断裂力学问题的杂交边界点方法

提出了一种求解断裂力学的新的边界类型无网格方法-杂交边界点法.以修正变分原理和移动最小二乘近似为基础,同时具有边界元法和无网格法的优良特性,求解时仅仅需要边界上离散点的信息.该文将杂交边界点方法应用到弹性断裂问题中,将移动最小二乘方法中的基函数扩充,能更好的模拟裂纹尖端应力场的奇异性,推导了求解断裂力学的杂交边界点法方程,与传统的元网格方法相比,文中方法具有后处理简单,计算精度高的优点.数值算例表明了该方法的稳定性和有效性.     

弹性动力学的双互易杂交边界点法

将双互易法同杂交边界点法相结合,提出了求解弹性动力问题的新型数值方法------双互易杂交边界点方法. 该算法在求解弹性动力问题时,将控制方程非齐次项的域内积分转化为边界积分. 该方法将问题的解分为通解和特解两部分,通解使用杂交边界点法求得,特解则使用局部径向基函数插值得到,从而实现了使用静力问题的基本解来求解动力问题. 计算时仅仅需要边界上离散点的信息,无论积分还是插值都不需要网格,域内节点仅用来插值非齐次项,因此该算法仍是一种边界类型的无网格方法. 数值算例表明,该方法后处理简单,计算精度高,适合于求解弹性动力问题.      

MESHLESS METHOD OF DUAL RECIPROCITY HYBRID RADIAL BOUNDARY NODE METHOD FOR ELASTICITY

Combining the radial point interpolation method （RPIM）, the dual reciprocity method （DRM） and the hybrid boundary node method （HBNM）, a dual reciprocity hybrid radial boundary node method （DHRBNM） is proposed for linear elasticity. Compared to DHBNM, RPIM is exploited to replace the moving least square （MLS） in DHRBNM, and it gets rid of the deficiency of MLS approximation, in which shape functions lack the delta function property, the boundary condition can not be applied easily and directly and it＇s computational expense is high. Besides, different approximate functions are discussed in DRM to get the interpolation property, in which the accuracy and efficiency for different basis functions are compared. Then RPIM is also applied in DRM to replace the conical function interpolation, which can greatly improve the accuracy of the present method. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the present method, DHBNM is applied for comparison, and some numerical examples of 2-D elasticity problems show that the present method is much more effective than DHBNM.     

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提出了将杂交边界点法和双重互易法结合求解势问题的一种新的算法. 将势问题的解分为通解和特解两部分，通解使用 杂交边界点方法求解，特解则利用局部径向基函数近似. 该方法输入数据只是求解域上离散 的点，不需要额外的方程来计算域内物理量，后处理十分简便. 数值算例表明了该方法的稳 定性和有效性.     

A STUDY ON THE WEIGHT FUNCTION OF THE MOVING LEAST SQUARE APPROXIMATION IN THE LOCAL BOUNDARY INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD

The meshless method is a new numerical technique presented in recent years .It uses the moving least square (MLS) approximation as a shape function . The smoothness of the MLS approximation is determined by that of the basic function and of the weight function, and is mainly determined by that of the weight function. Therefore, the weight function greatly affects the accuracy of results obtained. Different kinds of weight functions, such as the spline function, the Gauss function and so on, are proposed recently by many researchers. In the present work, the features of various weight functions are illustrated through solving elasto-static problems using the local boundary integral equation method. The effect of various weight functions on the accuracy, convergence and stability of results obtained is also discussed. Examples show that the weight function proposed by Zhou Weiyuan and Gauss and the quartic spline weight function are better than the others if parameters c and a in Gauss and exponential weight functions are in the range of reasonable values, respectively, and the higher the smoothness of the weight function, the better the features of the solutions.     

DUAL RECIPROCITY HYBRID BOUNDARY NODE METHOD FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELASTICITY WITH BODY FORCE

Combining Dual Reciprocity Method （DRM） with Hybrid Boundary Node Method （HBNM）, the Dual Reciprocity Hybrid Boundary Node Method （DRHBNM） is developed for three-dimensional linear elasticity problems with body force. This method can be used to solve the elasticity problems with body force without domain integral, which is inevitable by HBNM. To demonstrate the versatility and the fast convergence of this method, some numerical examples of 3-D elasticity problems with body forces are examined. The computational results show that the present method is effective and can be widely applied in solving practical engineering problems.     

