壳聚糖固载的四苯基钴卟啉催化空气氧化环己烷

 将金属卟啉吸附固载到壳聚糖上,在室温下制备了壳聚糖四苯基钴卟啉催化剂,并用紫外光谱技术测定了四苯基钴卟啉的固载量. 在未加入任何溶剂和还原剂的条件下,研究了壳聚糖四苯基钴卟啉催化空气氧化环己烷的性能. 在418 K和0.8 MPa的空气压力下,壳聚糖四苯基钴卟啉能够很好地催化空气氧化环己烷,环己烷转化率为11%,相应的主产物环己醇和环己酮的选择性为87%,转化数为2.9×105,与未固载的四苯基钴卟啉相比,其催化性能大大提高,环己烷转化率和转化数分别提高了10倍和27倍. 研究结果表明: 壳聚糖对四苯基钴卟啉不仅有明显的保护作用,使之免遭氧化破坏,而且还有重要的助催化作用.     

苯环上氯取代位对四苯基金属卟啉催化烯烃环氧化性能的影响

以苯乙烯、环己烯和反式二苯乙烯为烯烃底物,以双氧水、叔丁基过氧化氢和异丙苯过氧化氢为氧化剂,以苯环上对位和邻位氯取代的四苯基金属卟啉为仿生催化剂,对烯烃的催化环氧化反应进行了对比研究.讨论了不同氯取代位的四苯基金属卟啉对烯烃环氧化性能的影响.实验结果表明,在没有助催化剂存在下,邻位氯代的四(2,6-二氯苯基)铁(锰)卟啉对烯烃的环氧化具有优异的催化性能,烯烃底物的转化率和环氧选择性都比对位氯代的四苯基铁(锰)卟啉高,且反应条件温和.其中FeⅢ(TDCPP)Cl的催化性能最好,环氧化选择性最高,催化氧化苯乙烯时,环氧苯乙烷的选择性达到了90.4%.相同金属离子不同配体的金属卟啉传递氧原子的能力为TDCPP>T(p-Cl)PP>TPP.氧化剂的结构对环氧化物的选择性有较大影响.过氧键连有吸电子基团的异丙苯过氧化氢对环氧化物的选择性最高.根据实验结果,对金属卟啉催化环氧化机理进行了分析.     

Effect of Phenyl CI Substituent Position on the Catalytic Performance for Olefin Epoxidation of Tetraphenylmetalloporphyrins

以苯乙烯、环己烯和反式二苯乙烯为烯烃底物,以双氧水、叔丁基过氧化氢和异丙苯过氧化氢为氧化剂,以苯环上对位和邻位氯取代的四苯基金属卟啉为仿生催化剂,对烯烃的催化环氧化反应进行了对比研究.讨论了不同氯取代位的四苯基金属卟啉对烯烃环氧化性能的影响.实验结果表明,在没有助催化剂存在下,邻位氯代的四（2,6-二氯苯基）铁（锰）卟啉对烯烃的环氧化具有优异的催化性能,烯烃底物的转化率和环氧选择性都比对位氯代的四苯基铁（锰）卟啉高,且反应条件温和.其中FeⅢ（TDCPP）Cl的催化性能最好,环氧化选择性最高,催化氧化苯乙烯时,环氧苯乙烷的选择性达到了90.4%.相同金属离子不同配体的金属卟啉传递氧原子的能力为TDCPP〉T（p-Cl）PP〉TPP.氧化剂的结构对环氧化物的选择性有较大影响.过氧键连有吸电子基团的异丙苯过氧化氢对环氧化物的选择性最高.根据实验结果,对金属卟啉催化环氧化机理进行了分析.     

咪唑修饰硅胶配位固载锰(Ⅲ)卟啉对环己烷空气氧化的催化作用

应用3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷和咪唑成功地对硅胶表面进行了修饰,并通过咪唑基纵轴配位方式固载了四苯基锰(Ⅲ)卟啉.在无任何外加溶剂及共还原剂的条件下,应用此高分子金属卟啉作为催化剂,选择性地催化空气氧化环己烷为环己酮和环己醇.研究结果表明,与未固载金属卟啉相比,固载金属卟啉具有更高的催化活性和催化选择性,反应具有更高的酮醇比,催化剂的稳定性有了较大的提高,便于回收和重复使用.另外还探讨了载体在此催化体系中对催化性能的影响.     

