铁酸镧纳米晶薄膜制备及其在MOS场效应晶体管气敏元件上的应用

纳米晶固体材料是由粒径小于100nm的微晶颗粒聚集而成的块状或薄膜人工固体,它具有特殊性能。本文采用sol-gel法制备了LaFeO_3纳米晶薄膜,并与集成电路平面工艺相结合,首次研制出了用纳米晶薄膜作为栅控制极的MOS场效应晶体管乙醇敏感元件。     

气-固相还原硫酸盐制备系列硫化物纳米晶

<正>过渡金属硫化物纳米晶因其特异的结构具有量子尺寸效应、小尺寸效应、表面效应等效应,显示出不同于体相材料的光电磁性质,因而成为近年来纳米科学研究的热点[1-3]。几十年来,硫化亚铁(FeS)     

水溶性微晶壳聚糖的制备及结构

采用HCl和H3PO4的水／醇溶液为反应介质降解壳聚糖,并用无水乙醇沉淀和洗涤,制备出收率超过95％的水溶性的微晶壳聚糖,其晶体尺寸为400－800mm,晶型完全不同于固体粉末聚糖,这两种微晶的红外光谱酰胺峰（1650,1600cm^-1）已完全消失,而在1620,1520cm^-1附近出现了－NH3^ 的反对称变形振动和对称变形振动双峰,并发现用HCl制得的微晶壳聚糖溶于冷水,用H3PO4制得的微晶壳聚糖可以均匀分散于冷水而溶于60℃热水。     

反胶束法合成氧化锌微晶及其荧光特性

0引言材料的结构(微结构)、尺寸和形貌等因素对其特性及其实际应用具有重要的影响。对无机材料特别是氧化物半导体进行结构控制的研究近年来引起了人们极大的关注。氧化锌作为一种宽带隙(3.2eV)半导体材料,可广泛应用于压电材料、气体传感器、橡胶添加剂和光学器件等领域,而且还因其在室温下可产生激射现象使其成为纳米光学材料研究领域中的一大热点[1￣6]。目前,除了传统的固相-气相(V S)反应外,用于氧化锌微晶的制备方法主要有共沉淀法[7]、多羟基化合物水解法[8]、有机金属气相沉积法[9￣12]和水热法[13]等。通过选择不同的制备方法和…     

尿液中纳米微晶的团聚促进泌尿系结石的形成

采用纳米粒度仪和透射电子显微镜(TEM)比较研究了尿石症患者与健康对照者尿液中纳米微晶的尺寸、粒度分布、聚集状态、自相关函数和ξ电位随放置时间的变化. 患者尿样放置3 h后, 其尿微晶平均粒径(D_a)由506 nm增至958 nm, 粒度分布范围变宽, 自相关时间由1.84 s延长到3.93 s, ξ电位由-1.34 mV降低至-3.89 mV; 而健康对照者尿微晶的D_a仅由330 nm增加至416 nm, 自相关时间由1.44 s延长至2.10 s, ξ电位由-8.35 mV降低至-8.90 mV. 此结果表明, 尿石症患者和健康对照者尿液中的纳米微晶不但在尺寸、粒度分布、聚集、自相关函数和ξ电位等方面存在明显的差异, 而且患者尿微晶的稳定性比对照者的差; 随着时间的延长, 患者尿液中的纳米微晶会逐渐团聚, 而对照者尿微晶的团聚要轻微得多. 从两类尿液中尿大分子和小分子抑制剂的浓度、尿微晶表面形成双电层的稳定性等方面进行了分析, 结果表明, 尿微晶的聚集是泌尿系结石生长的关键因素.     

固体纳米孔分析技术的研究进展

纳米孔分析技术是一种低成本、无需荧光标记和扩增的单分子检测技术,其中基于固体材料的纳米孔由于稳定性高、耐受性好、尺寸可控、易于修饰等优点,在化学和生命科学等领域得到广泛应用。固体纳米孔主要由薄膜和管材料两种类型材料制备,其中常见的薄膜纳米孔包括氮化硅、二维材料、氧化铝以及聚合物薄膜,管材料主要包括玻璃毛细管和碳纳米管。本文总结了固体纳米孔分析技术的研究进展,展望了发展前景。     

中科大金属有机骨架纳米纤维研究获进展

<正>近年来,金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)广泛应用于能量转换和储存领域。该材料的存在形式通常是一种单分散的微晶或者纳米晶,以微孔的金属有机骨架纳米颗粒为结构单元构筑复杂组装体是非常困难的,同时其衍生的材料多数缺乏形貌和孔结构的有效控制。不久前,中国科学技术大学2012级博士生张旺在导师     

草酸钙结石患者尿液中纳米微晶的成核、生长、聚集及其与结石形成的关系

肾结石的主要组分是草酸钙(CaOxa)等晶体。目前肾结石只能在形成以后才能被诊断,这给患者带来了极大的痛苦。肾结石的形成与尿液中的纳米微晶性质密切相关,如果能在结石形成之前或形成初期早期检测,则可以有效地预防肾结石发生发展。本文结合本课题组的工作,从微晶尺寸、微晶的聚集程度、形貌、化学组分、Zeta电位和稳定性等方面综述了肾结石患者尿液中纳米微晶的性质差异及其与肾结石形成的关系,并与健康对照者进行了比较;讨论了CaOxa结石患者在服用防石药物柠檬酸钾后尿微晶的性质变化。研究结果表明尿液中的纳米微晶的聚集是导致微晶快速增大和结石形成的关键因素,说明通过调控纳米微晶的物理、化学性质,有可能抑制肾结石的形成和复发。     

CTAB辅助微波水热合成花簇状SnS微球

以氯化亚锡(SnCl2.2H2O)和硫代乙酰胺(TAA)为前驱物,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂,采用微波水热法控制合成花簇状SnS微球。采用XRD和FESEM等分析手段对制备的样品进行表征。结果表明:合成的产物为正交晶系的SnS微晶,且结晶性良好;SnS微晶是由长方形纳米片自组装而成的花簇状微球。通过改变CTAB用量,可以实现花簇状SnS微晶的形貌和尺寸的调控,并初步分析了其形成过程。利用紫外-可见吸收光谱分析,产物的光学带隙约为1.51 eV;室温光致发光光谱表明,产物在832 nm处具有近红外发光特性。     

明胶溶液中笤帚状纳米CdS的合成及其光谱特性研究

以明胶为稳定剂, 制备出CdS纳米棒, 并实现其向笤帚状纳米CdS的形貌转化. 扫描电镜(SEM)图像表明, 生长时间为2 d, 样品为棒状结构, 直径为50～140 nm, 长度为150～710 nm; 生长15 d的CdS微晶为笤帚状, 结节点直径340～620 nm, 长度2.7～8.4 μm. 探讨了其形貌转化的原因. 结合红外吸收(IR)和荧光光谱的测试结果, 提出了可能的离子络合转化和定位生长机理. 合成的CdS微晶具有一定的荧光性质, 并在紫外和荧光光谱上均表现出明显的量子尺寸效应.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.