无序”课堂,无限活力——基于物理课堂的预设和生成

虽然大家都知道新课程理念强调人的发展,要更多的强调课堂的生成性.但是多年形成的老的教学观还是难以颠覆,在我们的物理课堂上,不在少数的老师上课、备课的实际核心思想还是以教师为主,以预设为主,以完成所谓“教学目标”作为核心任务.对于学生的课堂生成,鲜有考虑.导致物理课堂教学最终落实的是知识传授和解题技巧,落空的是能力培养和个性发展.因此,我们仍然要在教学改革的道路上继续披荆斩棘,正确认识和把握课堂预设和生成的关系,从思想上接纳新的教学观和新的学生观.     

例谈物理课堂教学的预设和生成

结合教学实践例谈如何处理好课堂教学的预设与生成两者的辩证关系——重构教学预设、催化课堂动态生成,寻求动态平衡也许是做到物理课堂教学预设与动态生成和谐统一的良策.     

生成性课堂教学如何处理生成与预设的关系

新课程背景下,生成性课堂成为了物理课堂组织的一种重要形式,生成性课堂是真实的、自然的师生互动课堂,是静态"预设"与动态"生成"和谐统一的过程,本文就生成性课堂教学如何处理生成与预设的关系,让生成性课堂更精彩,课堂绽放预约与无法预约的美丽之花。     

基于大学物理实验第二层次教学的学生创新能力培养探讨

从第二层次大学物理实验教学、全国大学生物理学术竞赛和大学生创新能力培养之间关系的角度,分析了大学物理实验第二层次教学和大学生物理学术竞赛中存在的学生能力培养不足的问题.提出了在大学物理第二层次实验教学中,通过深挖学生创新能力培养的内涵,并与全国大学生物理学术竞赛成果相融合来提高学生创新能力培养的途径.     

基于证据意识的物理科学素养的培养--以“力的作用是相互的”教学为例

义务教育物理课程标准指出,物理课程不仅应注重科学知识的传授和技能的训练,而且应注重对学生学习兴趣、探究能力、创新意识以及科学态度、科学精神等方面的培养.基于证据意识的培养,就是培养学生实事求是的科学态度、逻辑严谨的科学思维、勇于创新的科学态度,是培养学生物理科学素养的核心环节.本文以苏科版物理8年级下册第8章第4节“力的作用是相互的”的教学为例,谈谈在物理教学中如何在证据意识下培养学生的科学素养.     

开展探究学习活动,提高物理教学的有效性

新物理课程标准把培养学生的科学探究能力作为一项重要的内容明确提出来,强调"高中物理课程应促进学生自主学习,让学生积极参与、乐于探究、勇于实验、勤于思考.通过多样化的教学方式,帮助学生学习物理知识与技能,培养其科学探究能力,使其逐步形成科学态度与科学精神."探究学习活动是有很强的自主性和合作性,更能在学生情感、态度、价值观的培养和陶冶方面发挥重要作用.事实上探究学习活动已受到大多数物理教师的高度关注,本文结合笔者的实践谈一些体会.     

思维对话在物理教学中的应用

在物理教学中,不管是在教师课前预设时,还是在课堂生成中,通过案例,论述了通过思维对话,有效克服认知惯性,有助于物理概念形成;排除直觉定势,加深对物理思想理解;寻找解题思路,形成问题情境;避免认知局限,共享智慧资源等功效.     

谈物理课外实验教学的尝试与探索

目前物理教师只关注课内实验教学,但对课外实验教学重视不够.本文指出了物理课外实验与课内实验的不同,探讨了物理课外实验教学在培养学生成为问题的研究者中的作用,并举例说明了在物理课外实验教学方面的尝试.     