改进的奇异边界法模拟三维位势问题

奇异边界法是与基本解法相对应的一种边界型无网格数值离散方法. 该方法提出了源点强度因子的概念, 克服了传统基本解方法中最复杂最头疼的虚拟边界问题.基于边界元法中处理奇异积分的数值处理技术, 导出了源点强度因子的解析表达式, 提出了改进的无网格奇异边界法, 并进一步将该方法应用于三维位势问题. 该方法消除了传统方法中样本点的选取, 在不增加计算量的前提下, 极大地提高了奇异边界法的计算精度与稳定性.      

计算含大位移动边界非定常流动的无网格算法

研究了可以计算处理包含大位移动边界非定常流动的无网格算法. 创建了无网格方法中由于大位移边界运动造成的不合要求点的判断标准, 采用高效的填充方法实现点云重构, 运用线性插值方法得到新点参数, 实现了局部重构处理大位移动点. 流场计算方面, 在计算域自动布点基础上, 采用曲线逼近计算导数及HLLC格式计算数值通量, 发展了求解基于无网格的ALE方程组的算法. 最后, 对活塞问题进行了模拟, 结果与解析解相吻合, 验证了算法的准确性; 另外, 计算比较了气流流过静止圆柱以及圆柱在静止流场运动流场, 结果表明方法是成功的.     

Analysis of 2-D thin structures by the meshless regular hybrid boundary node method

Thin structures are generally solved by the Finite Element Method (FEM), using plate or shell finite elements which have many limitations in applications, such as numerical locking, edge effects, length scaling and the envergence problem. Recently, by proposing a new approach to treating the nearly-singular integrals, Liu et al. developed a BEM to successfully solve thin structures with the thickness-to-length ratios in the micro- or nano-scales. On the other hand, the meshless Regular Hybrid Boundary Node Method (RHBNM), which is proposed by the current authors and based on a modified functional and the Moving Least-Square (MLS) approximation, has very promising applications for engineering problems owing to its meshless nature and dimension-reduction advantage, and not involving any singular or nearly-singular integrals. Test examples show that the RHBNM can also be applied readily to thin structures with high accuracy without any modification.     

弹性力学中一种新的边界轮廓法

利用基本解的特性,将面力积分方程化成仅含有Ｃａｕｃｈｙ主值积分的形式,基于这种边界积分方程,提出了一种新的边界轮廓法,对于三维问题,该方法只须计算沿边界单元界线的线积分,对二维问题,则只需计算边界单元两点的热函数之差,无须进行数值积分计算,实例计算说明该方法是有效的。     

黏弹性人工边界等效荷载计算的改进方法

黏弹性人工边界在场地地震反应和结构-地基动力相互作用等问题的计算中已得到了广泛的应用.地震波在黏弹性人工边界中的输入是通过将地震波转化为作用于人工边界处的等效载荷来实现的.计算等效节点载荷的常规方法默认边界节点对应区域内的应力为均布力,但实际上该节点对应区域内的应力分布通常是不均匀的.本文在有限元方法结合黏弹性局部人工边界的显式时域波动方法的基础上,建立了无限域散射问题地震波等效载荷计算的一种改进方法.该方法采用细化网格与应力积分相结合的方法计算人工边界等效节点力,有效地降低了人工边界上等效节点力的计算误差.以不同角度入射地震波的二维算例为例,算例给出的波场位移云图和节点位移时程曲线验证了本文方法的有效性,其计算精度与网格尺寸和地震波入射角度密切相关,且网格越小、入射角度越小,计算精度越高.对于相同的网格尺寸,本文采用方法的计算精度明显高于常规方法,尤其是对于斜入射问题优势更为明显.     

复变量移动最小二乘法及其应用

提出了复变量移动最小二乘法，并详细讨论了基于正交基函数的复变量移动最小二乘 法. 然后，将复变量移动最小二乘法和弹性力学的边界无单元法结合，提出了弹性力学的复 变量边界无单元法，推导了相应的公式，并给出了数值算例. 基于正交基函数的复变量移动 最小二乘法的优点是不形成病态方程组、精度高，所形成的无网格方法计算量小. 复变量边 界无单元法是边界积分方程的无网格方法的直接列式法，容易引入边界条件，且具有更高的 精度.     