乙酰糖基金属卟啉的合成及其对烷烃温和氧化的选择性催化作用

由吡咯和葡萄糖取代苯甲醛直接缩合制备了两种葡萄糖取代卟吩,四(邻位乙酰葡萄糖氧代苯基)卟吩和四(间位乙酰葡萄糖氧代苯基)卟吩,它们进一步金属化合成了四种葡萄糖金属卟啉,氯化四(邻位乙酰葡萄糖氧代苯基)卟吩合铁、氯化四(间位乙酰葡萄糖氧代苯基)卟吩合铁、氯化四(邻位四乙酰葡萄糖氧代苯基)卟吩合锰和氯化四(间位乙酰葡萄糖氧代苯基)卟吩合锰。它们的结构由紫外-可见光谱、元素分析和核磁共振证实。研究了这些葡萄糖取代金属卟啉对亚碘酰苯常温常压下氧化异戊烷反应的选择性催化作用。研究表明,糖基金属卟啉催化异戊烷端基碳氢键的氧化,对一级碳氢键表现出专一性催化作用。非糖基金属卟啉催化异戊烷二级和三级碳氢键的氧化。与非糖基金属卟啉比较,糖基金属卟啉对烷烃羟基化反应的催化行为更接近细胞色素P-450单充氧酶。     

金属卟啉的电化学性质与其催化氧化α-蒎烯性能的关系

 采用循环伏安法对一系列四苯基金属卟啉的电化学氧化还原性质进行了研究,考察了四苯基金属卟啉的第一还原电位与其催化氧化α-蒎烯性能的关系. 结果表明,各四苯基金属卟啉催化空气氧化α-蒎烯转化率的大小顺序为 TPPMnⅢCl＞TPPCoⅢCl＞TPPFeⅢCl＞TPPCuⅡ≈TPPNiⅡ≈TPPZnⅡ,除TPPCoⅢCl外,基本与其第一还原电位的大小顺序一致. 随着卟啉环上取代基供电子能力的减弱,各取代基铁卟啉和锰卟啉的第一还原电位E1值均逐渐减小,表现在催化体系中是它们越容易被还原而引发反应,催化氧化α-蒎烯的转化率逐渐升高. 四苯基铁卟啉和锰卟啉的第一还原电位E1与其卟啉环上对位取代基常数σ*之间均有良好的线性关系.     

单取代色氨酸四苯基卟啉及其配合物的合成、结构表征及催化性质研究

模拟细胞色素 P- 4 5 0的活性中心金属卟啉及周围氨基酸残基的结构 ,研究以其共轭大 π电子体系和中心金属原子价改变为基础的金属卟啉的氧化还原性质 ,以及中心金属对轴向配体的配位能力是当前人们感兴趣的课题[1 ] 。本文报道了 5 - [(对 - N-色氨酸丁氧基 )苯基 ]- 10 -15 - 2 0 -三 (对氯苯基 )卟啉及其铁、钴、锰配合物的合成、结构表征和对芳醛的催化氧化行为。实　验　部　分合成1.色氨酸四苯基卟啉 (H2 L )的合成 :　按文献 [2 ]先合成单对羟基卟啉 (收率 4 .2 % ) ,再与1,4二溴丁烷反应得单对溴丁氧基四苯基卟啉 (收率 6 0 % ) ,…     

