基于不连续场修正权的无网格断裂分析

本文采用了一种基于不连续场修正权函数的无网格方法来处理二维平面问题中的有限长裂纹。相较于目前常用的无网格裂纹不连续性处理方案,采用修正权函数处理裂纹附近不连续场时只需要对原权函数进行修正,算法简便易实现。本文采用基于不连续场修正权函数的无单元Galerkin方法（EFGM）,对在边界上施加I-II混合型裂纹位移场的斜裂纹板进行了数值分析。并与可视性准则、衍射法和透射法等不连续准则对比了裂尖位移场、应力场和应力强度因子解的数值精度。另外,本文还对这四种不连续准则形函数的计算效率进行了分析和比较。     

含裂纹体的单位分解扩展无网格方法

不连续体的数值模拟尤其是动态裂纹的追踪问题一直是工程界研究的热点和难点问题。无网格方法仅仅需要结点信息,非常适合于求解这类问题。基于单位分解思想,在移动最小二乘近似函数(MLS)中根据裂纹面的不连续位移增加一个Heaviside函数,在裂尖则增加四个扩展函数描述渐进裂纹位移场;应用Galerkin方法推导了平衡方程的离散线性方程,并给出了求解裂纹问题应力强度因子的计算公式。与其他类型的扩展无网格相比,在裂尖处近似函数不需要使用可视准则,很容易生成r1/2奇异;另一个优势是影响域并没有因为裂纹的存在而改变,不会降低方程的稀疏性,求解效率较高。数值算例表明,该方法能方便有效地模拟不连续问题,具有十分广阔的应用空间。     

无网格与有限元的耦合在动态断裂研究中的应用

提出将无网格Galerkin法与有限元耦合的方法用于分析动态裂纹扩展问题,只在裂尖附近区域沿裂纹扩展方向布置无网格结点,而在其他区域采用一般的有限元,区域交界处的结点采用MLS方法插值,然后将求得的结点值再分配到有限单元的相关结点上,保证了无网格区域和有限元区域的交界处位移的连续。避免了网格的再生成,同时也克服了单纯使用无网格Galerkin法所带来的边界条件难处理及计算效率较低的缺点。数值算例显示这种方法是有效的。     

特征距离和扩充无网格法分析多裂纹相互作用

提出特征距离这一概念对内部基扩充无网格法进行修正,并数值模拟了多裂纹之间的相互作用。特征距离法用于选择内部基扩充无网格Galerkin法的奇异基函数,该方法仅对传统的内部基扩充无网格Galerkin法作了很小的改进,即可方便地应用于求解多裂纹问题;给出了相互作用能量积分计算混合型模式下的应力强度因子,数值模拟了三条内部裂纹和六条边裂纹问题,并与杂交位移不连续边界元法的计算结果进行比较。数值结果表明:修正的内部基扩充无网格法可以方便、有效地求解多裂纹问题,在不增加附加节点和自由度的情况下与杂交位移不连续方法的计算精度非常接近。     

力电耦合扩展无网格伽辽金法在压电柔性臂断裂分析中的研究

为提高含裂纹压电柔性臂在断裂分析中的求解精度,基于压电材料断裂力学理论,建立了压电柔性臂的力学分析模型。将描述裂纹尖端奇异性的位移场函数和电场函数引入到传统无网格伽辽金法中,提出了力电耦合扩展无网格伽辽金法。与传统无网格伽辽金法相比,本方法只需要较小的影响域来描述裂尖奇异场,并且节点影响域不会被裂纹线影响,不要可视准则和衍射准则,提高了计算精度。由虚拟裂纹闭合法推导了压电材料能量释放率,讨论了不同高斯点密度对强计算结果的影响。与解析解、有限元法的计算结果进行了比较,在高斯点个数为6×6时,扩展无网格伽辽金法的计算误差为1.88%,明显好于有限元的计算误差2.5%。数值算例结果表明本方法具有较高的计算精度。     

孔洞对平面裂纹应力强度因子影响分析的广义参数Williams单元

本文采用圆形奇异区广义参数Williams单元（W单元）建立了中心裂纹与圆孔共存的平面应力模型,奇异区外围利用ABAQUS有限元软件自动网格离散技术与FORTRAN95编程前处理相结合,克服了自主编程中网格离散的局限性．算例分析了圆孔位置和几何参数对I-II混合型裂纹尖端应力强度因子(SIFs)的影响,并与扩展有限元法(XFEM)计算结果进行比较．结果表明：靠近圆孔一侧的裂尖SIFs大于远离圆孔一侧的裂尖SIFs;控制圆孔左边缘到裂纹中心的距离,则两侧裂尖SIFs随圆孔半径的增大而增大;圆孔中心与裂纹中心水平距离越远,圆孔对裂纹扩展的影响越小．同时,基于圆形奇异区的W单元直接计算得到的裂尖SIFs与扩展有限元法得到的解吻合较好,证明了W单元对奇异区离散形状不敏感,且具有高效率和高精度．     

