NiO(001)面吸附NO电子结构的理论研究

用嵌入点电荷的簇为模型,采用B3LYP方法研究了NO在NiO(001)面上不同吸附位置和不同吸附方式的电子结构,并计算了振动频率。结果表明在完整表面上最稳定的吸附方式是N端歪斜吸附在Ni位,这与实验结果相符;而在缺陷表面上,NO以直线方式吸附在角位上最为稳定。振动频率计算表明,NO吸附后NO振动频率红移约50cm-1。我们根据价轨道电子密度图解释了NO吸附后振动频率红移的原因,这个解释完全不同于传统认为的3d对2π的反馈键理论。     

NO在NiO(100)面吸附的DV-Xa簇模型研究

采用量子化学的ＳＣＣ－ＤＶ－Ｘα嵌入簇模型方法考察了ＮＯ／ＮｉＯ（１００）吸附体系的两种不同吸附方法：以Ｎ端在正离子顶位的垂直线性吸附和弯折式吸附方式。     

Theoretical Study of NO Dimer Adsorption and Dissociation on the CuCr204 (100) Surface

Theoretical simulation of the adsorption and dissociation of two NO molecules at the Cu2 , Cr3 and bridge Cr3 sites (b-Cr3 ) on the normal spinel CuCr2O4 (100) surface has been carded out by density functional theory calculations. The results show that the formed N-down and O-down NO dimers are negatively charged. The formation of stable O-down dimers on the surface leads to the great elongation of N-O bond, which contributes to the NO reduction. The transition-state calculations indicate that the decomposition of O-down NO dimer at the b-Cr3~ site is most favorable and N2O is the major reduction product.     

Theoretical Study of NO Dimer Adsorption and Dissociation on the CuCr2O4 （100） Surface

Theoretical simulation of the adsorption and dissociation of two NO molecules at the Cu^2＋, Cr^3＋ and bridge Cr^3＋ sites （b-Cr^3＋） on the normal spinel CuCr2O4 （100） surface has been carried out by density functional theory calculations. The results show that the formed N-down and O-down NO dimers are negatively charged. The formation of stable O-down dimers on the surface leads to the great elongation of N-O bond, which contributes to the NO reduction. The transition-state calculations indicate that the decomposition of O-down NO dimer at the b-Cr^3＋ site is most favorable and N2O is the major reduction product.     

Interaction of CO and NO with the spinel CuCr2O4 (100) surface: A DFT study

The characteristics of CO and NO molecules at Cu²⁺ and Cr³⁺ ion sites on the CuCr₂O₄ (100) surface have been studied by first principles calculations based on spin‐polarized density functional theory (DFT). The calculated results show that adsorption energies for X‐down(C, N) adsorption vary in the order: Cu²⁺‐CO>Cr³⁺‐NO≈Cr³⁺‐CO>Cu²⁺‐NO. CO molecules are preferentially adsorbed at Cu sites, whereas NO molecules adsorb favorably at Cu²⁺ and Cr³⁺ ion sites. The C‐O and N‐O stretching frequencies are red‐shifted upon adsorption. Combining the analysis of frontier molecular orbitals and Mulliken charge, for CO and NO X‐down adsorption systems, the 5σ orbitals donate electrons and the 2π^* orbitals obtain back‐donated electrons. Although for NO with O‐down adsorption systems, the NO‐2π^* orbitals obtain back‐donated electrons from substrates without 5σ‐donation. Coadsorption calculations show the CO/NO mixture adsorb selectively at the Cu²⁺ion site but simultaneously at the Cr³⁺ ion site, respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008     

NO在氧预吸附Ir(100)表面吸附和解离的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理密度泛函理论和周期性平板模型研究了NO在O预吸附Ir(100)表面的吸附和解离, 并考察了预吸附的O对可能产物N₂, N₂O和NO₂的选择性的影响. 优化得到反应过程中初态、 过渡态和末态的吸附构型, 并获得反应的势能面信息. 计算结果表明, NO在O预吸附表面最稳定的吸附位是桥位, 其次是顶位. 桥位和顶位的NO在表面存在两条解离通道, 即直接解离通道和由桥位和顶位扩散到平行空位, 继而发生N-O键断裂生成N原子和O原子的解离通道. 此分离机理与洁净表面上NO解离机理相同, 但后一种解离方式优于前一种, 是NO在表面上解离的主要通道. 预吸附的O原子在不同程度上抑制了NO的解离, 导致桥位和顶位NO解离互相竞争. 在O预吸附Ir(100)表面, N₂气是唯一的产物, 不会有副产物N₂O和NO₂的生成, 与实验结果一致. 预吸附的O在N/O低覆盖度下几乎不影响N₂气的生成, 但在较高覆盖度下则促进了N₂气的生成.     

