GMA-EDMA-TiO2扩张床介质合成的改进及其在复合干扰素分离纯化中的应用

通过合成条件的改进,得到了一种性能更好的扩张床介质GMA-EDMA-Lipo-TiO2(GELT),其平均密度为1.25g/ml,孔容为0.564ml/g,平均孔径为15.6nm,比表面积为127.58m2/g,渗磨圆球率为95%。研究表明GELT在氢氧化钠溶液是稳定的。同时讨论了甲苯致孔剂对孔结构的影响及二氧化钛添加量对湿真密度的影响;将GELT与二乙胺偶联得到阴离子树脂(GELT-DEAE),在静态和动态条件下,GELT-DEAE吸附量分别88mgBSA/ml、65mgBSA/ml。将GELT-DEAE应用于扩张床直接从发酵液中分离复合干扰素,一步活性收率为75%,后经SPSepharoseFF离子交换层析和CellufastGel01凝胶层析进一步纯化。最后得到的成品其比活为6.82×108IU/mg,与商品干复津(Infergen)的比活相当,纯度为95%。     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法测定蛋黄卵磷脂的含量

建立了蛋黄磷脂中卵磷脂（即磷脂酰胆碱,PC)的高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测（HPLC-ELSD）的测定方法。以Nov a-Pak Silica 60A硅胶柱(3.9 mm i.d.×150 mm,4 μm)为分离柱,正己烷-异丙醇-3%冰醋酸水溶液(体积比为35∶65 ∶8)为流动相，等度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30 ℃。蒸发光散射检测器漂移管温度50 ℃,雾化气(空气)压力350 kPa。在上述条件下测得PC在0.16~1.61 g/L范围内线性关系良好(r2=0.9979),检测限为0.64 μg,方法的精密度为3.2%(n=5),回收率为98.2%~128.2%。将该方法用于实际样品的测定,获得了令人满意的结果。该方 法预处理简单,分析速度快,可用于蛋黄磷脂中卵磷脂的测定。     

离子交换色谱法分离纯化鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白

建立了高效、经济、大规模获得鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白(IgY)的生产方法。在对传统的水稀释法改良的基础上,结合聚乙二醇沉淀与离子交换色谱进行IgY的分离纯化。结果显示,用8倍无菌水稀释蛋黄液,用0.1 mol/L HCl调节pH为5.2,在4 ℃下静置8 h,于5000×g力离心可得上清粗IgY液,经测定回收率可达93.47%。然后用6%聚乙二醇沉淀后经DEAE-Toyopearl 650 M离子交换纯化,最佳的纯化条件: 0.05 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS, pH 7)平衡上样,0.075 mol/L PBS(pH 7)洗脱。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析结果显示所得的IgY的纯度为95.02%,活性保持率高达73.77%。本研究弥补了传统分离方法不能同时达到高纯度和高回收率的缺点,且可用于大规模生产。     

磷脂的分离纯化及高效毛细管电泳分析

采用溶剂提取和柱色谱法分离纯化市售大豆粉末磷脂(卵磷脂含量14.05%),得到高纯度的卵磷脂产品(纯度92.80%)。重点建立了磷脂的胶束电动毛细管色谱(MECC)分离分析方法。以分离度和峰面积为优化指标,对表面活性剂及其浓度、电泳缓冲液pH、有机改性剂及其含量、缓冲液浓度、温度等条件进行优化,确定了最优化电泳条件:电泳缓冲液为35 mmol/L脱氧胆酸钠-1 mmol/L 硼砂缓冲液/正丙醇(体积比为57∶43)(pH 8.30),柱温44 ℃,操作电压25 kV,检测波长200 nm;内加法定性磷脂组分;外标法定量卵磷脂。结果表明,MECC法能有效分离5种磷脂组分;0.1～1 g/L的质量浓度范围内卵磷脂的线性关系良好(r=0.9990),平均回收率为98.0%,日内、日间精密度分别为1.36%和3.27%,定性结果与薄层色谱法、红外光谱法的定性结果相符。     

用流动注射分析法测定强碱性阴离子交换树脂的交换容量

建立了快速测定微量氯离子的FIA分光光度法和快速测定强碱性阴离子交换树脂交换容量的FIA法。本方法将离子交换微型柱导入树脂交换容量的测定中 ,不但获得了很好的精度 (RSD <0 .9% ) ,而且使测定效率提高了近 30倍。优选实验得到的最佳测定条件为再生液流速 0 .5mL/min ,再生剂用量 :333mL/ g,再生剂浓度 :3.0 % (W /V) ;样品液流速 :1 .5mL/min ;树脂交换容量测定温度 :2 5℃± 5℃。     

