Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Thiophene-2-carboxamide Derivatives and In Silico Docking Studies

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - A novel series of thiophene-2-carboxamide derivatives are designed and synthesized, and their structures are confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR, and mass spectra....     

Thiazole–Chalcone Hybrids as Prospective Antitubercular and Antiproliferative Agents: Design,Synthesis, Biological,Molecular Docking Studies and In Silico ADME Evaluation

Compounds bearing thiazole and chalcone pharmacophores have been reported to possess excellent antitubercular and anticancer activities. In view of this, we designed, synthesized and characterized a novel series of thiazole–chalcone hybrids (1–20) and further evaluated them for antitubercular and antiproliferative activities by employing standard protocols. Among the twenty compounds, chalcones 12 and 7, containing 2,4-difluorophenyl and 2,4-dichlorophenyl groups, showed potential antitubercular activity higher than the standard pyrazinamide (MIC = 25.34 µM) with MICs of 2.43 and 4.41 µM, respectively. Chalcone 20 containing heteroaryl 2-thiazolyl moiety exhibited promising antiproliferative activity against the prostate cancer cell line (DU-145), higher than the standard methotrexate (IC₅₀ = 11 ± 1 µM) with an IC₅₀ value of 6.86 ± 1 µM. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies of these compounds against normal human liver cell lines (L02) revealed that the target molecules were comparatively less selective against L02. Additional computational studies using AutoDock predicted the key binding interactions responsible for the activity and the SwissADME tool computed the in silico drug likeliness properties. The lead compounds generated through this study, create a way for the optimization and development of novel drugs against tuberculosis infections and prostate cancer.     

Synthesis,In vitro Coagulation Activities and Molecular Docking Studies on Three L-Histidine Amide Derivatives

Three novel L-histidine amide derivatives were synthesized and the corresponding chemical structures were characterized by means of melting point analysis, IR, MS, ¹H NMR as well as ¹³C NMR. The coagulation acti- vities of the compounds were evaluated by an MOE(molecular operating environment) docking technique and coagulation test. The results obtained from molecular docking show that the interactions between the compounds and thrombin exhibit procoagulant activity in combination with an improved combinatory effect. Moreover, the results of in vitro coagulation tests show that the L-histidine amide derivatives feature coagulant activities in common coagulation pathways. Compared with the blank control group, the optimal shortening rates of compounds 1―3 were 39.08%(0.5 mmol/L), 22.94%(1.0 mmol/L) and 15.38%(0.0625 mmol/L), respectively.     

Phytochemical Profiling,In Vitro Biological Activities,and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies of Dracaena reflexa

Dracaena reflexa, a traditionally significant medicinal plant, has not been extensively explored before for its phytochemical and biological potential. The present study was conducted to evaluate the bioactive phytochemicals and in vitro biological activities of D. reflexa, and perform in silico molecular docking validation of D. reflexa. The bioactive phytochemicals were assessed by preliminary phytochemical testing, total bioactive contents, and GC-MS analysis. For biological evaluation, the antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and ABTS), antibacterial, thrombolytic, and enzyme inhibition (tyrosinase and cholinesterase enzymes) potential were determined. The highest level of total phenolic contents (92.72 ± 0.79 mg GAE/g extract) was found in the n-butanol fraction while the maximum total flavonoid content (110 ± 0.83 mg QE/g extract) was observed in methanolic extract. The results showed that n-butanol fraction exhibited very significant tyrosinase inhibition activity (73.46 ± 0.80) and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity (64.06 ± 2.65%) as compared to other fractions and comparable to the standard compounds (kojic acid and galantamine). The methanolic extract was considered to have moderate butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activity (50.97 ± 063) as compared to the standard compound galantamine (53.671 ± 0.97%). The GC-MS analysis of the n-hexane fraction resulted in the tentative identification of 120 bioactive phytochemicals. Furthermore, the major compounds as identified by GC-MS were analyzed using in silico molecular docking studies to determine the binding affinity between the ligands and the enzymes (tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes). The results of this study suggest that Dracaena reflexa has unquestionable pharmaceutical importance and it should be further explored for the isolation of secondary metabolites that can be employed for the treatment of different diseases.     

Design,Synthesis, Antibacterial Evaluations and In Silico Studies of Novel Thiosemicarbazides and 1,3,4-Thiadiazoles

The emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains continues to be one of the major challenges of medicine. For this reason, the importance of searching for novel structures of antibacterial drugs chemically different from the currently known antibiotics is still of great importance. In this study, we synthesized the thiosemicarbazide and 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives and tested them for antibacterial activity. In in vitro tests, we examined the activity of the synthesized substances against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains. While all 1,3,4-thiadiazoles tested lacked significant activity, the antimicrobial response of the thiosemicarbazides was moderate and it was also dependent on the type and position of the substituent on the phenyl ring. The highest activity towards all Gram-positive bacteria strains was shown by all three linear compounds containing the trifluoromethylphenyl group in the structure. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values were in the range of 3.9–250 µg/mL. Additionally, we try to explain the mechanism of the antibacterial activity of the tested compounds using the molecular docking to DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, following previous reports on the molecular basis of the activity of thiosemicarbazides. Docking simulations allow the purposing dual mechanism of the antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds through inhibition of topoisomerase IV DNA gyrase with the moderate prevalence of the topoisomerase pathway.     