以卟啉为前驱体制备的M-N-C(M=Co,Fe,Mn)催化剂中不同过渡金属中心对催化乙苯氧化反应的影响

近年来,过渡金属氮碳材料由于其廉价、高效与持久耐用的性质得到广泛研究,被视为钯基催化剂的良好替代品.除了可应用于电催化领域,过渡金属氮碳材料还可作为有机反应催化剂,并显示出良好的催化性能.金属卟啉化合物因其高效模拟自然酶的仿生催化功能而闻名,然而在均相催化体系中其难回收、易自我氧化失活的缺点大大阻碍了其实际应用.对金属卟啉进行热处理是提高其催化性能与稳定性的有效方法.此外,作为内部含有金属-氮配合键的含碳大环化合物,金属卟啉是一步合成金属氮碳材料的良好前驱体.本课题组已证明以金属钴卟啉作为前驱体制得的金属氮碳催化剂具有良好的催化乙苯氧化性能.在此基础上,本文采用含有不同过渡金属中心的四苯基金属卟啉(四苯基钴卟啉、四苯基铁卟啉和四苯基钴卟啉)为前驱体,通过无模板法热处理制备了过渡金属氮碳催化剂M-N-C (M=Co,Fe,Mn),考察不同过渡金属中心对催化剂性能的影响.所得催化剂采用N2吸附-脱附、热重(TG)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线光电子能谱进行了表征.N2吸附-脱附结果表明,所得M-N-C材料具有不同的比表面积与孔道结构,其中Co-N-C催化剂比表面积最大.TG显示,不同金属卟啉的失重情况不同,四苯基钴卟啉失重最多,四苯基铁卟啉次之,四苯基锰卟啉失重最少.从TEM和Raman结果可见,所得不同金属氮碳材料具有不同的石墨化程度,其中Co-N-C材料具有明显的石墨化层状碳结构,石墨化程度最高,Fe-N-C材料次之,而Mn-N-C材料中的碳主要呈片状无定形状态,表明其石墨化程度最低.这可能是不同过渡金属中心在加热过程中对卟啉结构碳化过程催化效果不同所致,其中钴中心对卟啉结构碳化过程的催化效果最佳.另外,考察了该M-N-C催化剂在无溶剂条件下催化分子氧选择性氧化乙苯的性能.结果发现,不同金属中心的M-N-C催化剂表现出不同的催化性能.这可能归因于金属种类的不同、所得催化剂碳氮结构的差别以及金属中心与氮碳结构的协同效应.此外,这些M-N-C材料作为多相催化剂在以氧气为氧源的无溶剂选择性氧化乙苯反应中表现出良好的催化性能,且多次使用后没有明显的活性损失,具有良好的回收使用性能.     

以卟啉为前驱体制备的M-N-C(M=Co,Fe,Mn)催化剂中不同过渡金属中心对催化乙苯氧化反应的影响（英文）

近年来,过渡金属氮碳材料由于其廉价、高效与持久耐用的性质得到广泛研究,被视为钯基催化剂的良好替代品.除了可应用于电催化领域,过渡金属氮碳材料还可作为有机反应催化剂,并显示出良好的催化性能.金属卟啉化合物因其高效模拟自然酶的仿生催化功能而闻名,然而在均相催化体系中其难回收、易自我氧化失活的缺点大大阻碍了其实际应用.对金属卟啉进行热处理是提高其催化性能与稳定性的有效方法.此外,作为内部含有金属-氮配合键的含碳大环化合物,金属卟啉是一步合成金属氮碳材料的良好前驱体.本课题组已证明以金属钴卟啉作为前驱体制得的金属氮碳催化剂具有良好的催化乙苯氧化性能.在此基础上,本文采用含有不同过渡金属中心的四苯基金属卟啉(四苯基钴卟啉、四苯基铁卟啉和四苯基钴卟啉)为前驱体,通过无模板法热处理制备了过渡金属氮碳催化剂M-N-C(M=Co,Fe,Mn),考察不同过渡金属中心对催化剂性能的影响.所得催化剂采用N_2吸附-脱附、热重(TG)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线光电子能谱进行了表征.N_2吸附-脱附结果表明,所得M-N-C材料具有不同的比表面积与孔道结构,其中Co-N-C催化剂比表面积最大.TG显示,不同金属卟啉的失重情况不同,四苯基钴卟啉失重最多,四苯基铁卟啉次之,四苯基锰卟啉失重最少.从TEM和Raman结果可见,所得不同金属氮碳材料具有不同的石墨化程度,其中Co-N-C材料具有明显的石墨化层状碳结构,石墨化程度最高,Fe-N-C材料次之,而Mn-N-C材料中的碳主要呈片状无定形状态,表明其石墨化程度最低.这可能是不同过渡金属中心在加热过程中对卟啉结构碳化过程催化效果不同所致,其中钴中心对卟啉结构碳化过程的催化效果最佳.另外,考察了该M-N-C催化剂在无溶剂条件下催化分子氧选择性氧化乙苯的性能.结果发现,不同金属中心的M-N-C催化剂表现出不同的催化性能.这可能归因于金属种类的不同、所得催化剂碳氮结构的差别以及金属中心与氮碳结构的协同效应.此外,这些M-N-C材料作为多相催化剂在以氧气为氧源的无溶剂选择性氧化乙苯反应中表现出良好的催化性能,且多次使用后没有明显的活性损失,具有良好的回收使用性能.     

