时域延时多脉冲叠加平滑过程的分析

为满足惯性约束聚变对ns级可整形激光脉冲的独特要求,提出了一种将多脉冲延迟堆积实现脉冲平滑和灵活整形的方案。这种方案基于多光束耦合器与压电陶瓷结合技术,采用光纤作为传输介质,可以精确控制相邻脉冲延时。详细分析和讨论了时延多脉冲叠加原理和叠加技术,给出了脉冲堆积时满足平滑要求的延迟时间(约为堆积所用高斯脉冲束腰宽度)和相邻脉冲间延时相位差所需的控制精度。     

采用啁啾脉冲堆积的时间束平滑技术

成丝不稳定性是间接驱动靶丸均匀压缩面临的重要问题,10μm到100μm的靶面光强起伏对其影响尤为严重,须采用合理的束平滑措施加以抑制。提出用光纤系统对啁啾脉冲堆积,然后对组合脉冲做光谱角色散,利用焦斑不同时刻对应频谱成分不同形成的束平滑机制,抑制焦斑内的高频起伏。利用傅里叶变换方法推导出了光栅色散后的组合脉冲表达式。模拟结果表明,焦斑尺寸随色循环数和光栅色散方向上基准脉冲带宽的增加而增大。通过计算包含焦斑能量95%范围内的通量衬比度随时间变化的曲线,得出一个色循环、基准脉冲带宽0.3~0.5 nm下可以获得最佳的焦斑平滑效果。这种新型的时间束平滑方法结构简单且焦斑特性可调,这些优点使得它在提高靶面辐照均匀性方面具有重要的应用价值。     

多个超短脉冲相干叠加构成窄带平顶长脉冲的研究

利用超短脉冲放大过程中的光谱增益窄化效应以及标准具的滤波作用,提出了基于再生放大器的多脉冲相干叠加方案，并对该方案在多脉冲叠加阶段的工作原理进行了分析；在小信号增益区内，对多个超短脉冲相干叠加进行了理论分析和数值计算，数值模拟的结果表明，影响形成窄带平顶长脉冲的基本关系为子脉冲宽度、再生放大器中的损耗及其与振荡器的长度失配量对构成脉冲时间波形影响很大，而对其频谱影响很小；叠加脉冲个数、标准具的通带宽度对构成脉冲波形和光谱均有影响. 关键词： 超短脉冲 多脉冲叠加器 窄带平顶长脉冲 数值计算     

多脉冲叠加高压系统及测量技术

介绍了多脉冲叠加高压系统的核心部件：一个双次级绕组高压脉冲变压器,它能形成多路脉冲并叠加合成为梯形脉冲波,从而改善了波形的上升下降沿。该系统输出电压由3个衰减正弦波叠加而成,脉冲幅度大于100kV,脉冲宽度2～5μs。同时,在双次级绕组高压脉冲变压器上设计一个小型结构型电容分压装置,解决了变压器与其它装置对接装配后高压的监测和测量。     

多脉冲叠加高压系统及测量技术

 介绍了多脉冲叠加高压系统的核心部件：一个双次级绕组高压脉冲变压器，它能形成多路脉冲并叠加合成为梯形脉冲波，从而改善了波形的上升下降沿。该系统输出电压由3个衰减正弦波叠加而成，脉冲幅度大于100kV，脉冲宽度2～5μs。同时，在双次级绕组高压脉冲变压器上设计一个小型结构型电容分压装置，解决了变压器与其它装置对接装配后高压的监测和测量。     

啁啾脉冲堆积的宽带整形脉冲三倍频方案分析

针对啁啾脉冲堆积方法获得的宽带整形激光脉冲,采用KDP晶体Ⅰ／Ⅱ类角度失谐的三倍频方案,定量分析了影响其三倍频转换效率的主要因素,并对三倍频前后的时间波形及频谱分布进行了比较分析。在此基础上,与时间相位调制的宽带整形脉冲三倍频的相应结果进行了比较。研究结果表明,对于啁啾脉冲堆积方法获得的宽带整形激光脉冲,在实现较高的三倍频转换效率的同时,其时间波形和频谱分布基本保持不变。对于具有相同带宽和波形的时间位相调制整形脉冲,其三倍频转换效率明显低于啁啾脉冲堆积宽带整形脉冲。     

平滑激光脉冲诱导的阈上离化

阈上离化(above-threshold ionization)是近年来发现的一种新现象。本文在基本态模型基础上利用非微扰理论研究了高斯型激光脉冲诱导的阈上离化,讨论了其特征光电子能谱随时间的演化。 关键词：     