粘聚裂纹扩展的强化有限元h型网格自适应模拟

非连续变形分析和非规则节点处理是基于单元细划的粘聚裂纹扩展网格自适应模拟的关键。首先,利用强化有限单元法中数学单元和物理单元分离的特点,通过引入过渡单元,将适用于非连续变形描述的数学模式覆盖法和方便处理非规则节点的物理模式重构法结合,提出了强化有限单元法的统一关联法则,并导出了相应的单元列式。其次,基于数学裂纹尖端影响域和裂尖单元尺寸,提出了基于强化有限单元法的粘聚裂纹扩展过程模拟的h型网格自适应策略。最后,通过两个算例验证了本文方法的合理性和有效性。     

应用半权函数法计算界面裂纹的应力强度因子

应用半权函数法求解双材料界面裂纹的应力强度因子，得到以半权函数对参考位移与应力加权积分的形式表示的应力强度因子。针对特征值为复数λ的双材料界面裂纹裂尖应力和位移场，设置与之对应特征值为-λ的位移函数，即半权函数。半权函数的应力函数满足平衡方程，应力应变关系，界面的连续条件以及在裂纹面上面力为0；半权函数与裂纹体的几何尺寸无关，对边界条件没有要求。由功的互等定理得到应力强度因子KⅠ和KⅡ的积分形式表达式。本文计算了多种情况下界面裂纹应力强度因子的算例，与文献结果符合得很好。由于裂尖应力的振荡奇异性已经在积分中避免，只需考虑绕裂尖远场的任意路径上位移和应力，即使采用该路径上较粗糙的参考解也可以得到较精确的结果。     

裂纹问题的一致性高阶无网格法

一致性高阶无网格法能高效精确地求解连续体问题,尤其是能得到高精度的应力场。本文将该方法拓展到应力解析精度至关重要的裂纹问题（即非连续体问题）的数值分析。采用背景积分网格描述裂纹几何,基于无需增加节点额外自由度的虚拟节点法描述裂纹处位移场的间断,提出了虚拟节点的引入算法和断裂单元的数值积分方法。为进一步模拟裂纹扩展,采用相互作用积分方法计算应力强度因子,裂纹的扩展方向由最大周向应力准则确定。数值结果表明,本文发展方法能够精确地通过间断分片试验;相较于标准的高阶无网格法和低阶一致性无网格法,本文的一致性高阶无网格法显著改善了应力强度因子的计算精度,能够准确预测裂纹扩展路径。     

无网格方法的研究进展与展望

目前正在发展的无网格方法采用基于点的近似,可以彻底或部分地消除网格,因此在处理不连续和大变形问题时可以完全抛开网格重构。无网格方法是目前科学和工程计算方法研究的热点,也是科学和工程计算发展的趋势。本文首先简单地阐述了无网格方法,然后详细叙述了目前提出的各种无网格方法的研究进展,最后对目前无网格方法存在的问题进行了探讨,提出了今后的研究方向。     

Isotropic/orthotropic two-layered strips containing cracks terminating at and going through an interface

Crack problems for isotropic/orthotropic two-layered strips have been investigated. A system of two singular integral equations can be derived by using Fourier integral transformation and boundary conditions of crack problems. After stress singularities at crack tips or other special points are determined for internal and edge cracks, and for cracks terminating at and going through the interface, the system of singular integral equations is solved numerically by Gauss-Jacobi or Gauss-Chebyshev integration formulas for stress intensity factors at the tips and other singular points of cracks. Finally, possible crack growth behavior for cracks approaching and going through the interface is discussed.     

反平面弹性中边缘内分叉裂纹的奇异积分方程解法

利用复变函数和奇异积分方程方法,求解反平面弹性中半平面边缘内分叉裂纹问题。提出了满足半平面边界自由的由分布位错密度表示的半平面中单裂纹的基本解,此基本解由主要部分和辅助部分组成。将半平面边缘内分叉裂纹问题看作是许多单裂纹问题的叠加,建立了以分布位错密度为未知函数的Cauchy型奇异积分方程组。然后,利用半开型积分法则求解奇异积分方程,得到了裂纹端处的应力强度因子。文中给出两个数值算例的计算结果。     

SELF-SIMILAR CRACK EXPANSION METHOD FOR THE STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR ANALYSIS

The Self-Similar Crack Expansion (SSCE) method is proposed to evaluate stress intensi-ty factors at crack tips, whereby stress intensity factors of a crack can be determined by the crackopening displacement over the crack, not just by the local displacement around the crack tip. The crackexpansion rate is estimated by taking advantage of the crack self-similarity. Therefore, the accuracy ofthe calculation is improved. The singular integrals on crack tip elements are also analyzed and are pre-cisely evaluated in terms of a special integral analysis. Combination of these two techniques greatly in-creases the accuracy in estimating the stress distribution around the crack tip. A variety of two-dimen-sional cracks, such as subsurface cracks, edge cracks, and their interactions are calculated in terms ofthe self-similar expansion rate. Solutions are satisfied with errors less than 0.5% as compared with theanalytical solutions. Based on the calculations of the crack interactions, a theory for crack interactionsis proposed such that for a group of aligned cracks the summation of the square of SIFs at the right tipsof cracks is always equal to that at the left tips of cracks. This theory was proved by the mehtod ofSelf-Similar Crack Expansion in this paper.     