四苯基金属卟啉化学修饰电极的研究

氧的催化还原在各类燃料电池的研究中具有重要意义。本文研究了四苯基锰、铁、钴镍、卟啉和四苯基卟啉化学修饰玻碳电极。     

Catalysis of cyclohexane oxidation with air using various chitosan-supported metallotetraphenylporphyrin complexes

Three types of chitosan-supported metallotetraphenylporphyrins were prepared at room temperature by loading iron, cobalt and manganese tetraphenylporphyrins (TPP) onto chitosan. These were employed as catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane in the absence of additives and solvents. Three chitosan-supported and three simple metallotetraphenylporphyrins (MTPPs) showed different catalytic activity for the oxidation of cyclohexane. Under optimum reaction conditions of 418 K and 0.8 MPa, both the cobalt TPP and the corresponding chitosan-supported complex showed the highest catalytic activity, but lower ketone and alcohol selectivity. The reverse situation was observed for the iron TPP and the corresponding chitosan-supported complex. For cyclohexane oxidation, there was a difference in catalytic activity and ketone and alcohol selectivity between the simple MTTPs or the corresponding chitosan-supported complexes. These differences in catalysis probably result from two factors: the potential for O₂ activation of the different bivalent metal ions, which affects the activity of the corresponding chitosan-supported MTPPs and chitosan assistance of the MTPP catalysis.     

Efficient catalytic cycloalkane oxidation employing a "helmet" phthalocyaninato iron(III) complex

We have examined the catalytic activity of an iron(III) complex bearing the 14,28-[1,3-diiminoisoindolinato]phthalocyaninato (diiPc) ligand in oxidation reactions with three substrates (cyclohexane, cyclooctane, and indan). This modified metallophthalocyaninato complex serves as an efficient and selective catalyst for the oxidation of cyclohexane and cyclooctane, and to a far lesser extent indan. In the oxidations of cyclohexane and cyclooctane, in which hydrogen peroxide is employed as the oxidant under inert atmosphere, we have observed turnover numbers of 100.9 and 122.2 for cyclohexanol and cyclooctanol, respectively. The catalyst shows strong selectivity for alcohol (vs. ketone) formation, with alcohol to ketone (A/K) ratios of 6.7 and 21.0 for the cyclohexane and cyclooctane oxidations, respectively. Overall yields (alcohol + ketone) were 73% for cyclohexane and 92% for cyclooctane, based upon the total hydrogen peroxide added. In the catalytic oxidation of indan under similar conditions, the TON for 1-indanol was 10.1, with a yield of 12% based upon hydrogen peroxide. No 1-indanone was observed in the product mixture.     

Mechanism of cyclohexane oxidation by molecular oxygen in the biomimetic iron porphyrin system with proton and electron donors: II. A molecular pathway

The kinetics of the accumulation of cyclohexyl hydroperoxide, alcohol, and ketone during cyclohexane oxidation in an O₂/FeP/AcOH/Zn/CH₃CN biomimetic system is studied by gas-liquid chromatography. The factors determining the selectivity of the nonradical oxidation pathway, which results in the formation of more than 80% of the products, are considered. A scheme of the molecular pathway of alcohol and ketone formation is proposed, which agrees well with the experimental data. The kinetic parameters for cyclohexane oxidation catalyzed by iron porphyrins with various substituents in the phenyl rings in this system with and without an electron carrier (methylviologen) are calculated.     

Catalysts for heterogeneous oxidation reaction based on metalloporphyrins immobilized on kaolinite modified with triethanolamine

Raw kaolinite was modified with triethanolamine (TEA), in an attempt to create a new support for the immobilization of metalloporphyrins. Anionic metalloporphyrins containing Fe(3+) or Mn(3+) as metallic centers were immobilized on the prepared support, and the obtained solids were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermal analysis (thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses--TGA/DTA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The solids were used in heterogeneous oxidation catalysis of cyclooctene and cyclohexane. The yields from the oxidation of cyclooctene depended on the amount of TEA and/or water present in the solids. Good reaction yields were obtained for the oxidation of cyclohexane, with selectivity for the alcohol. In one specific case, a possible co-catalytic activity was verified for TEA during the oxidation of cyclohexane.     