大孔阳离子交换树脂分离纯化Zwittermicin A

以抑菌圈为指标,通过离子交换法对双效菌素Zwittermicin A进行了分离纯化,并研究其抑菌活性。首先通过静态法比较D151、D113、D001-cc 3种大孔阳离子交换树脂吸附效果,结果表明,D151对ZwittermicinA分离纯化效果最好。利用单因素轮换法,确定了ZwittermicinA的最佳纯化工艺为:上柱样品的最佳pH=7;第1次冲洗液NH4H2PO4的最适浓度为5mmol/L;第2次冲洗液CH3COONH4的最适浓度为30mmol/L;1mol/L氨水洗脱液的最少用量为12.7mL/cm3树脂;Zwittermicin A的总收率达90%以上。利用红外光谱仪对D151树脂的吸附前后进行了分析。     

大孔树脂分离纯化宁夏枸杞总黄酮的研究

考察了NKA-9、S-8、XDA-1、AB-8、HPD-100、HPD-600 6种大孔吸附树脂对宁夏枸杞总黄酮的吸附和解吸性能,筛选出XDA-1树脂的效果最佳;考察了pH值、样液浓度、流速等对XDA-1树脂静态吸附效果的影响;并进行了动态吸附试验,确定出XDA-1树脂动态吸附枸杞总黄酮的最佳条件:样品液浓度为0.25mg/mL,控制流速为0.5mL/min,样品液pH 5;最佳洗脱条件:洗脱液为80%的乙醇水溶液,用量为35mL (5倍柱床体积).在此条件下,枸杞总黄酮含量从27.2%提高到79.8%,回收率为87.4%,表明XDA-1树脂可用于宁夏枸杞总黄酮的分离纯化.     

离子交换树脂层析法分离木糖醇结晶母液

研究了001系列离子交换树脂抗衡阳离子型式、树脂交联度、树脂粒径等因素对木糖醇结晶母液分离为糖组分和糖醇组分的影响.筛选出了具有较好分离效果的 001×8(Ca)(0.15mm～0.30mm)树脂.对柱温、柱长径比、进料量、进料浓度、洗脱速度、洗脱液pH等操作因素进行了分离条件优化.在优化条件下,对未糖醇结晶母液进行分离,得到去除糖组分的糖醇组分回收率为92.3%,完成了木糖醇结晶母液的阶段性分离纯化任务.     

两种氢氧化铁胶体纯化新方法

针对在Fe(OH)3胶体纯化过程中,难以在短时间内获得一定纯度的Fe(OH)3胶体的问题,探究了两种Fe(OH)3胶体纯化的新方法,冷热交替渗析法和混合离子交换树脂法,并且对两种方法的最佳纯化条件及其各自的优劣进行探索。实验结果表明:使用冷热交替渗析法,60°C热水浴渗析35 min后冷水浴渗析15 min,胶体的电导率可达560μS?cm-1;而混合离子交换树脂法,当阴阳离子交换树脂的总质量为10 g,且质量比为1:1,粗胶体的体积为45 m L时,胶体的电导率可降至42μS?cm-1。两种方法各有优劣,在教学实践过程中可根据实际情况灵活选择。     

盐析色层

色层分离中应用离子交换树脂作为固定相以分离或纯化各种物质的方法,简便而有效,且能分离性质非常相近的物质。近来已成为一个化学的单元操作而获得广泛的应用。离子交换树脂在色层分离中作为固定相而加以应用的可概括为三:(1)离子交换色层(ion exchange chromatogra-phy),是以离子交换树脂为固定相,用电解质溶液(酸、碱或中性盐)为淋洗剂,分离二种或更多种的电解质混合物,如碱金属、希土元素、卤素离子及超铀元素等。(2)离子排斥的方法(ion exclusion),是以离子交换树脂为固定相,用水为淋洗剂,分离电解质与非电解质的混合物。这种方法广泛地用以纯化各种有机物质如葡萄糖、甘油等。(3)盐析色层(salting-out chromatography),是以离子交换树脂为固定相,不同浓度的盐溶液为淋洗剂,分离二种或多种的水溶性非电解质混合物。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).