NO在Rh(100),Rh(111)面上吸附与直接分解的密度泛函理论研究

本文应用第一性原理的密度泛函(DFT)方法,使用DMol³计算程序,对NO在Rh(100)和Rh(111)面上的吸附与分解进行量化计算,力图解决NO在Rh(100)和Rh(111)面上的优选吸附位、直接分解的过渡态和活化能等重要问题.     

NiO(001)表面吸附CO的从头算研究

用量子化学B3LYP方法,以外加点电荷来封闭边界效应的簇为模型,计算了CO在NiO(001)面上不同吸附位置的吸附情况,并计算了振动频率。结果表明:1) CO的最佳吸附方式为C端垂直吸附在Ni位;2)吸附后CO间的振动频率蓝移13 cm-1;3)在O空缺、边和角等位置的吸附不如在完整表面的吸附稳定,这些均与实验结果一致。吸附后CO把主要起反键作用的C2s电子给予簇表面,使得吸附后CO键级加大,导致吸附后振动频率蓝移。并比较了Gaussian98 和Crystal98的计算结果,两者的结果能较好地符合。     

Adsorption of bromide at the Ag(100) electrode surface

The adsorption and phase formation of bromide on Ag(100) has been studied by chronocoulometry and surface X-ray scattering (SXS). With increasing electrode potential, bromide undergoes a phase transition from a lattice gas to an ordered c(2×2) structure (θ=0.5). The degree of lateral disorder was estimated by comparing the SXS- and the electrochemical measurements. Based on chronocoulometric experiments, a thermodynamic analysis of charge density data was performed to describe the bromide adsorption at the Ag(100) electrode. The Gibbs surfaces excess, electrosorption valencies, Esin–Markov coefficients, and the Gibbs energy of adsorption, lateral interaction energies as well as surface dipole moments have been estimated. The experimental θ versus E- isotherms are modeled employing (i) a quasi-chemical approximation as well as (ii) the results of a recent Monte Carlo simulation. An attempt is made to discuss the structure data and thermodynamic quantities of bromide adsorption on Ag(100) on the basis of the Grahame–Parsons model of the Helmholtz layer.     

Chemical Reconstruction of Pt-Rh(100) Alloy and Pt/Rh(100), Rh/Pt(100) Bimetallic Surfaces

When Cu(110), Ni(l 10), Ag(110) surfaces are exposed to O₂ at room temperature, one dimensional metal-oxygen strings grow in the < 001 > direction of the (110) surfaces. A similar phenomenon occurs in the adsorption of H₂ on Ni( 110) surface at room temperature, where the one dimensional strings grow along the < 110 > direction. These phenomena are undoubtedly different from the adsorption induced reconstruction but are explained by the chemical reconstruction involving the formation of quasi-compounds and their self-ordering on the metal surfaces. The chemical reconstruction is indispensablly important to understand the structure and catalysis of alloy and bimetallic surfaces. Pt_0.25Rh_0.75(100) alloy surface being active for the reaction of NO with H₂ is an interesting example. When the Pt-Rh(100) alloy surface is exposed to NO or O₂ at arround 500 K, a p(3 × 1) ordered Rh-O over-layer is obtained on a Pt-enriched 2nd layer by the chemical reconstruction. Ordering of Rh-0 in the p(3 × 1) structure on the Pt(100) surface was reproduced by heating a Rh/Pt(100) bimetallic surface in O₂, and the chemical reconstruction making the p(3 × 1) Rh-O overlayer on a Pt enriched 2nd layer was also proved by heating a Pt/Rh(100) bimetallic surface in O₂ or NO. The activation mechanism of the Pt-Rh alloy and the Pt/Rh bimetallic surfaces by the chemical reconstruction was evidently shown by using a Pt deposited Rh(100), Pt/Rh(100), surface. That is, the Pt/Rh(100) is not so active for the reaction of NO with H₂, but the reconstructed p(3 × 1)Rh-O/Pt-layer/Rh(100) surface is very active for the reaction. Therefore, it was concluded that the chemical reconstruction of the Pt-Rh catalyst makes the active surface which is composed of Rh-O and a Pt layer.     

