乳制品中那他霉素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定

建立了超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)快速检测乳制品中那他霉素的方法。样品用甲醇提取,以甲醇-水为流动相经反相色谱柱分离后,采用多反应监测(MRM)负离子模式检测,定性离子对为m/z663.6/421.1和m/z663.6/439.1,其中m/z663.6/421.1用于外标法定量。空白样品及其加标实验结果表明:特征离子相对强度比值稳定,无基质干扰,结合保留时间可实现准确的定性定量;方法定量下限为50.0μg/kg;乳制品加标量为50~500μg/kg时,平均回收率为80%~91%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.7%~5.2%。方法简单、灵敏、稳定,可满足乳制品中那他霉素的快速检测与确证需要。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鲜切杏鲍菇中4-己基间苯二酚的含量

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定了鲜切杏鲍菇中4-己基间苯二酚的含量。试样经乙腈超声萃取,SPE-C18柱净化后,UPLC BEH C18色谱柱分离,选择离子监测(SIM),定性离子对(m/z):194.2/123.0;定量离子对(m/z):194.2/67.1,外标法定量。加标回收率在87.6%~93.6%之间,相对标准偏差不大于2.2%;以信噪比RSN=10计算,检出限为10.0μg/kg。     

气相色谱–串联质谱法快速测定茶叶中的蒽醌

建立气相色谱–串联质谱法(GC–MS–MS)快速测定茶叶中蒽醌的方法。样品中的蒽醌用色谱纯乙腈提取,经过涡旋1 min,超声20 min,离心、浓缩后用固相萃取柱(SPE)净化,以DB–5MS毛细管柱分离,以m/z 207.9,152为定性离子对、m/z 207.9,180为定量离子对,多反应检测模式下测定,外标法定量。蒽醌的质量浓度在1~500μg/L范围内与定量离子的峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 98,方法的检出限为1μg/kg。在10,20,50μg/kg加标水平下,样品加标回收率为92.85%~98.10%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为8.50%~11.05%(n=5)。该方法简单、快速,检出限低,准确度和精密度高,可用于茶叶中蒽醌的检测。     

禽蛋中头孢噻肟残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定禽蛋中头孢噻肟药物残留的方法。禽蛋样品中的头孢噻肟用纯水提取,乙腈沉淀蛋白,Oasis HLB(500 mg,6 mL)固相萃取柱净化,8 mL甲醇洗脱。采用Zorbax XDB-C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,3.5μm)色谱柱,以0.2%甲酸水-乙腈为流动相,0.3 mL/min梯度洗脱,经高效液相色谱分离后,采用电喷雾质谱正离子模式电离,多反应选择离子检测(MRM)模式测定。检测离子对为m/z456.1/396.1、m/z456.1/324.1,其中m/z456.1/396.1为定量离子对。在1.35~135μg/L范围内标准曲线的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 3;在1.0、50.0、100μg/kg3个添加水平的平均加标回收率为87%~99%,相对标准偏差为1.9%~3.9%;方法检出限为0.3μg/kg,定量下限为1.0μg/kg。该方法简便、灵敏、准确、可靠,适用于禽蛋中头孢噻肟药物残留的分析。     

液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱对芥子碱的测定方法

探讨了采用液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法检测小鼠前列腺中芥子碱硫氰酸盐的方法。流动相为V(乙腈)∶V(0.5%乙酸)=20∶80,色谱柱为ZorbaxXDB-C18(150 mm×4.6 mmi.d.,5μm),流速为0.6 mL/min。芥子碱硫氰酸盐的准分子离子和二级碎片离子分别为m/z 304和m/z 251,方法的检出限为0.7μg/L,线性范围为2.7~80.5μg/L,r为0.9934,相对标准偏差为7.5%~12.9%,样品的回收率为81.2%~102.5%。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定液态乳制品中的苯代三聚氰胺

建立了液态乳制品中苯代三聚氰胺的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。优化了前处理条件、液相色谱和质谱参数。样品经LC-C18固相萃取柱富集净化后,采用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱分离,流动相为乙腈-水(15∶85,体积比),流速为0.3 mL/min。采用正离子模式的电喷雾质谱检测,多反应(MRM)选择离子监测,定量离子与定性离子分别为m/z 104.1与m/z 146.0,外标法定量。结果表明,苯代三聚氰胺在2~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 1,方法的检出限和定量下限分别为1.0μg/kg和3.0μg/kg。在低、中、高3个加标水平下的平均回收率为77%~105%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.3%~5.0%。该方法操作简单、准确可靠,适用于液态乳制品中苯代三聚氰胺的测定。     

QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源食品中阿奇霉素残留

建立了QuEChERS前处理,液相色谱-串联质谱测定动物源食品中阿奇霉素残留的快速分析方法。样品以乙腈提取,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)净化,采用Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18柱(3.0 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱。阿奇霉素采用电喷雾正离子源(ESI+)、多重反应监测(MRM)模式检测,以保留时间和特征离子对(母离子和2个碎片离子)信息比较进行定性分析和定量分析。阿奇霉素在1.0~50.0 ng/m L范围内线性相关系数均大于0.995;在6种基质(鸡肉、牛肉、猪肉、猪肝、鲤鱼、牛奶)中方法的检出限(S/N=3)均为0.3μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)均为1.0μg/kg;3个加标水平(1,2,10μg/kg)下,回收率为81.4%~103.8%,相对标准偏差为3.6%~8.9%。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定虾夷扇贝和长牡蛎中软骨藻酸的残留

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱测定虾夷扇贝和长牡蛎中贝类毒素软骨藻酸残留的检测方法。样品经50%甲醇提取,LC-SAX柱净化,3mL0.1mol/L甲酸溶液洗脱,电喷雾离子源(ESI),在正离子、多反应监测方式(MRM)模式下进行定性与定量,定性离子对为m/z 311.98/265.91,m/z 311.98/247.9,m/z 311.98/192.91,以m/z 311.98/265.91为定量离子对,外标法定量。结果表明,方法的检测限为0.01μg/g,定量限为0.02μg/g。在0.02~10μg/mL范围内线性相关系数为0.9999。当添加软骨藻酸质量分数为20~1000 ng/g时,虾夷扇贝样品中软骨藻酸的平均回收率为81.3%~105.4%,RSD为3.9%~8.9%(n=6);长牡蛎样品中软骨藻酸的平均回收率为83.5%~106.6%,RSD为4.6%~6.4%(n=6)。方法满足对贝类产品中软骨藻酸残留的测定。     

顶空进样GC-SIM-MS测定硝唑尼特中溶剂残留甲醇含量

利用气相色谱-选择离子监测质谱联用仪(GC-SIM-MS)测定硝唑尼特样品中溶剂残留甲醇的含量,顶空进样,温度为70℃,时间为20 min.SIM定量离子m/z 32,参考离子m/z 31,30和29.甲醇质量浓度在0.5~100μg/m L内呈良好的线性(R~2=0.999 92).方法相对标准偏差为2.49%~4.85%,样品加标回收在94.5%~102.8%之间,检测限为0.5μg/m L,符合定量分析的要求.     

同位素内标稀释气相色谱-质谱联用法测定果蔬中的滴滴涕含量

建立了果蔬中滴滴涕(DDT)的气相色谱-质谱联用的测定方法。样品用乙腈提取,采用Florisil固相萃取柱净化,以HP-5ms色谱柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm)分离,在选择离子模式(SIM)下,以自行研制的p,p′-DDT-D8为内标进行定性定量分析。线性范围为1~1 000μg/L,检出限为0.02~0.05μg/kg,加标回收率为88.67%~101.73%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.6%~3.8%(n=5)。该方法为果蔬中滴滴涕的检测提供了一种可靠实用的方法。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

关于"对‘燃料电池物理及化学性能的有限时间热力学分析方法'的讨论”答复

把有限时间热力学理论用于化学过程的研究,将会得到一系列新的结论,开展这方面的研究是很有意义的.文献[1]以燃料电池为例,在同时考虑化学反应及传热不可逆性的情况下,研究了燃料电池的性能界限,文献[2]指出了文献[1]计算化学反应及传热不可逆性而引起系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的错误以及由此而导致的结论所存在的问题,并进行了富有启发性的分析与讨论.但文献[2]对于系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算也是不正确的,由此得到的其它结论自然不能成立.本文将就此情况下系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算再次进行讨论,并给出电池功率和效率的有限时间热力学性能界限.