Influence of the pore structure of MCM-41 and SBA-15 silica fibers on atomic layer chemical vapor deposition of cobalt carbonyl

Mesoporous high surface area MCM-41 and SBA-15 type silica materials with fibrous morphology were synthesized and used as support materials for the ALCVD (atomic layer chemical vapor deposition) preparation of Co/MCM-41 and Co/SBA-15 catalysts. Co/MCM-41 and Co/SBA-15 catalysts were prepared by deposition of Co2(CO)8 from the gas phase onto the surfaces of preheated support materials in a fluidized bed reactor. For both silica materials, two different kinds of preparation methods, direct deposition and a pulse deposition method, were used. Pure silica supports as well as supported cobalt catalysts were characterized by various spectroscopic (IR) and analytical (X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, elemental analysis) methods. MCM-41 and SBA-15 fibers showed considerable ability to adsorb Co2(CO)8 from the gas phase. For MCM-41 and SBA-15 silicas, cobalt loadings of 13.7 and 12.1 wt % were obtained using the direct deposition method. The cobalt loadings increased to 23.0 and 20.7 wt % for MCM-41 and SBA-15 silicas, respectively, when the pulse deposition method was used. The reduction behavior of silica-supported cobalt catalysts was found to depend on the catalyst preparation method and on the mesoporous structure of the support material. Almost identical reduction properties of SBA-15-supported catalysts prepared by different deposition methods are explained by the structural properties of the mesoporous support and, in particular, by the chemical structure of the inner surfaces and walls of the mesopores. Pulse O2/H2 chemisorption experiments showed catalytically promising redox properties and surface stability of the prepared MCM-41- and SBA-15-supported cobalt catalysts.     

水对SBA-15负载的钴基费-托合成催化剂催化性能的影响

以SBA-15分子筛为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了负载量为20%的钴基催化剂,采用TEM、XRD、H2-TPR和N2物理吸附-脱附等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并在浆态床反应器中考察了水的加入对费-托合成反应性能的影响.结果表明,金属钴物种进入到SBA-15载体的孔道中;产物在孔道中的滞留以及水促进的金属钴物种的团聚,引起了催化剂活性的降低;水的加入有利于反应物和产物在孔道中的传输,增加CO的转化率;在SBA-15负载的钴基催化剂中,产物在孔道中的滞留对催化剂活性影响较大,引起的扩散限制是催化剂活性降低的重要原因.     

Selective chemisorption of carbon monoxide by organic-inorganic hybrid materials incorporating cobalt(III) corroles as sensing components

Twenty-one hybrid materials incorporating cobalt(III) corrole complexes were synthesized by a sol-gel process or by grafting the metallocorrole onto a mesostructured silica of the SBA-15 type. All the materials show an almost infinite selectivity for carbon monoxide with respect to dinitrogen and dioxygen in the low-pressure domain where the chemisorption phenomenon is predominant. This peculiar property is of prime importance for an application as a CO sensor. The selectivity slightly decreases at high pressures where nonselective physisorption phenomena mainly occur. The percentage of active sites for CO chemisorption ranges from 22 to 64 %. This low percentage may be attributable to interactions between the cobalt(III) corroles with silanol or siloxane groups remaining at the surface of the materials which prevent further coordination of the CO molecule. Notably, the most efficient materials are those prepared in the presence of a protecting ligand (pyridine) during the gelation or the grafting process. The removal of this ligand after the gelation process releases a cavity around the cobalt ion that favors the coordination of a carbon monoxide molecule. The CO adsorption properties of the SBA-15 hybrid were not affected over a period of several months thus indicating a high stability of the material. Conversely, the xerogel capacities slowly decrease owing to the evolution of the material structure.     

Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-7 and ZIF-8)-supported cobalt catalysts

The Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using cobalt catalysts supported on zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), ZIF-7 and ZIF-8, has been investigated. ZIF-7, ZIF-8 and corresponding cobalt-containing catalysts, after preparation, were characterized using various techniques. Thermogravimetric analysis results show that ZIF-7 and ZIF-8 supports have good thermal stability for the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis reaction, and weaker interaction between cobalt and zinc in the ZIF-7 and ZIF-8 supports results in more cobalt reduction. The catalytic performance was evaluated in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and compared with that of a cobalt catalyst supported on SBA-15 promoted with zinc. The pore structure of the ZIF supports plays an essential role in product selectivity for the prepared catalysts. The carbon number in hydrocarbon products and olefin selectivity depend on cobalt dispersion and support structure owing to the impacts of site density and carrier skeleton on the speed of diffusion-enhanced olefin re-adsorption reactions.     

Preconcentration of trace amounts of cobalt (II) ions in water and agricultural products samples using of 5-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene) rhodanin modified SBA-15 sorbent prior to FAAS determination

In the present study, the ?5-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)rhodanin-modified SBA-15? was applied as stable solid sorbent for the separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of cobalt ions in aqueous solution. SBA-15 was modified by ?5-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)rhodanin reagent. The sorption of Co²⁺ ions was done onto modified sorbent in the pH range of 6.8–7.9 and desorption occurred in 5.0 mL of 3.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃. The results exhibit a linear dynamic range from 0.01 to 6.0 mg L^?1 for cobalt. Intra-day (repeatability) and inter-day (reproducibility) for 10 replicated determination of 0.06 mg L^?1 of cobalt was ±1.82% and ?±1.97%?. Detection limit was 4.2 µg L^?1 (3S_b, n = 5) and preconcentration factor was 80. The effects of the experimental parameters, including the sample pH, flow rates of sample and eluent solution, eluent type and interference ions were studied for the preconcentration of Co²⁺. The proposed method was applied for the determination of cobalt in standard samples, water samples and agricultural products.     

SBA-15负载纳米CoMoO4催化剂催化丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯

采用柠檬酸配位-浸渍法制备不同CoMoO4含量的系列CoMoO4/SBA-15催化剂, 通过X射线衍射、透射电镜和低温N2吸附法对样品进行了表征. 结果表明, 柠檬酸配位-浸渍法可在介孔分子筛孔道中形成高含量、均匀分散且有确定晶相的CoMoO4, 同时能够很好地保持载体的介孔结构. 与非负载的CoMoO4相比, 由柠檬酸配位-浸渍法制备的CoMoO4/SBA-15催化剂在丙烷氧化脱氢反应中具有更好的催化活性, 当CoMoO4的含量为13%(w)、反应温度为823 K时, 丙烯产率达到16.8%.     

SBA-15的孔壁碳膜修饰对钴基催化剂结构与催化性能的影响

在惰性气体中焙烧SBA-15制得孔壁被碳修饰的SBA- 15C样品,以它和SBA-15为载体,采用等量浸渍法制备了负载型Co基催化剂,并运用X射线衍射、N2物理吸附、程序升温还原、NH3吸附量热等手段对样品进行了表征.结果表明,SBA- 15C仍保持原有的六方有序的中孔结构,但其孔壁经碳修饰后发生增厚,比表面积略有下降...     

COO-NiO/SBA-15的合成与表征

用组装的方法得到了高负载量、均匀分布的CoO-NiO负载型SBA-15介孔材料,并采用XRD,BET,HRTEM等测试手段对样品进行了分析.结果表明,CoO,NiO双组分氧化物已成功地组装进入了SBA-15的有序孔道,在CoO,NiO组装过程中,CoO,NiO含量(w)分别为0.0691和0.0837时,介孔材料的有序结构没有遭到破坏.     

Nanostructured CoMoO4 Supported on Mesoporous SBA-15 for Catalytic Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane to Propene

Nanostructured cobalt molybdate catalysts supported on mesoporous silica SBA-15 with different loadings were prepared by citric acid coordination-impregnation method and characterized by XRD, TEM, and BET techniques. The characterization results showed that high loading of well-dispersed crystalline CoMoO₄ may be achieved using citric acid coordination-impregnation method and the mesoporous structure of the support remained intact. The catalytic activity of these catalysts in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane was investigated. The catalysts of nanostructured cobalt molybdate supported on mesoporous silica SBA-15 showed better catalytic performance than the corresponding bulk composite oxide and nanostructured CoMoO₄ supported on SBA-15 with loading of 13% (mass fraction, w) displayed propene yield of 16.8% at 823 K.     