Enhanced selectivities for the hydroxyl-directed methanolysis of esters using the 2-acyl-4-aminopyridine class of acyl transfer catalysts: ketones as binding sites

In this paper we describe the preparation of a series of 2-acyl-4-aminopyridines, and their use as catalysts for the hydroxyl-directed methanolysis of alpha-hydroxy esters in preference to alpha-methoxy esters. Hydroxyl-direction with these catalysts, which contain ketones at the 2-position of the pyridine, is achieved by reversible addition of the alcohol of the hydroxy ester to the ketone to provide the corresponding hemiketal. Their activity is compared to that of the previously described catalyst 2-formyl-4-pyrrolidinopyridine (FPP), which contains an aldehyde at the 2-position of the pyridine. The catalysts which contain ketones at the 2-position range in reactivity from 10 times slower to slightly faster than FPP, and certain of these are much more selective for the methanolysis of hydroxy esters than FPP. This increase in selectivity is ascribed to a decrease in the rate of the nondirected methanolysis reaction with the ketone-derived catalysts. The evidence suggests that the nondirected reaction does not proceed by an intermolecular general base mechanism, but rather via a nucleophilic catalysis mechanism in which the hydroxyl group of the hemiacetal formed upon addition of methanol to the aldehyde of FPP acts as the nucleophile. Since the hydroxyl group derived from a hemiketal is more hindered and less nucleophilic than that derived from a hemiacetal, the nondirected reaction is much slower for the catalysts containing ketones as binding sites.     

Molecular design of catalysts on the basis of functionalized poly(ethylene oxide) and block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide

Transition metal complexes based on polyethylene oxide and copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide functionalized by dipyridyl, acetylacetone and catechol have been prepared. Macrocomplexes showed high activity and selectivity as catalysts in oxidation of cyclohexane, hydroxylation of benzene, epoxidation of hexene and allylic alcohol bound by hydrogen peroxide, oxidation of ethylbenzene by dioxygen.     

金属卟啉催化环己烷羟基化反应中环己酮的形成机理研究

单金属卟啉和双金属卟啉催化下PhIO常温氧化环己烷的羟基化反应中金属卟啉结构和反应溶剂、反应温度、反应时间等环境因素对产物酮含量及酮形成反应动力学的影响进行了系统研究, 并与金属卟啉催化下PhIO氧化环己醇的反应进行了对比, 提出了金属卟啉催化下环己烷羟基化反应中产物酮的形成机理。     

Efficient oxidation of benzyl alcohol with heteropolytungstate as reaction-controlled phase-transfer catalyst

A series of heteropolytungstates has been synthesized and utilized as catalysts to catalyze oxidation of benzyl alcohol with aqueous hydrogen peroxide.The results indicated that three of these catalysts showed the properties of reaction-controlled phase- transfer catalysis,and they had excellent catalytic ability to the oxidation of benzyl alcohol.No other by-products were detected by gas chromatography.Once the hydrogen peroxide was consumed completely,the catalyst precipitated from solvent,and the results of the catalyst recycle showed that the catalyst had high stability.     

Preparation of heterogeneous cationic metalloporphyrin/heteropolyanion composite catalysts and their high catalytic activity in hydroxylation of cyclohexane with molecular oxygen

A new route to improve the metalloporphyrin catalysts is developed, and it is to constitute heterogeneous composite catalysts with immobilized cationic metalloporphyrins and heteropolyanions. By using the method of synchronously synthesizing and immobilizing porphyrins on cross-linked polystyrene microspheres (CPS microspheres), the immobilized porphyrin TAPP-CPS microspheres, on which ternary amine (TA) group-containing phenyl porphyrin (PP) was immobilized, were first prepared, and then the immobilized cationic porphyrin TMPP-CPS microspheres, in whose structure trimethylammoniophenyl porphyrin (TMPP) was contained, were obtained via quaternization reaction. Finally, three immobilized metalloporphyrins, CoTMPP-CPS (shorten as CoP-CPS), MnTMPP-CPS (MnP-CPS) and FeTMPP-CPS (FeP-CPS), were gained through coordination reactions. These immobilized metalloporphyrins were composited with heteropolyanions by right of the mutual electrostatic interaction with phosphotungstic (PW) acid and phosphomolybdic (PMo) acid as reagents, respectively, resulting in several heterogeneous metalloporphyrin/heteropolyanion composite catalysts such as CoPPW-CPS, CoPPMo-CPS and MnPPW-CPS. The composite catalysts were used in the catalytic hydroxylation reaction of cyclohexane with molecular oxygen as oxidant, and their catalytic performances were investigated. The experimental results show that the heterogeneous composite catalysts have extraordinarily high catalytic activity in the hydroxylation reaction of cyclohexane by molecular oxygen, and the cyclohexanol yield in 8 h can get up to 45.5 %. More importantly, the catalytic activity of the heterogeneous composite catalysts is obviously higher than that of the immobilized cationic metalloporphyrins, and the enhanced catalytic activity is originated from a protection of heteropolyanions against the deactivation of metalloporphyrins.