高精度多路脉冲延时技术

针对全固态直线变压器驱动源(LTD)中大规模开关同步触发的需求,设计了一款基于ZYNQ-7000 SoC平台的全数字多路脉冲延时系统。介绍了该系统各功能模块,并重点从时间数字转换器(TDC)、多路脉冲输出及ARM核控制三个模块进行分析设计。详细阐述了TDC模块抽头延时法原理及高精度进位链的构造;采用粗延时和细延时结合设计多路脉冲输出模块,有效提高信号的延时精度和范围,且模块化设计提高了通道数目的可扩展性;阐述ARM核控制流程,实现了响应快、稳定性高的控制。最后对系统进行了仿真验证,固化后在器件上进行了实测。实验结果表明,系统能够对外部触发信号实现多路延时输出,信号脉冲宽度1200 ns,幅值1.8 V,延时步进1 ns,延时调节范围0～4.29 s,输出误差低于1 ns。     

优化脉冲间距的多脉冲尾流加速PIC模拟

多脉冲激光尾波场加速电子方法中限制尾波场振幅的主要机理是“相位失谐”,起源于非线 性效应导致尾波波长随振幅的增长而变大,从而后续脉冲逐渐偏离加速相位. 借助2D3V PIC 模拟方法优化各脉冲之间的间距,使之等于前面脉冲激发的尾波波长,模拟结果表明激发了 更大振幅的尾波场,同时激发了更强的“前向Raman散射”,它在限制尾波场进一步增长的 过程发挥了重要作用. 关键词： 多脉冲激光尾波加速 有质动力 相位失谐 前向Raman散射     

基于时域剪切干涉的纳秒脉冲相位测量技术

提出一种时域剪切干涉技术测量纳秒激光脉冲的时间相位分布,该方法将待测脉冲分为彼此之间有数百个皮秒延迟量的两个脉冲;并在对其中一个脉冲加入适量的频移后和另一个脉冲合束,得到时域干涉条纹;最后采用相适应的算法,从记录的时域条纹计算得到纳秒激光脉冲的时间相位分布,并进一步计算得到激光脉冲的精细光谱结构.在对测量原理进行系统分析的基础上,利用数值模拟和实验对该相位测量技术的可行性进行了验证,并系统分析了其测量误差和非理想条件下的各种干扰因素的影响.由于该测量技术不采用任何非线光学方法,可对任何波长的激光脉冲进行测量,具有光路简单、测量精度高和适用范围广等优点,为需要对纳秒激光脉冲的时域相位分布进行测量的高功率激光等领域提供了一种简单便捷的测量新技术.     

Active long pulse shaping technique of pulsed CO2 laser using multi-pulse discharge control

We describe the pulse forming of pulsed CO₂ laser using multi-pulse superposition technique. Various pulse shapes, high duty cycle pulse forming network (PFN) are constructed by time sequence. This study shows a technology that makes it possible to make various long pulse shapes by activating SCRs of three PFN modules consecutively at a desirable delay time with the aid of a PIC one-chip microprocessor. The power supply for this experiment consists of three PFN modules. Each PFN module uses a capacitor, a pulse forming inductor, a SCR, a high voltage pulse transformer, and a bridge rectifier on each transformer secondary. The PFN modules operate at low voltage by driving the primary of HV pulse transformer. The secondary of the transformer has a full-wave rectifier, which passes the pulse energy to the load in a continuous sequence.We investigated various long pulse shapes as different trigger time intervals of SCRs among three PFN modules. As a result, we could obtain laser beam with various pulse shapes and durations from about 250 to 1000 μs.     

Experimental research on measuring the fine structure of long pulse in time domain by synchronized ultrashort pulse

We propose a method of measuring the fine structure of a long pulse in time domain by a synchronized ultrashort pulse, in which the basic principle is the cross-correlation interaction between the long pulse and the ultrashort pulse in a nonlinear crystal. After a theoretical analysis on the principle and resolution, as an example, the fine structure of a picosecond Nd:YLF laser pulse is characterized by a synchronized femtosecond pulse experimentally. Further, the effect of group velocity mismatch on measurement results is discussed.     

周期性啁啾脉冲色散衍射实现近场强度匀滑

 对惯性约束聚变（ICF）激光驱动器中的周期性啁啾脉冲光谱色散后的自由空间衍射传输和近场强度匀滑特性进行了理论分析和数值模拟,并计算了色循环数对两者的影响。计算结果表明：远场光斑随色循环数增加而变大,强度调制加剧;近场强度匀滑效果随色循环数和传输距离增加而增强,但空间形状变化加剧。通过匀滑效果对比发现,基于周期性啁啾脉冲的光谱色散平滑系统的近场强度匀滑效果优于传统的正弦调频光束。     

Improving accuracy by subpixel smoothing in the finite-difference time domain

Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods suffer from reduced accuracy when modeling discontinuous dielectric materials, due to the inhererent discretization (pixelization). We show that accuracy can be significantly improved by using a subpixel smoothing of the dielectric function, but only if the smoothing scheme is properly designed. We develop such a scheme based on a simple criterion taken from perturbation theory and compare it with other published FDTD smoothing methods. In addition to consistently achieving the smallest errors, our scheme is the only one that attains quadratic convergence with resolution for arbitrarily sloped interfaces. Finally, we discuss additional difficulties that arise for sharp dielectric corners.     

A comparative analysis of multi-pulse techniques in contrast-enhanced ultrasound medical imaging

One of the important issues in the field of ultrasound medical imaging using contrast agents is the development of techniques able to separate the response of the contrast media from that of the biological tissues. In the literature, one can find various solutions involving the use of multiple transmitted signals and the combination of related echoes. However, the quality of these techniques may be reduced due to some undesired effects that are seldom considered, despite the fact that they are always present in real systems. These effects are the signal distortions introduced by the hardware equipment, the thermal noise in the electronic circuitry, and body motion between successive pulses. In this paper we propose a simulation tool that will allow the calculation of the backscattered echo from a population of contrast agents immersed in a biological tissue, considering all the mentioned effects. With this tool, an assessment of the comparative robustness of three well-known multi-pulse techniques has been carried out under realistic working conditions and the performance of the three techniques has been evaluated in terms of contrast-to-tissue ratio and signal-to-noise ratio. The results show that the undesired effects have a strong impact on these techniques and that there are notable differences in their robustness. Finally, some suggestions on the choice of the particular technique to be applied are provided on the basis of the specific work conditions.     

光谱色散匀滑技术对衍射光学器件束匀滑性能的影响

 模拟分析了光谱色散匀滑技术对衍射光学器件束匀滑性能的影响。光谱色散匀滑技术的使用提高了衍射光学器件的抗波前畸变能力，降低了对加工精度的高要求。光谱色散匀滑技术与衍射光学器件的联用有望满足惯性约束聚变对束匀滑性能的高要求。     

Quantum interference in laser-assisted photo-ionization excited by a femtosecond x-ray pulse

The photoelectron energy spectra （PESs） excited by monochromatic femtosecond x-ray pulses in the presence of a femtosecond laser are investigated. APES is composed of a set of separate peaks, showing interesting comb-like structures. These structures result from the quantum interferences between photoelectron wave packets generated at different times. The width and the localization of each peak as well as the number of peaks are determined by all the laser and x-ray parameters. Most of peak heights of the PES are higher than the classical predictions.     

Investigation of adaptive laser pulse shaping by direct estimation of group delay profile

We investigate the benefits of estimating the group delay spectrum (as opposed to the phase spectrum) on the performance of an adaptive laser pulse shaping experiment. We use both numerical and experimental approaches, and consider different figures of merit such as efficiency, noise robustness, convergence speed, repeatability, fitness sensitivity, and parameter insensitivity. While primarily focused on the process of broadband second harmonic generation, we also study a resonant third order nonlinear process. Our results show an overall superiority of delay-based formulation in the cases under study (compared to a conventional phase-based formulation) for adaptive laser pulse shaping.     

Desynchronization and clustering with pulse stimulations of coupled electrochemical relaxation oscillators

Effects of pulse stimulations on the dynamics of relaxation oscillator populations were experimentally studied in a globally coupled electrochemical system. Similar to smooth oscillations, weakly and moderately relaxational oscillations possess a vulnerable phase, ?_S; pulses applied at ?_S resulted in desynchronization followed by a return to the synchronized state. In contrast to smooth oscillators, weakly and moderately relaxational oscillators exhibited transient and itinerant cluster dynamics, respectively. With strongly relaxational oscillators the pulse applied at a vulnerable phase effected transitions to other cluster configurations without effective desynchronization. Repeated pulse administration resulted in a cluster state that is stable against the perturbation; the cluster configuration is specific to the pulse administered at the vulnerable phase. The pulse-induced transient clusters are interpreted with a phase model that includes first and second harmonics in the interaction function and exhibits saddle type cluster states with strongly stable intra-cluster and weakly unstable inter-cluster modes.