金属改性SBA-15应用于乙醇水蒸气重整制氢的研究

采用水热法将Ce金属引入SBA-15骨架,合成一系列Ce-SBA-15（Si/Ce=40,20,10）载体,再通过浸渍法制得Co/Ce-SBA-15催化剂.利用XRD、UV-Vis、FT-IR、H₂-TPR、N₂吸附-脱附等手段对催化剂进行表征,并用于乙醇水蒸汽重整制氢反应（ESR）,考察载体骨架中Ce金属对催化剂结构和性能的影响.结果表明,水热法制备可使得Ce离子进入到SBA-15分子筛骨架,合成的载体仍保持SBA-15特有的介孔结构.与Co/SBA-15催化剂相比,基于铈的储放氧功能,Ce的加入提高了活性金属分散度,降低了反应积碳的生成,改善了催化剂稳定性.适量铈与钴的协同作用,提高了钴物种的分散度,降低了钴的烧结程度,催化剂Co/Ce-SBA-15（Si/Ce=20）具有良好的催化活性,乙醇转化率为96.6%,H₂选择性达到75.5%,反应后积碳率仅为5.6%.     

还原气氛对CoFe/SBA-15催化剂F-T反应性能的影响

考察了不同还原气氛处理CoFe/SBA-15催化剂对F-T反应性能的影响。结果表明,H2气氛下有利于六方钴的生成;催化剂的活性取决于钴含量,随着钴含量的增加,F-T反应中CO转化率增加,C5+选择性增加。随着铁含量的增加,催化剂表现了较高的CO2选择性。CO还原有利于立方钴的生成,导致催化活性相比H2还原的催化剂活性要低。同时CO还原容易产生积炭使催化剂的钴活性位被覆盖,导致甲烷选择性随着钴含量增加而升高。但碳化铁的生成有利于提高20Fe/SBA-15催化剂的活性,有利于低碳烃生成及C2~4烃烯烷比增加。     

Hydrogen production through glycerol steam reforming using Co catalysts supported on SBA-15 doped with Zr,Ce and La

The steam reforming of glycerol has been studied at 500 and 600 oC using Co/SBA-15 and Co/M/SBA-15(M: Zr, Ce, or La) promoted catalysts. The prepared materials were characterized by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy(ICP-AES), X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), hydrogen temperatureprogramed reduction(H_2-TPR), ammonia temperature-programed desorption(NH_3-TPD), nitrogen physisorption analysis(N_2-BET), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). The incorporation of promoters like Zr, Ce and La on SBA-15 support and successive Co impregnation leaded to smaller cobalt crystallites improving metaldispersion. Besides, stronger metal-support interactions between Co species and M/SBA-15 supports were observed. Thanks to the incorporation of Zr, La and mainly Ce, promoted catalysts present higher glycerol conversion than Co/SBA-15 along 5 h of time on stream. Besides, at 600 oC, Co/M/SBA-15(M: Zr, Ce, or La) catalysts produce higher hydrogen amounts than Co/SBA-15.     

Silylated Co/SBA-15 catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

A series of silylated Co/SBA-15 catalysts were prepared via the reaction of surface Si-OH of SBA-15 with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) under anhydrous, vapor-phase conditions, and then characterized by FT-IR, N₂ physisorption, TG, XRD, and TPR-MS. The results showed that organic modification led to a silylated SBA-15 surface composed of stable hydrophobic Si-(CH₃)₃ species even after calcinations and H₂ reduction at 673 K. Furthermore, the hydrophobic surface strongly influenced both metal dispersion and reducibility. Compared with non-silylated Co/SBA, Co/S-SBA (impregnation after silylation) showed a high activity, due to the better cobalt reducibility on the hydrophobic support. However, S-Co/SBA (silylation after impregnation) had the lowest FT activity among all the catalysts, due to the lower cobalt reducibility along with the steric hindrance of grafted -Si(CH₃)₃ for the re-adsorption of α-olefins.     