Biological Activities Evaluation of Enantiopure Isoxazolidine Derivatives: In Vitro,In Vivo and In Silico Studies

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - A series of enantiopure isoxazolidines (3a–c) were synthesized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between a (−)-menthone-derived nitrone and various...     

Design,Synthesis, In Silico and In Vitro Studies of New Immunomodulatory Anticancer Nicotinamide Derivatives Targeting VEGFR-2

VEGFR-2, the subtype receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) responsible for angiogenesis, is expressed in various cancer cells. Thus, VEGFER-2 inhibition is an efficient approach for the discovery of new anticancer agents. Accordingly, a new set of nicotinamide derivatives were designed and synthesized to be VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The chemical structures were confirmed using IR, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. The obtained compounds were examined for their anti-proliferative activities against the human cancer cell lines (HCT-116 and HepG2). VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities were determined for the titled compounds. Compound 8 exhibited the strongest anti-proliferative activities with IC₅₀ values of 5.4 and 7.1 µM against HCT-116 and HepG2, respectively. Interestingly, compound 8 was the most potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 77.02 nM (compare to sorafenib: IC₅₀ = 53.65 nM). Treatment of HCT-116 cells with compound 8 produced arrest of the cell cycle at the G0–G1 phase and a total apoptosis increase from 3.05 to 19.82%—6.5-fold in comparison to the negative control. In addition, compound 8 caused significant increases in the expression levels of caspase-8 (9.4-fold) and Bax (9.2-fold), and a significant decrease in the Bcl-2 expression level (3-fold). The effects of compound 8 on the levels of the immunomodulatory proteins (TNF-α and IL-6) were examined. There was a marked decrease in the level of TNF-α (92.37%) compared to the control (82.47%) and a non-significant reduction in the level of IL-6. In silico docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and MM-PBSA studies revealed the high affinity, the correct binding, and the optimum dynamics of compound 8 inside the active site of VEGFR-2. Finally, in silico ADMET and toxicity studies indicated acceptable values of drug-likeness. In conclusion, compound 8 has emerged as a promising anti-proliferative agent targeting VEGFR-2 with significant apoptotic and immunomodulatory effects.     

Synthesis,In Vitro Biological Evaluation and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies of Indole Based Thiadiazole Derivatives as Dual Inhibitor of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylchloinesterase

The current study was conducted to obtain hybrid analogues of indole-based thiadiazole derivatives (1–16) in which a number of reaction steps were involved. To examine their biological activity in the presence of the reference drug Donepezil (0.21 ± 0.12 and 0.30 ± 0.32 M, respectively), the inhibitory potentials of AChE and BuChE were determined for these compounds. Different substituted derivatives showing a varied range of inhibitory profiles, when compared to the reference drug, analogue 8 was shown to have potent activity, with IC50 values for AchE 0.15 ± 0.050 M and BuChE 0.20 ± 0.10, respectively, while other substituted compounds displayed good to moderate potentials. Varied spectroscopic techniques including ¹H, ¹³CNMR and HREI-MS were used to identify the basic skeleton of these compounds. Furthermore, all analogues have a known structure–activity relationship (SAR), and molecular docking investigations have verified the binding interactions of molecule to the active site of enzymes.     

Synthesis and Molecular Docking Study of Arylsulfanyl Pyrazolylpyrazoline Derivatives as Antitubercular Agents

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry - New arylsulfanyl pyrazolylpyrazoline derivatives were synthesized via a facile protocol, and their structure was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and mass...     

Synthesis,In Silico Studies,and Larvicidal Activity of Novel Hydrazinyl 1,3-Thiazine Derivatives

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry - Looking at the importance of thiazine derivatives as biologically active compounds, herein we describe the synthesis of 4,6-diaryl-2-hydrazinyl-1,3-thiazines...     

Synthesis of New Pyrazole Derivatives,Their Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities,and Molecular Docking Studies

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - A new series of coupled benzofuran derivatives that contain the trifluoromethyl group and pyrazole moiety is synthesized for evaluation of their...     

缩氨基硫脲衍生物的合成及抗菌活性研究

以邻甲苯胺、苯胺或乙醇胺和二硫化碳为原料,经与氨水、氯乙酸钠和水合肼反应,合成了N(4)取代氨基硫脲,再与取代水杨醛或2-乙酰基吡啶进行缩合反应,得到6个缩氨基硫脲化合物3a~3f。抗菌实验结果表明:当质量浓度为1 mg/mL时,化合物3d对革兰氏阳性菌—金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有很强的抑菌活性,对革兰氏阴性菌-大肠杆菌有一定的抑菌活性。      

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Erythromycin Derivatives

Ten new erythromycin antibacterial agents containing amidino group were designed and synthesized from erythromycin via oximation, reduction and condensation. Their structures were confirmed by MS and ^13C NMR; the synthetic condition(reaction medium)was explored; and their in vtiro antibacterial activities were tested. Compound HMA-3 showed antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus, which is equivalent to that of erythromycin A. Compounds HMA-8 and HMA-4 also showed an antibacterial activitiy. But no compound showed bactericidal activity.     

