupled by radiationless transitions. These transitions and the radiationless transitions from the excited state of the B' emission must be described as transitions between weakly coupled states similar to the radiationless transitions in rare earth ions. The excited state of an absorption band at 236 nm is responsible for the C' emission. Both the C' emission and the 236 nm absorption are phonon-induced transitions. The most probable explanation for the C' excited state is that the C' as well as the B' excited states come from the atomic state ³P₂ which is split into ³T_2u and ³E_u by the crystal field. The splitting energy is 0.9 eV and implies that one should look for the same effect in other s² centers.     

Time resolved studies of intersubband relaxation in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells below the optical phonon energy using a free electron laser

The problem of intersubband relaxation in GaAs/GaAs quantum wells, where the energy separation of the two lowest subbands is smaller than the optical phonon energy, is considered. Time resolved pump-and-probe measurements are performed with a far-infrared free-electron laser on two multiquantum well samples with similar thicknesses (≈300 Å), but different doping and mobilities. The measured lifetimes are shorter than could be explained by acoustic phonon emission alone. Monte-Carlo calculations show the importance of electron–electron scattering for thermalization of the hot electron distribution function and subsequent optical phonon emission from the long thermal tail.     

Transition probabilities of Cr(I) and Cr(II) lines lying between 422 and 485 nm,using emission measurements from a wall stabilized arc

The arc emission method has been employed to measure transition probabilities for two hundred and seventy five lines of Cr(I) (of which thirty-five are blended) and for twenty-six lines of Cr(II) lying between 422 and 484 nm. The spectra were photographed by means of a large grating spectrograph. Plasma diagnostics were carefully performed to obtain accurate values of temperatures.The absolute scale was established for Cr(I) lines using precisely known A_mn-values derived from life-time measurements for the resonance lines; for the Cr(II) lines, our absolute scale is based on accurate measurements for the line at 4242.56 Å. The smallest and largest errors estimated for the A_mn-values are ±10% and ±40%. There is generally good agreement with previous experimental data, although our values sometimes deviate by factor of 2–3 from the calculated estimates.     

Spectroscopic Properties of Yb 3 doped Phosphate GlassesSupported by Natianal Natural Science Foudation of China under project 69578026.

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He-Ne激光照射对SP2/0骨髓瘤小鼠TNF及TNFR水平的影响

The emission cross section for the 2F5/2-2F7/2 transition of Yb3+ has been determined from absorption and emission measurements of some phosphate glasses at room temperature. The emission cross sections and fluorescence lifetime range from approximately 1.00 to 1.65 pm2, 0.3～2.0 ms, respectively. Systematic variations of the spectroscopic properties with glass composition can be used to tailor emission cross sections and fluorescence lifetimes.     

Spectroscopy of infrared transitions of Pr ions in Ga-Ge-Sb-Se glasses

Electronic transitions of Pr³⁺ ions in Ga-Ge-Sb-Se glasses corresponding to emissions in the infrared region were studied by means of absorption and emission spectroscopies and fluorescence lifetimes measurements. Transition probabilities, radiative lifetimes, branching ratios, and quantum efficiencies of most of the emission transitions including the infrared ones occurring around 1.3, 1.7, and 2.4 μm were estimated based on a standard Judd-Ofelt analysis.     

Toluene laser-induced fluorescence for in-cylinder temperature imaging in internal combustion engines

A single-laser single-camera imaging technique was demonstrated for in-cylinder temperature distribution measurements in a direct-injection internal combustion engine. The single excitation wavelength two-color detection technique is based on toluene laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Toluene-LIF emission spectra show a red-shift with increasing temperature. Temperature can thus be determined from the ratio of the signal measured in two separate wavelength ranges independent of the local tracer concentration, laser pulse energy, and the intensity distribution. An image doubling and filtering system is used for the simultaneous imaging of two wavelength ranges of toluene LIF onto the chip of a single camera upon excitation at 248 nm. The measurements were performed in a spark-ignition engine with homogeneous charge and yielded temperature images with a single-shot precision of approximately ±?6%.     