Extended meshless method based on partition of unity for solving multiple crack problems

An extended meshless method based on partition of unity was used in this study to simulate multiple cracks. The cracks are implicitly denoted by a jump in the displacement field function, which has nodes that have domains of influence completely segmented by cracks. Nodes whose domains of influence are partially segmented by cracks are extended by the crack tip singularity function. The influence domain of a node is independent of cracks so that the sparsity of the system equations should not be affected by cracks and the computing time should not increase with the effect of the cracks. Additionally, r ^?1/2 singularity can be accurately reproduced at the crack tip. Compared with the modified intrinsic enriched meshless method, our method has a higher computational efficiency and precision. Several numerical examples show that the extended meshless method based on partition of unity is feasible and effective in simulating multiple cracks.     

三维间断位移法及强奇异和超奇异积分的处理方法

从积分方程Somigliana等式出发,导出三维状态下单位位错集度的基本解.在此基础上,建立了边界积分方程,并给出了其离散形式.对强奇异和超奇异积分,采用了Hadamard定义的有限部分积分来处理.最后,给出了计算裂纹应力强度因子的算例,并与解析解进行了比较,证实了该方法的有效性.     

裂纹体分析的权函数理论与应用: 回顾和展望

断裂力学是工程材料和结构的疲劳与断裂分析、损伤容限设计和结构完整性评定的理论基础. 应力强度因子作为线弹性裂纹尖端奇异场的单一表征参量和裂纹扩展驱动力, 在裂纹体的断裂力学分析中发挥着关键作用. 权函数法为复杂受载裂纹体的应力强度因子求解计算提供了强有力的解析工具, 不但具有远高于各类数值解法的计算效率, 而且精度可靠, 使用方便. 本文结合笔者团队在权函数法方面的长期研究工作, 对该方法自20世纪70年代初提出至今半个世纪以来, 国际断裂界在二维和三维权函数理论与应用方面的主要研究进展作了回顾和评述, 并对其未来发展提出了展望. 主要内容涵盖: 当前国际断裂界广泛应用的3种二维裂纹解析权函数法简介和以格林函数为基准的验证评价; 三维裂纹问题的片条合成权函数法和点载荷权函数法; 权函数法在复杂受载裂纹体的应力强度因子和裂纹张开位移等关键力学参量计算、内聚力/桥连等裂纹模型分析、共线多裂纹权函数理论及其在剩余强度预测等方面的应用, 以及复杂裂纹几何的工程化权函数分析和权函数法的反向应用问题.      

A new integral equation formulation of two-dimensional inclusion–crack problems

A new integral equation formulation of two-dimensional infinite isotropic medium (matrix) with various inclusions and cracks is presented in this paper. The proposed integral formulation only contains the unknown displacements on the inclusion–matrix interfaces and the discontinuous displacements over the cracks. In order to solve the inclusion–crack problems, the displacement integral equation is used when the source points are acting on the inclusion–matrix interfaces, whilst the stress integral equation is adopted when the source points are being on the crack surfaces. Thus, the resulting system of equations can be formulated so that the displacements on the inclusion–matrix interfaces and the discontinuous displacements over the cracks can be obtained. Based on one point formulation, the stress intensity factors at the crack tips can be achieved. Numerical results from the present method are in excellent agreement with those from the conventional boundary element method.     

直接增强自然单元法计算应力强度因子

自然单元法是一种新兴的无网格数值计算方法,但应用于裂纹问题计算时,其近似函数并不能准确反映裂纹尖端渐进应力场的奇异性,为获得足够的计算精度,需要在缝尖附近增大结点的布置密度。针对裂纹问题提出一种增强的自然单元法,将缝尖渐近位移场函数嵌入到自然单元法近似函数中,给出了增强试函数的构造方法,推导了总体刚度矩阵和荷载列阵的相关列式。应力强度因子可以作为附加未知量直接算得,也可用J积分或相互作用能量积分方法进行计算,对增强区域的选择和影响进行了分析。算例结果表明,基于增强自然单元法采用围线积分方法计算应力强度因子具有很高的精度,但直接以附加结点自由度形式计算则精度有所降低。     

Enriched meshless manifold method for two-dimensional crack modeling

The meshless manifold method is based on the partition of unity method and the finite cover approximation theory which provides a unified framework for solving problems dealing with both continuum with and without discontinuities. The meshless manifold method employs two cover systems. The mathematical cover system provides the nodes for forming finite covers of the solution domain and the partition of unity functions. And the physical cover system describes geometry of the domain and the discontinuous surfaces in the domain. The shape functions are derived by the partition of unity and the finite covers approximation theory. In meshless manifold method, the mathematical finite cover approximation theory is used to model cracks that lead to interior discontinuities in the displacement. Therefore, the discontinuity is treated mathematically instead of empirically by the existing methods. However, one cover of a node is divided into two irregular sub-covers when the meshless manifold method is used to model the discontinuity. As a result, the method sometimes causes numerical errors at the tip of a crack. To improve the precision of the meshless manifold method, the enriched methods are introduced in this work for crack problems.