Improved non-singular local boundary integral equation method

When the source nodes are on the global boundary in the implementation of local boundary integral equation method (LBIEM),singularities in the local boundary integrals need to be treated specially. In the current paper,local integral equations are adopted for the nodes inside the domain trod moving least square approximation (MLSA) for the nodes on the global boundary,thus singularities will not occur in the new al- gorithm.At the same time,approximation errors of boundary integrals are reduced significantly.As applications and numerical tests,Laplace equation and Helmholtz equa- tion problems are considered and excellent numerical results are obtained.Furthermore, when solving the Hehnholtz problems,the modified basis functions with wave solutions are adapted to replace the usually-used monomial basis functions.Numerical results show that this treatment is simple and effective and its application is promising in solutions for the wave propagation problem with high wave number.     

改进虚拟边界算法在超声速流动问题求解中的应用

提出了一种改进的虚拟单元浸没边界法, 并与一种高阶格式的有限差分算法相结合, 运用于求解超声速复杂几何绕流问题.该算法的核心思想在于在固体边界的内部和外部分别施加满足边界关系的作用点, 使得几何边界离散更加细化, 起到了壁面附近网格局部加密的作用.采用源空间内流体点作为反距离插值算法的重构点, 有效避免了插值点数目过少而与作用点相重合情况.通过对二维激波反射现象 (马赫数为 2.81) 和三维超声速球体绕流问题 (马赫数为 1.2) 的数值模拟, 与实验结果对比表明, 本文改进算法相对一般的虚拟边界法来说能显著提高数值精度, 减小计算误差.计算结果揭示了球体绕流中剪切层、压缩波系和尾迹的相互作用导致自由剪切层失稳的机理.剪切层厚度和湍流雷诺脉动经历了线性增长、大幅度震荡和小幅度波动三个阶段, 导致剪切层表面褶皱因子变化呈指数规律增长.其湍流结构表现出明显的各向异性, 具体在流向雷诺正应力在湍流脉动中占主导地位, 激波的压缩作用对不同方向雷诺正应力的影响存在空间迟滞效应.      

改进广义移动最小二乘近似的无网格法

无网格法是求解微分方程定解问题的一种新数值方法.移动最小二乘近似只要求近似函数在各节点处的误差的平方和最小,对近似函数导数的误差没有任何约束.而广义移动最小二乘近似要求近似函数及其导数在所有节点处的误差的平方和最小.为了降低计算工作量,本文构造了要求近似函数在全部节点处和任意阶导数在部分节点处误差的平方和最小的改进广义移动最小二乘近似.数值计算显示本文提供的方法关于函数值和各阶导数值都具有很高的精度.     

不可压粘流N－S方程的边界积分解法

对原变量的Ｎ－Ｓ方程进行一阶时间离散，采用共轭梯度法解除压强－速度的耦合．对所得的一系列Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ方程、Ｐｏｓｓｉｏｎ方程和Ｈｅｌｍｈｏｔｚ方程均进行边界积分法求解，首次得到了粘性Ｎ－Ｓ方程的边界积分表示式．圆柱的定常、非定常尾迹计算结果表明了本文方法的有效性．     

用HLLC方法处理运动边界

针对含有运动边界非结构网格点的显式有限体积方法，研究了如何使用HLLC方法处理运动边界条件，计算了活塞拉伸、压缩问题，并和解析解进行了比较．作为应用示例，比较了静止圆柱绕流和静止流场中运动圆柱的绕流情形。结果表明：应用HLLC方法处理运动边界是可行的。     

无单元法及其工程应用

无单元法可以求解复杂边界条件的边值问题，它只需结点信息而不需单元信息，故信息简单，特别适用于岩土工程数值分析．它的理论基础是滑动最小二乘法．本文对无单元法的基本理论作了研究，并用算例说明了研究成果．     

平面问题等价边界积分方程的三次边界轮廓法

基于弹性力学平面问题等的边界积分方程,给出了三次单元的边界轮廓法。根据平面问题解的复变函数表示,构造了三次形函数。给出了对于混合边值问题求解系统方程确定的边界轮廓方程配置和三次单元界轮廓法的实施。     

Meshless Galerkin analysis of Stokes slip flow with boundary integral equations

This paper presents a novel meshless Galerkin scheme for modeling incompressible slip Stokes flows in 2D. The boundary value problem is reformulated as boundary integral equations of the first kind which is then converted into an equivalent variational problem with constraint. We introduce a Lagrangian multiplier to incorporate the constraint and apply the moving least‐squares approximations to generate trial and test functions. In this boundary‐type meshless method, boundary conditions can be implemented exactly and system matrices are symmetric. Unlike the domain‐type method, this Galerkin scheme requires only a nodal structure on the bounding surface of a body for approximation of boundary unknowns. The convergence and abstract error estimates of this new approach are given. Numerical examples are also presented to show the efficiency of the method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.