The spectroscopic investigation of the fluorescence decay time of the anthracene crystal

Using single-photon counting technique measurements of fluorescence decay curves of anthracene crystals have been performed at room and 4.2°K temperatures. Different lifetimes have been found in different emission lines at 4.2°K. The fluorescence rise in some emission lines of intrinsic luminescence has been interpreted as a result of two-step mechanism of excitonic fluorescence of the anthracene crystal.     

Temperature-dependent optical properties of wurtzite InN

Optical properties and carrier recombination dynamics of a series of InN epilayers, with varying free electron concentrations, grown by molecular beam epitaxy were studied by steady-state photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved differential transmission spectroscopy. At room temperature strong PL around 0.7 eV was observed. Temperature-dependent PL measurements show a redshift of the peak energy and a linear increase of the emission linewidth with temperature. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that room temperature carrier lifetimes are inversely proportional to the free electron concentrations for theses samples. Carrier lifetime as long as 1.3 ns was observed in the best quality sample, indicating a highly improved crystalline quality.     

Er3+掺杂Ge-Ga-S-KBr硫卤玻璃的中红外发光和多声子弛豫的研究

用熔融急冷法制备了系列不同Er3+离子掺杂浓度的Ge-Ga-S-KBr硫卤玻璃,测试了样品折射率、吸收光谱、中红外荧光光谱。通过吸收光谱计算了Er3+离子吸收谱线的振子强度,应用Judd-Ofelt理论计算分析了Er3+离子在Ge-Ga-S-KBr硫卤玻璃中的强度参数Ωi ( i = 2 , 4 , 6) 、自发辐射跃迁几率A、荧光分支比?和辐射寿命?rad等光谱参数。研究了808nm激光泵浦下样品中红外荧光特性与掺杂浓度之间变化关系,并用Futchbauer-Ladenburg公式分别计算了2.8?m处的受激发射截面。结果表明,在808nm 激光泵浦下观察到了2.8?m中红外荧光,分别对应于Er3+： 4I11/2?4I13/2跃迁,当Er3+离子掺杂浓度从0.4wt%增加到1.0wt%时,中红外荧光强度都随相应增加,计算的Er3+:4I11/2?4I13/2跃迁多声子驰豫速率分别为37 s-1。     

Testing Fluorescence Lifetime Standards using Two-Photon Excitation and Time-Domain Instrumentation: Rhodamine B,Coumarin 6 and Lucifer Yellow

Having good information about fluorescence lifetime standards is essential for anyone performing lifetime experiments. Using lifetime standards in fluorescence spectroscopy is often regarded as a straightforward process, however, many earlier reports are limited in terms of lifetime concentration dependency, solvents and other technical aspects. We have investigated the suitability of the fluorescent dyes rhodamine B, coumarin 6, and lucifer yellow as lifetime standards, especially to be used with two-photon excitation measurements in the time-domain. We measured absorption and emission spectra for the fluorophores to determine which wavelengths we should use for the excitation and an appropriate detector range. We also measured lifetimes for different concentrations, ranging from 10^?2– 10^?6 M, in both water, ethanol and methanol solutions. We observed that rhodamine B lifetimes depend strongly on concentration. Coumarin 6 provided the most stable lifetimes, with a negligible dependency on concentration and solvent. Lucifer yellow lifetimes were also found to depend little with concentration. Finally, we found that a mix of two fluorophores (rhodamine B/coumarin 6, rhodamine B/lucifer yellow, and coumarin 6/lucifer yellow) all yielded very similar lifetimes from a double-exponential decay as the separate lifetimes measured from a single-exponential decay. All lifetime measurements were made using two-photon excitation and obtaining lifetime data in the time-domain using time-correlated single-photon counting.