SBA-15的硅烷化对钴基催化剂费-托合成性能的影响(英文)

以未硅烷化和硅烷化的SBA-15为载体,采用满孔浸渍法制备了钴基费-托合成催化剂,通过元素分析、N_2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、H_2程序升温还原、H_2程序升温脱附以及氧滴定等手段对催化剂进行了表征.催化剂的费-托合成活性测试在固定床反应器上进行.研究表明,对于SBA-15硅烷化后制备的催化剂,金属钴与载体之间的相互作用降低,氧化钴的还原度增加.随着三甲基氯硅烷用量的增加,三甲基硅基的表面覆盖度增加,钴的晶粒直径增大.硅烷化后的催化剂的高活性归因于高的还原度.而C_(5+)选择性的增加则归因于钴晶粒直径的增大.     

Oxidation of carbon black,propene and toluene on highly reducible Co/SBA-15 catalysts

Different cobalt loadings (3, 6, 12, 24 wt%) were impregnated using the double-solvent technique on SBA-15 calcined at 500 °C presenting a high specific surface area. The impregnated solids were stabilized at 450 °C in the air. The impregnation of cobalt led to the incorporation of cobalt oxide nanoparticles in the mesoporosity of the SBA-15. The cobalt nanoparticles were easily reducible compared to similar solids prepared by different methods. The presence of these nanoparticles enhanced significantly the reactivity of the catalysts in the considered reaction. The addition of more than 12 wt% of cobalt did not enhance the catalytic reactivity due to the deposition of cobalt oxide species on the surface of the support. The cobalt-impregnated solids are efficient in decreasing the oxidation temperature of different probe molecules and are totally selective towards the formation of CO₂ and H₂O.     

贵金属钯修饰的钴基介孔催化剂Pd-Co／SBA15的构效关系研究

制备了贵金属钯修饰的钴基介孔催化剂Pd—Co—SBA-15,采用低温液氮吸脱附、X射线粉末衍射、X射线光电子能谱、氢氧滴定和程序升温技术对其进行了表征,考察了钯助剂的加入量对钴基介孔催化剂结构和织构、表面性能及甲烷催化燃烧等方面性能的影响．结果表明,贵金属钯的加入可显著促进氧化钴物种的还原,有利于活性物种的表面富集,使催化剂上钴物种表面浓度由2．80Co／nm^2增加到3．58Co／nm^2,活性比表面积增加6．9m^2／g．适量贵金属钯的加入可使样品在低温下迅速起活且T90％低于350℃;在整个稳定性考察过程中,双组分样品活性没有出现下降,且其甲烷转化率明显高出参比样85％．     

Synthesis,characterization, and applications of novel Co(II)-pyridoxal phosphate-Schiff base/SBA-15 as a nanocatalyst for the green synthesis of benzothiazole heterocycles

Mesoporous heterogeneous santa barbara amorphous (SBA)-15-supported cobalt complex, as a novel nanocatalyst containing N–O chelating Schiff-base ligand was successfully synthesized by the reaction of SBA-15 and Cobalt(II)-Schiff-base complex. The Co(II)-Schiff base complex also was prepared for the first time, by the reaction of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate or PLP (biological active form of vitamin B6), 3-(aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane in methanol that complexation with CoCl₂. The subsequent grafting of entitled complex to SBA-15 afforded Co(II)-PLP-Schiff base/SBA-15 mesoporous catalyst. Characterization of the product was carried out with powder X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller nitrogen adsorption–desorption, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed the retention of the textural properties and hexagonally uniform structures of SBA-15 during the grafting procedure. This nanocatalyst was applied successfully for one-pot synthesis of various benzothiazole heterocycles under green conditions. This catalyst is an active, reusable, and stable nanomaterial with no leaching of metal ions to the reaction medium. It was used for the synthesis of desired benzothiazole heterocycles by the cyclo-condensation of aryl-aldehydes with 2-aminothiophenol with good to excellent yields and under green conditions.     