DOPA醌在Cu(100)表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用广义梯度密度泛函理论(GGA)的BLYP方法结合周期性平板模型,以原子簇Cu41为模拟表面,对DOPA醌分子在Cu(100)表面不同位置的吸附模型进行了构型优化、能量计算以及Mulliken布居分析,结果表明通过相邻的羰基垂直吸附在表面的桥位是其最佳吸附方式,吸附能为247.2310kJ/mol;其次为顶位、顶位R45和穴位,吸附能分别为227.7162kJ/mol、220.7305kJ/mol和217.8456kJ/mol。Mulliken布居分析结果表明整个吸附体系发生了由Cu原子向DOPA醌分子的电荷转移。     

Nucleation of CuGa Phases on the MgO(100) Surface

MSINDO calculations are presented for the coadsorption of Cu and Ga atoms as clusters and islands on the MgO(100) surface. The surface is simulated by a (8 × 8 × 3) Mg₉₆O₉₆ cyclic cluster. The relative number of Cu and Ga atoms was varied in order to understand the influence of copper rich and gallium rich phases. It was found that the copper atoms have a dominating influence on the structural arrangement in mixed phases. The adsorption sites of Cu and Ga atoms are preferably O atoms, but in mixed phases these sites are usually occupied by Cu atoms.     

Theoretical study of NO adsorption/dissociation on Pd (100) and (111) surfaces

Both adsorption and dissociation of the diatomic molecular NO on Pd (100) and (111) surfaces are studied using the extended London‐Eyring‐Polyani‐Sato (LEPS) method constructed by means of 5‐MP (the 5‐parameter Morse potential). All critical characteristics of the system that we obtain, such as adsorption geometry, binding energy, eigenvalues for vibration, are in good agreement with the experimental results. On Pd (100) surface, NO prefers to adsorb in fourfold hollow site (H) uprightly at low coverage. With increase in the coverage NO gradually tilts in fourfold hollow and bridge sites. For NO? Pd (111) system, two adsorption states are found at low coverage, of which one adsorption state is the B(tilt) state that the centroid of NO projects at bridge site, another (H? B? H state) that NO almost parallels to the (111) surface with the vibration frequency of 610 cm^?1, but the frequency is near to that of the atoms, which is easy to be ignored in experiments. At high coverage, two transitional states (BH and HT) are found. NO is difficult to dissociate on Pd (100) and (111) surfaces. Especially for NO? Pd (111) system, the three‐well‐potential dissociation mode is initially put forward to show the remarkable dissociation process with two dissociation transitional states of NO on Pd (111). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CoO(100)表面高分辩电子能损失谱与量子化学的从头算

ＣｏＯ（１００）表面高分辩电子能损失谱与量子化学的从头算石守衡（大连轻工业学院基础部物理化学教研室,大连,１１６０３４）关键词ＣｏＯ（１００）表面,高分辩电子能损失谱,从头算Ａ．Ｆｒｅｉｔａｇ等［１］用高辩电子能损失谱研究了ＮｉＯ（１００）表面的电子...     

First-principles Study of Adsorption and Dissociation of Methanol on the Pt(100) Surface

Using first-principles calculations, we studied the interaction of methanol with the Pt(100) surface based on generalized gradient approximation. We found that top sites of Pt(100) surface are the favored adsorptive positions in energy, and methanol molecule interacts with the Pt surface through oxygen atoms. Moreover, we also explored the possible dissociation pathways of methanol on the Pt surface, and suggested that the products of dissociation can be controlled by the external manipulation.     