充分发挥学生实验的作用

培养学生的实验能力是物理教学的重要任务之一 ,而培养实验能力最重要的手段是学生分组实验 .通过学生直接参与实验 ,理论联系实际 ,其实验能力才会得到培养和提高 .因此 ,学生实验在物理教学中具有十分重要的作用 .1　通过学生实验 ,提高实验技能和技巧学生实验是在学生动手操     

分层次递进式物理实验教学新模式的实践

落实与实践大学物理实验课程基本要求,积极优化课程结构,改进物理实验课程对人才的培养模式,是培养学生实验与创新能力、保障课程培养质量的重要前提.以《理工科类大学物理实验课程教学基本要求》为指导,我们提出了分层次递进式的实验课程教学新模式,经多年实践证明,该模式有利于激发学生的实验兴趣和拓展实验研究个性,满足不同层次、不同专业学生对实验能力和创新能力培养的需要,为全面提升物理实验课程在人才培养中的作用和地位发挥了积极的作用.     

Point defects on graphene on metals

Understanding the coupling of graphene with its local environment is critical to be able to integrate it in tomorrow's electronic devices. Here we show how the presence of a metallic substrate affects the properties of an atomically tailored graphene layer. We have deliberately introduced single carbon vacancies on a graphene monolayer grown on a Pt(111) surface and investigated its impact in the electronic, structural, and magnetic properties of the graphene layer. Our low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy studies, complemented by density functional theory, show the existence of a broad electronic resonance above the Fermi energy associated with the vacancies. Vacancy sites become reactive leading to an increase of the coupling between the graphene layer and the metal substrate at these points; this gives rise to a rapid decay of the localized state and the quenching of the magnetic moment associated with carbon vacancies in freestanding graphene layers.     

基于Matlab分析负荷对多联机IPLV的影响

多联机有其特殊的优点,但是不同部分负荷的组合对IPLV的影响仍需进一步研究。文中建立IPLV与部分负荷的相关公式,运用MATLAB软件分析不同卸载级负荷与IPLV的关系,从而确定不同部分负荷的最优组合。     

Remarks on KdV-type flows on star-shaped curves

We study the relation between the centro-affine geometry of star-shaped planar curves and the projective geometry of parametrized maps into RP¹. We show that projectivization induces a map between differential invariants and a bi-Poisson map between Hamiltonian structures. We also show that a Hamiltonian evolution equation for closed star-shaped planar curves, discovered by Pinkall, has the Schwarzian KdV equation as its projectivization. (For both flows, the curvature evolves by the KdV equation.) Using algebro-geometric methods and the relation of group-based moving frames to AKNS-type representations, we construct examples of closed solutions of Pinkall’s flow associated with periodic finite-gap KdV potentials.     

X-ray diffraction on chlorine adsorbed on graphite

Cl₂ layers adsorbed on Grafoil have been investigated by X-ray diffraction between 78 and 285 K. Mono- and submonolayers crystallize in a parallelogram lauttce, incommensurate with the (001) graphite surfaces, the molecules oriented almost perpendicular to the surface. The structure is closely related to that of the (001) planes of three-dimensional solid chlorine. For coverages above the monolayer completion bulk crystalization sets in.     

Note on duality on polarized symplectic manifolds

In this note we use some of the results of [3] to derive a general duality theorem for the cohomologies of foliated structures on a manifold. The result is applied to the special case of a symplectic manifold M on which the foliation is given by a complex polarization F in the sense of geometric quantization. We obtain, for example, a rigorous proof of the fact that for a smooth function ƒ on M whose Hamiltonian vector field leaves F invariant, the spectrum of the corresponding prequantization operator v(ƒ) coincides with the spectrum of its transpose, under the above duality. This latter result was obtained by Simms in [12] under certain hypotheses. Proofs of the validity of those hypotheses are now available in the literature; cf. [3] and [7].     

Space-charge effects on multipactor on a dielectric

Analyzes the effects of space charge shielding on the steady state of a multipactor discharge on a dielectric. Analytic methods are used to obtain an exact function for the potential in the discharge, assuming a Maxwellian distribution of emitted electrons. An equation for the amount of power deposited on the dielectric by the multipactoring electrons, for a given saturation level, is given. A simple method for obtaining the saturation level, for a given material, is obtained