桥环化合物环数的计算方法

总结了 7种计算桥环化合物环数的方法。重点介绍了由A .Srikrishna提出的一种简便方法 ,并将此法应用于有机杂环化合物环数的确定 ,得到了满意结果     

桥环化合物环数的计算方法

桥环化合物的命名例解如下:二环[3.2.1]辛烷,名称中词头“二环”(或称“双环”)为该桥环化合物的环数,“辛烷”表示环碳原子总数为8的烷烃,方括号中的数字表示除桥头碳原子外,每个桥上所含的碳原子数,从大到小依次排列. 对于一些较简单的桥环化合物来说,命名没有多大困难.但对于一些较复杂的桥环化合物来说,常会发生一些困难.如桥环化合物俗名分别称为四面体烷和立方烷的,它们的系统命名是什么?却不是一下子就能     

五员碳环、氮环和磷环比较的量子化学研究

用密度泛函(DFT)理论中的B3LYP和从头算(abinitio)理论中UHF,在6-31G基组水平上,对五员碳环、氮环和磷环进行几何优化计算,由所得结果讨论了分子的成键情况,对两类环(一类是C5H5、N5、P5;另一类是C5H5-、N5-和P5-)的相对稳定性分别作比较。结果表明:有机五员碳环比无机五员氮环、磷环稳定,而五员氮环与五员磷环相比,磷环更稳定。     

桥环化合物环数的计算与命名

近年来,有关桥环化合物及具有笼形结构的脂环化合物的报道很多,合成了多种新型结构的化合物,给化学教学增添了新内容,引起了学生的很大兴趣.为便于教学,许多专家和学者对桥环化合物的环数计算进行了归纳总结[1-4].在修改本文时又高兴地看到2篇最新报道[5,6],这正说明大家在教学中遇到了同样的问题,从不同的角度去理解它.本文是根据对学生辅导时的体会写成的,因而,也许更通俗些.……     

桥环化合物环数的计算与命名

近年来,有关桥环化合物及具有笼形结构的脂环化合物的报道很多,合成了多种新型结构的化合物,给化学教学增添了新内容,引起了学生的很大兴趣.为便于教学,许多专家和学者对桥环化合物的环数计算进行了归纳总结[1-4].在修改本文时又高兴地看到2篇最新报道[5,6],这正说明大家在教学中遇到了同样的问题,从不同的角度去理解它.本文是根据对学生辅导时的体会写成的,因而,也许更通俗些.     

环戊叉基环戊酮的烷基化反应研究

研究了环戊叉基环戊酮与不同类型烷化剂的反应规律；讨论了不同催化剂对烷基化反应的催化性能，发现ＮａＮＨ２和ＮａＨ具有较好的催化作用；讨论了烷基化产物的结构，证实了烷基化反应发生在羰基的α双键碳原子上。     

桥环化合物环数的计算与命名

近年来, 有关桥环化合物及具有笼形结构的脂环化合物的报道很多, 合成了多种新型结构的化合物, 给化学教学增添了新内容, 引起了学生的很大兴趣。     

苯稠环芳烃的环电流与芳香性

芳香烃含有环电流的理论,首先由Pauling在1936年对芳烃的抗磁各向异性进行研究中提出,次年由London应用LCAO分子轨道理论对π-电子的抗磁磁化率进行了计算。London的方法虽然用量子力学进行了计算,但是,只讨论了环电流对抗磁磁化率的影响,没有讨论到环电流本身。以后,Pople和McWeeny分别对London的计算法加以改进,用他     

环张力促进的叠氮-炔环加成反应

近年来,点击化学中的环张力促进的叠氮-炔环加成(SPAAC)反应由于具有高效快速、高选择性和生物正交性等优点被广泛用于生物医学和材料科学等多个领域。SPAAC反应不需要光、热、超声和催化剂等额外的刺激,反应的驱动力来源于高张力的活泼环状炔烃,因此合理设计环状炔烃是SPAAC反应的关键。本文详细归纳了不同环数目的环状炔烃的稳定性和反应活性,总结参与SPAAC的稳定环状炔烃,并讨论了它们参与SPAAC反应的二级反应速率常数。本文还介绍了目前应用广泛的代表性环状炔烃的制备方法研究进展。最后,对无铜催化的SPAAC的应用前景和存在的问题进行讨论和展望。     