Preparation,characterization and hydrodesulfurization performances of Co-Ni_2P/SBA-15 catalysts

A series of Co-Ni2P/SBA-15 catalysts with various Co contents, Ni2P contents and P/Ni molar ratios were prepared by impregnating nickel nitrate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, and then cobalt nitrate into SBA-15 support followed by temperature-programmed reduction in a H2 flow. The catalyst structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), high resolution-transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM)and N2adsorption-desorption techniques and their catalytic performance of the hydrodesulfurization(HDS) of dibenzothiophene(DBT) was evaluated. The effects of Co contents, Ni2 P contents and P/Ni molar ratios on the catalyst structure and HDS of DBT over the Co-Ni2P/SBA-15 catalyst were investigated. The results indicated that the mesoporous structure was mainly maintained and the nickel phosphides were well dispersed in all of the characterized catalysts. The 4Co-25Ni2P/SBA-15(P/Ni = 0.8) catalyst with the Co and Ni2 P contents of 4 wt% and25 wt%, respectively, and the P/Ni molar ratio of 0.8 showed the highest catalytic performance for HDS of DBT. Under the reaction conditions of 380?C and 3.0 MPa, the DBT conversion can reach 99.62%. The HDS of DBT proceeded mainly via the direct desulfurization(DDS)pathway with biphenyl(BP) as the dominant product on all of the catalysts and the BP selectivity was slightly enhanced after the introduction of Co promoters.     

Preparation and application of nanocatalysts via surface functionalization of mesoporous materials

Surface immobilization of active species onto mesoporous materials is gaining importance, especially in the design of functionalized mesoporous materials as a nanocatalyst through heterogenization of homogeneous catalytic systems. This article summarizes recent work on the synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance of the functionalized mesoporous catalysts performed by the present authors. A cationic rhenium(I) complex was encapsulated into mesoporous Al-MCM-41 molecular sieve using a ion-exchange method, yielding a new photocatalyst to be active for photocatalytic reduction of CO₂. Surface functionalization of mesoporous silica SBA-15 with sulfonic acid groups was investigated to give a solid acid catalyst. The chemically modified Fe-containing mesoporous materials, which are active for hydroxylation of phenol, were prepared by a surface-grafting method that iron salts are immobilized onto mesoporous Si-MCM-41 with the help of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane as a linker. A cobalt(III) complex was heterogenized onto mesoporous silica SBA-15 containing carboxylic groups in order to utilize as a solid catalyst for the liquid-phase oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons.     

A DFT Study on the Selective Oxidation of Ethane Over Pure SBA-15 and SBA-15-supported Vanadium Oxide

The selective oxidation of ethane over pure SBA-15 and V/SBA-15 were theoretically studied by density functional theory. The cluster models of pure SBA-15 and V/SBA-15 were proposed. The structure properties of these two models were calculated and were found to be in good agreement with experimental values. The catalytic reaction pathways for the ethane oxidation to acetaldehyde and ethylene were determined. Our results show that the hydroxyl groups on pure SBA-15 can activate the gas-phase O₂ to form a peroxide species, which acts as the active site for the selective oxidation of ethane. The formation of ethylene is much more preferred than that of acetaldehyde over pure SBA-15. For V/SBA-15, the peroxide species also acts as the active center. The energy barrier of C–H bond activation over V/SBA-15 is by 14.63 kJ/mol lower than that over pure SBA-15. The formation of acetaldehyde is preferred than that of ethylene over V/SBA-15. On the basis of our results, the reaction mechanisms of ethane selective oxidation over pure SBA-15 and V/SBA-15 were systematically compared and discussed. The theoretical results in this study are in good agreement with our previous experimental results. They can reasonably explain the catalytic nature of pure SBA-15 and the effect of vanadium, opening new perspectives in the understanding of the chemistry of SBA-15.