甲胺在清洁及磷改性Mo(100)表面的解离

采用广义梯度近似(GGA)的密度泛函理论(DFT)(DFT-GGA)并结合平板模型, 研究了甲胺在清洁及磷(P)改性的Mo(100)表面(P-Mo(100))发生C—N键断裂的反应历程(CH3NH2→CH3+NH2). 优化了裂解过程中反应物、过渡态和产物的几何构型, 获得了反应路径上各物种的吸附能及反应的活化能数据. 计算结果表明, 在清洁和磷改性的Mo(100)表面, 甲胺均稳定吸附在顶位, 甲基和氨基最稳定的吸附位置均为桥位. 甲胺的C—N键在P-Mo(100)表面裂解的活化能为2.39 eV, 高于其在清洁表面的活化能(1.99 eV). 这表明Mo(100)表面被预吸附的P原子钝化了. 电子结构分析表明, 改性P原子使得金属Mo的供电子能力减弱, 导致它的d带中心下移, 从而降低了该表面的反应活性, 提高了甲胺的C—N键裂解的活化能. 活化能的分解表明, C—N键在P-Mo(100)与Mo(100)表面裂解的活化能的差异主要体现在初态到过渡态时甲胺的结构变化引起的能量变化(△EdefCH3NH2)、过渡态仅有甲基存在时的吸附能(ETSCH3)和过渡态甲基和氨基的相互作用(EintCH3…NH2). △EdefCH3NH2和ETSCH3使活化能升高幅度大于EintCH3…NH2使活化能降低幅度, 最终导致甲胺的C—N键在P-Mo(100)表面裂解的活化能要高于在Mo(100)表面裂解的活化能.     

The Ab Initio Studies of NO Chemisorption on TiO2(110) Surface

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｉｔａｎｉｕｍｄｉｏｘｉｄｅｉｓａｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎ ｍｅｔａｌｏｘｉｄｅｔｈａｔｈａｓｐｒｏｖｅｄｉｔｓｕｓｅｆｕｌｎｅｓｉｎａｗｉｄｅｒａｎｇｅｏｆｃａｔａｌｙｔｉｃａｎｄｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌａｐｐｌｉｃａ...     

密度泛函理论研究NO在CuCr2O4(100)表面的吸附

运用密度泛函理论研究了NO在CuCr₂O₄(100)表面4个可能吸附位的顶位吸附。结果表明:表面铜(Cu)和铬(Cr)为活性吸附位，吸附能分别为98.1 kJ·mol^-1和92.9 kJ·mol^-1。对活性吸附位Cu位和Cr位考虑了NO以N端和O端2种吸附取向的吸附，发现N端吸附比O端吸附更为有利，O端吸附为简单的物理吸附。在2种吸附取向情况下，N-O键的伸缩振动频率都发生了红移。Mulliken布居分析表明，N端吸附时NO分子失去电子;对NO吸附前后的态密度分析可知，对Cu位和Cr位N端吸附NO的2π轨道得到电子。本文并进一步讨论了NO分子在CuCr₂O₄ (100)表面Cu位和Cr位的成键机理。     

NO adsorption on the stoichiometric and reduced SnO2(110) surface

The adsorption of NO molecules on the perfect and defective (110) surfaces of SnO₂ was studied with first-principles methods at the density-functional theory level. It was found that NO mainly interacts via the nitrogen atom with the bridging oxygens of the stoichiometric surface while the coordinatively unsaturated surface Sn atoms are less reactive. On the oxygen-deficient surface, NO is preferentially adsorbed at the vacancy positions, with the nitrogen atom close to the former surface oxygen site. Regardless of the adsorption site, the unpaired electron is located mainly on the NO molecule and only partly on surface Sn atoms. The results for the SnO₂ surface are compared to literature results on the isostructural TiO₂ rutile (110) surface. Dedicated to Professor Karl Jug on the occasion of his 65th birthday     

H2O在Cu(100)表面吸附的从头算研究

用量子化学从头计算方法,以原子簇Cu₅为模拟表面,研究了水在Cu(100)面上不同吸附位的吸附情况,结果表明:水分子通过氧原子与表面成键,顶位是其最佳吸附位,吸附能约为70kJ/mol,平衡距离为0.213nm,氢原子远离表面.在氧原子不加极化函数时,水分子的二次轴垂直于表面时能量最低,但倾斜至50°所需能量仅在10kJ/mol以内.当考虑O原子d轨道的影响时,水分子倾斜时能量较低,得到了与实验相符的吸附构型.另外还研究了表面电荷对吸附体系的影响,结果表明:表面带正电荷时,水与表面间的相互作用增强,水上所转移电荷增多,Cu-O间平衡距离减小;表面带负电荷时,情况与之相反,且氢原子靠近表面时,势能曲线有最低点.