Good practice in the use of noise mapping software

After over 20 years of development, noise mapping software is, today, a professional tool that is widely used by many people with different backgrounds and experience in the applications, the data and the software used. The user has the possibility to influence the quality of the result of the noise mapping process. The major factors affecting good practice include:

• • 

  the user’s knowledge of the standard,

• • 

  the user’s knowledge of the software,

• • 

  documentation of software functions and its implementation of the standard,

• • 

  quality assurance of software implementation,

• • 

  documentation of software settings in calculation results,

• • 

  the user’s analysis of the quality and impact of the input data.

Several methods are available to ensure good practice and improve the quality of output through such methods as standardization and documentation, training and user certification. For example, in 2006, the European Commission Working Group Assessment of Exposure to Noise produced the “Good Practice Guide for Strategic Noise Mapping and the Production of Associated Data on Noise Exposure” Version 2.This article will describe the major factors where user influences the quality of the results and the methods to ensure good practice and improving the quality of output.     

Nonlinear Reformulation of Heisenberg's Dynamics

A structural similarity between Classical Mechanics (CM) and Quantum Mechanics (QM) was revealed by P.A.M. Dirac in terms of Lie Algebras: while in CM the dynamics is determined by the Lie algebra of Poisson brackets on the manifold of scalar fields for classical position/momentum observables Q/P, QM evolves (in Heisenberg's picture) according to the formally similar Lie algebra of commutator brackets of the corresponding operators:

Singularity formation for Prandtl’s equations

Si tratta di una memoria in cui si espongono alcuni progressi matematici recentemente compiuti nello studio delle equazioni di strato limite de Prandtl. Gli argomenti principali trattati sono la derivazione rigorosa delle equazioni stesse, la teoria matematica del problema di valore iniziale associato e la teoria delle soluzioni di similarità.

Abstract

Этa-излoжитeльнaя paбoтa o нeкoтopых мaтeмaтихecких ycпeхaх в изyхeнии ypaвнeний гpaнихнoгo cлoя Пpaндтля. Ocнoвныe paccмaтpывaeмыe вoпpocы: cтpoгий вывoд ypaвнeний, мaтe-мaтихecкaя тeopия cвязaннoй зaдaхи нaхaльнoгo знaхeния, и тeopия пoдoбнocтых pэшeний.

Microwave spectrum,quadrupole hyperfine interaction,and electric dipole moment of the BrF molecule

The measurements of the microwave spectrum of BrF were carried out on the hyperfine components of J = 1 ← 0 and J = 2 ← 1 rotational transitions of ⁷⁹BrF and ⁸¹BrF. A direct diagonalization procedure of the energy matrix of the total Hamiltonian including Stark effect has been used. The following constants were derived:

     

13.

Pionic K_α X-ray energy and linewidth IN ²⁰Ne and ²²Ne     

B.H. Olaniyi  G.A. Beer  A. Fry  J.A. Macdonald  G.R. Mason  A. Olin  R.M. Pearce  P.R. Poffenberger 《Nuclear Physics A》1982,384(3):345-352

We have measured the energies and linewidths of the pionic K_α X-rays for ²⁰Ne and ²²Ne using a natural liquid-neon target. The results are

79BrF

81BrF

Be (MHz) 10 667.610 (60)

10 616.522 (70)

eq0Q (MHz) 1086.80 (30)

908.09 (20)

eq1Q (MHz) 1085.66 (60)

907.41

     

14.

CO₂ laser-microwave double resonance and stark lamb-dip spectroscopy of the ν₅ band of CDF₃     

Kensuke Harada  Makoto Hatanaka  Akira Inayoshi  Keiichi Tanaka  Takehiko Tanaka 《Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy》1984,108(2):249-263

The LMDR (laser-microwave double resonance) spectroscopy with an intense electric field was applied to the ν₅ (CF₃ degenerate stretch) fundamental band of CDF₃. The dipole moments and polarizability anisotropies in the ground and ν₅ vibrational states were determined as follows.