也谈桥环、螺环化合物的命名

据中国化学会报告,截止1999年12月31日,人类已知结构的化合物已达到2340万种,立方烷、笼状类的分子监狱(carcerand)、索烯类(Catenane)的分子火车和奥林匹克环{Olympic Ring}等极为复杂的多环分子已被合成,它们独特的结构和特性越来越引起化学工作者的关注和学生的兴趣。其中桥环、螺环化合物是常见的多环化合物。正确地命名这些化合物是了解其他复杂多环化合物的基础。     

Furyl- and thienyl-silatranes and germatranes

We review our research on the synthesis and study of the physical and biological properties of furyl- and thienylgermatranes and -silatranes.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 725–732, June, 1992.     

Review and patents and literature

The use of the insect cell/baculovirus expression system for producing recombinant proteins of bacterial, plant, insect, and mammalian origin has become widespread. The popularity of this eukaryotic expression system is due to many factors, including (1) potentially high protein expression levels, (2) ease and speed of genetic engineering, (3) ability to accommodate large DNA inserts, (4) protein processing similar to higher eukaryotic cells (e.g., mammalian cells), and (5) ease of insect cell growth (e.g., suspension growth). The following review of the literature discusses two engineering aspects of recombinant protein synthesis by insect cell cultures: bioreactor scale-up and insect cell line selection. Following this review patent abstracts and additional literature pertaining to expression of recombinant proteins in insect cell culture are listed.     

Ground- and excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity in benzene and cyclobutadiene

The aromaticity and antiaromaticity of the ground state (S 0), lowest triplet state (T 1), and first singlet excited state (S 1) of benzene, and the ground states (S 0), lowest triplet states (T 1), and the first and second singlet excited states (S 1 and S 2) of square and rectangular cyclobutadiene are assessed using various magnetic criteria including nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS), proton shieldings, and magnetic susceptibilities calculated using complete-active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) wave functions constructed from gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAOs). These magnetic criteria strongly suggest that, in contrast to the well-known aromaticity of the S 0 state of benzene, the T 1 and S 1 states of this molecule are antiaromatic. In square cyclobutadiene, which is shown to be considerably more antiaromatic than rectangular cyclobutadiene, the magnetic properties of the T 1 and S 1 states allow these to be classified as aromatic. According to the computed magnetic criteria, the T 1 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is still aromatic, but the S 1 state is antiaromatic, just as the S 2 state of square cyclobutadiene; the S 2 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is nonaromatic. The results demonstrate that the well-known "triplet aromaticity" of cyclic conjugated hydrocarbons represents a particular case of a broader concept of excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity. It is shown that while electronic excitation may lead to increased nuclear shieldings in certain low-lying electronic states, in general its main effect can be expected to be nuclear deshielding, which can be substantial for heavier nuclei.     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

Syntheses and structures of P-anilino-P-chalcogeno- and P-anilino-P-iminodiazasilaphosphetidines and their group 12 and 13 metal compounds

The P-anilino-P-chalcogeno(imino)diazasilaphosphetidines [Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NHPh)] (E = O (3), S (4), Se (5), N-p-tolyl (6)) were synthesized by oxidizing the P-anilinodiazasilaphosphetidine [Me(2)Si(N(t)Bu)(2)P(NHPh)] (2) with cumene hydroperoxide, sulfur, selenium, and p-tolyl azide, respectively. The lithium salt of 4 reacted with thallium monochloride to produce ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=S(NPh)-kappaN-kappaS]Tl)(7), which features a two-coordinate thallium atom. Treatment of 4-6 with AlMe(3) gave the monoligand dimethylaluminum complexes ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NPh)-kappaN-kappaE]AlMe(2)) (E = S (8), Se (9), N-p-tolyl (10)), respectively. In these complexes the aluminum atom is tetrahedrally coordinated by one chelating ligand and two methyl groups, as a single-crystal X-ray analysis of 8 showed. A 2 equiv amount of 4-6 reacted with diethylzinc to produce the homoleptic diligand complexes ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NPh)-kappaN-kappaE](2)Zn)(E = S (11), Se (12), N-p-tolyl (13)). A crystal-structure analysis of 11 revealed a linear tetraspirocycle with a tetrahedrally coordinated, central zinc atom.     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...