Efficient Synthesis of 2-Aminopyridine Derivatives: Antibacterial Activity Assessment and Molecular Docking Studies

A new and suitable multicomponent one-pot reaction was developed for the synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives. Background: This synthesis was demonstrated by the efficient and easy access to a variety of substituted 2-aminopyridines using enaminones as key precursors under solvent-free conditions. Methods: A range of spectroscopic techniques was used to determine and confirm the chemical structures (FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR). The antimicrobial potency of synthesized compounds (2a–d) was tested using disk diffusion assays, and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for the active compounds was determined against a panel of microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. Moreover, a docking analysis was conducted by Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software to provide supplementary information about the potential, as well as an ADME-T prediction to describe the pharmacokinetic properties of the best compound and its toxicity. Results: The results of the antimicrobial activity indicated that compound 2c showed the highest activity against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly S. aureus and B. subtilis whose MIC values were 0.039 ± 0.000 µg·mL⁻¹. The results of the theoretical study of compound 2c were in line with the experimental data and exhibited excellent antibacterial potential. Conclusions: On the basis of the obtained results, compound 2c can be used as an antibacterial agent model with high antibacterial potency.     

新型12-N-取代苦参酸衍生物的合成及其抗结核活性

以苦参碱为起始原料,经水解开环,羧基保护制得中间体苦参酸甲酯(3);3与烷基溴或取代酰氯分别经烷基化反应、酰基化反应和磺酰化反应在12-N原子上引入不同结构类型的基团制得新化合物——12-N-取代基苦参丁甲酯(5a~5d);5再经酯水解或Li ALH4还原反应合成了一系列新型的12-N-取代基苦参酸或12-N-取代基苦参酸丁醇,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-ESI-MS表征。初步的体外生物活性测试结果表明,12-N-正十二烷基苦参丁甲酯具有较佳的抗结核活性,对敏感结核菌株H37Rv的MIC为8.0μg·m L-1。     

Design,Synthesis, and In Vivo and In Silico Evaluation of Coumarin Derivatives with Potential Antidepressant Effects

In this study, a series of coumarin derivatives were designed and synthesized, their structures were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) testing methods. In the pharmacological experiment, two behavior-monitoring methods, the forced swim test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST), were used to determine the antidepressant activity of coumarin derivatives. Compounds that showed potential activity were analyzed for their effects on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in the brains of mice. Molecular docking experiments to simulate the possible interaction of these compounds with the 5-HT_1A receptor was also be predicted. The results of the pharmacological experiments showed that most coumarin derivatives exhibited significant antidepressant activity. Among these compounds, 7-(2-(4-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethoxy)-2H-chromen-2-one (6i) showed the highest antidepressant activity. The results of the measurement of 5-HT levels in the brains of mice indicate that the antidepressant activity of coumarin derivatives may be mediated by elevated 5-HT levels. The results of molecular docking demonstrated that compound 6i had a significant interaction with amino acids around the active site of the 5-HT_1A receptor in the homology model. The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the target compounds were also predicted using Discovery Studio (DS) 2020 and Chemdraw 14.0.     

新型氟喹诺酮类似物的合成及抗菌活性

通过氢解,偶联及浓盐酸脱保护合成了10种新型的氟喹诺酮衍生物（A1~A6, B1~B4）,总收率50%～65%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR 和MS(ESI)表征。测定了目标化合物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和四联球菌的抗菌活性,结果表明：目标化合物对3种供试细菌均有良好的抑制效果,其中化合物A1和A2对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌抑制效果最好,微弱于左氧氟沙星;A5对四联球菌的抑制效果优于左氧氟沙星。      

新型异噁唑衍生物的合成及其抗菌活性

5-乙酰胺甲基-3-[3-氟-4-(1-哌嗪基苯基)]异噁唑啉与氯乙酰氯反应制得中间体5-乙酰胺甲基-3-[3-氟-4-(4-氯乙酰基-1-哌嗪基苯基)]异噁唑啉(2);2与取代哌嗪或取代六氢吡啶反应合成了15个新型的异噁唑类衍生物(4a～4o),其结构经1H NMR和FAB-MS表征。初步的生物活性测试结果表明,4a～4o对金黄色葡萄球菌、藤黄八叠球菌、绿脓假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌均有一定的抗菌活性。     

青霉烯二茂铁衍生物的合成与抗菌活性研究

为了探寻更具活性的青霉烯类抗生素,设计并合成了8个新的青霉烯二茂铁衍生物,并进行了结构表征与确认.采用琼脂平皿二倍稀释法测定了它们和法罗培南对金黄色葡萄球菌等菌种的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并对此类化合物的构效关系进行了探讨.结果显示,C-2位被二茂铁基团取代的青霉烯类化合物的抗菌活性优于法罗培南或与其相当,尤其是含有杂环取代基的化合物8h抗菌活性显著.