20Ne	22Ne
Neenergy (keV)	239.12±0.14	230.49±0.88
width (keV)	15.43±0.41	12.65±3.51

     

15.

Stark spectroscopy with the CO laser: The ν₂ fundamentals of H₂CO and D₂CO     

J.W.C. Johns  A.R.W. McKellar 《Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy》1973,48(2):354-371

The ν₂ (CO stretching) vibration-rotation bands of H₂CO and D₂CO near 5.8 μm have been studied using the technique of laser Stark spectroscopy. The following vibrational and rotational constants have been determined:

	Ground	$\text{ν}{}_5$
μ (D)	1.653 511 (29)	1.658 514 (23)
α (Å3)	?0.77 (32)	?0.58 (48)

     

16.

The ν₁ and 3ν₁ bands of HNCO     

M. Carlotti  G. di Lonardo  G. Galloni  A. Trombetti 《Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy》1976,62(2):192-200

The infrared absorption of HNCO has been measured in the region of the NH stretching fundamental and in that of the second overtone. The results for the excited states are (in cm^?1):

Constant	H2CO	D2CO	Unit
$\text{ν}{}_0$	1746.011	1701.620	cm?1
$\text{A′}$	281807.8 ± 6.	141696.6 ± 7.	MHz
$\text{B′}$	38608.7 ± 5.	32068.4 ± 7.	MHz
$\text{C′}$	33738.7 ± 3.	25998.6 ± 10.	MHz
μ″	2.328 ± 0.006	2.344 ± 0.006	Debye
μ′	2.344 ± 0.006	2.364 ± 0.005	Debye

     

17.

The electric dipole moment of the hydrogen-bonded heterodimer HCN⋯HF. An investigation of the conditions leading to inadequacy of the second- and fourth-order perturbation theories of the Stark effect for linear molecules     

A.C Legon  D.J Millen  S.C Rogers 《Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy》1978,70(2):209-215

We have detected large deviations of the M_J = 0, J = 2 ← 1 Stark effect transition in the linear molecule HCN?HF from predictions of second-, and even fourth-, order perturbation theory. In order to account satisfactorily for the observed effect it has been necessary to set up and diagonalize the appropriate energy matrix. Smaller deviations in the case of M_J = 1, J = 2 ← 1 have likewise been treated. The values of the electric dipole moment for HCN?HF calculated from these transitions, which show large and small deviations from second-order theory, and from one (M_J = 3, J = 4 ← 3) which shows effectively zero deviation, are now consistent and are as follows:

Band	$\text{ν}{}_0$	$\text{A-}\text{B}$	B	C
$\text{ν}{}_1$	3533.1	27.0	—	—
$\text{3ν}{}_1$	10145.79	22.6713	0.368426	0.361722

     

18.

The elastic moduli and their pressure and temperature derivatives for calcium oxide     

Alan L. Dragoo  Ian L. Spain 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》1977,38(7):705-710

The room temperature adiabatic elastic moduli of CaO were obtained using a pulse superposition technique to measure the ultrasonic velocities. The elastic moduli were found to be (in GPa) at 298 K.

$\text{J + 1 ← J}$	$\text{M}{}_{\mathrm{J}}$		μ/D
2 ← 1	0		5.627
	1		5.601
4 ← 3	3		5.608
		Mean	5.612

     

19.

Rotational analysis of a ²Δ-²Π system of NiF     

B. Pinchemel  Y. Lefebvre  J. Schamps 《Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy》1979,77(1):29-35

A ²Δ-²Π system of NiF has been obtained in emission from a “composite wall hollow cathode” in the blue region. High-dispersion rotational analysis has led to the following constants (in cm^?1):

c11	c12	c44
226.2 ±0.9	62.4 ±0.9	80.6 ±0.3 The pressure derivatives of the elastic moduli, which were measured at and below room temperature, decrease with decreasing temperature. The temperature derivatives of the elastic moduli were also obtained for several temperatures below room temperature.

     

20.

The ν₃ fundamental band of HDCO     

J.W.C Johns  A.R.W McKellar 《Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy》1977,64(2):327-339

The ν₃ fundamental band (CO stretch) of HDCO at 1724 cm^?1 has been studied using both conventional infrared absorption and CO laser Stark spectroscopy. In addition to the excited-state (v₃ = 1) rotational constants, improved constants for the ground state of HDCO have been obtained by combining previous microwave data with some infrared combination differences. The following constants were determined:

	2Π1/2	2Π3/2	2Δ3/2	2Δ5/2
B	0.3861	0.3886	0.3772	0.3792
D × 106	0.46	0.35	0.40	0.37
p	0.154
pj	?3.8 × 10-6

     

Constant	Ground state	$\text{v}{}_3\text{= 1}$ state	Units
$\text{ν}{}_0$		1724.267	cm?1
$\text{A}$	198 119.75	198 210.4	MHz
$\text{B}$	34 910.646	34 676.6	MHz
$\text{C}$	29 561.488	29 331.3	MHz
$\text{μ}{}_{\mathrm{a}}$	2.3302	2.3486	D
$\text{μ}{}_{\mathrm{b}}$	0.195	0.190	D

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Pionic Kα X-ray energy and linewidth IN 20Ne and 22Ne

We have measured the energies and linewidths of the pionic K_α X-rays for ²⁰Ne and ²²Ne using a natural liquid-neon target. The results are

CO2 laser-microwave double resonance and stark lamb-dip spectroscopy of the ν5 band of CDF3

The LMDR (laser-microwave double resonance) spectroscopy with an intense electric field was applied to the ν₅ (CF₃ degenerate stretch) fundamental band of CDF₃. The dipole moments and polarizability anisotropies in the ground and ν₅ vibrational states were determined as follows.

Stark spectroscopy with the CO laser: The ν2 fundamentals of H2CO and D2CO

The ν₂ (CO stretching) vibration-rotation bands of H₂CO and D₂CO near 5.8 μm have been studied using the technique of laser Stark spectroscopy. The following vibrational and rotational constants have been determined:

The ν1 and 3ν1 bands of HNCO

The infrared absorption of HNCO has been measured in the region of the NH stretching fundamental and in that of the second overtone. The results for the excited states are (in cm^?1):

The electric dipole moment of the hydrogen-bonded heterodimer HCN⋯HF. An investigation of the conditions leading to inadequacy of the second- and fourth-order perturbation theories of the Stark effect for linear molecules

We have detected large deviations of the M_J = 0, J = 2 ← 1 Stark effect transition in the linear molecule HCN?HF from predictions of second-, and even fourth-, order perturbation theory. In order to account satisfactorily for the observed effect it has been necessary to set up and diagonalize the appropriate energy matrix. Smaller deviations in the case of M_J = 1, J = 2 ← 1 have likewise been treated. The values of the electric dipole moment for HCN?HF calculated from these transitions, which show large and small deviations from second-order theory, and from one (M_J = 3, J = 4 ← 3) which shows effectively zero deviation, are now consistent and are as follows:

The elastic moduli and their pressure and temperature derivatives for calcium oxide

The room temperature adiabatic elastic moduli of CaO were obtained using a pulse superposition technique to measure the ultrasonic velocities. The elastic moduli were found to be (in GPa) at 298 K.

Rotational analysis of a 2Δ-2Π system of NiF

A ²Δ-²Π system of NiF has been obtained in emission from a “composite wall hollow cathode” in the blue region. High-dispersion rotational analysis has led to the following constants (in cm^?1):

The ν3 fundamental band of HDCO

The ν₃ fundamental band (CO stretch) of HDCO at 1724 cm^?1 has been studied using both conventional infrared absorption and CO laser Stark spectroscopy. In addition to the excited-state (v₃ = 1) rotational constants, improved constants for the ground state of HDCO have been obtained by combining previous microwave data with some infrared combination differences. The following constants were determined: