用分子片轨道逐步剔除法研究电子离域

估计分子中不同类型的电子离域作用（如p-π → d-π和p-π → σ~*）的相 对强弱对理解分子中化学键的本质有关键的作用。剔除某一分子片轨道（d-π或σ ~*）后分子体系能量的改变可用来计算电子离域到该轨道的离域能。由于轨道之间 的相互作用,使离域能的计算与轨道剔除的次序有关。为克服这种不确定性,可以 逐步轮流增加某一对特定轨道（d-π和σ~*）的库仑积分,以使这对轨道在分子波 函数中的比重逐步减少,即将这对轨道轮流逐步剔除。这样可将轨道间的相互影响 减小以至消除,从而得到各轨道的精确的离域能。以H_3PO中P-O键为例说明了轨道 逐步剔除方法的应用。     

均杂核共轭分子的能级与分子轨道

本文提出把二元均杂核共轭分子的能级与分子轨道的计算分解为两个均核共轭分子的相互作用来计算.本法简化为双原子分子形式的能级与分子轨道的计算.这样计算工作量可以大大减少.本文报导了1,3,5-三硝基苯分子的π电子稳定能的计算.     

过渡金属正离子和卡宾配合物成键特征的理论分析

在6—311C基组从头算的基础上对第一过渡系含偶数电子的金属正离子(Sc^+， V^+，Mn^+，Co^+，Cu^+)与卡宾CH2的配合物的成键特征进行了细致的分析。用能 级位移算符逐步降低分子片空轨道能级的方法代替分子片轨道冻结，使KSM能量分 解的耦合项得以消除。能量分析结果表明，Sc^+-CH2键是由σ供键，π供键与π反 馈键组成的，不能忽略π供键。而Cu^+-CH2键是由σ供键与σ，π反馈键组成的， 不能忽略σ反馈键。同时对VCH2^+，MnCH2^+和CoCH2^+的^1A1电子态也进行了粗略 的讨论。     

有机立体电子效应中的轨道相互作用过程

本文依据轨道相互作用引起能级分裂的原理,分析了n-σ~*效应给体系带来的稳定化作用,又着重从化学键的形成、断裂机理出发,讨论了取代、消除、重排等反应中的轨道相互作用过程。并指出立体电子效应发生在反式共平面关系中,是轨道相互作用的必然结果。     

烯酮或乙烯与甲醛环加成协同反应机理的对比研究

本文研究了烯酮与甲醛, 乙烯与甲醛两个环加成反应的协同过程的过渡态(TS),用能量分解方法对两个过渡态中反应物间的相互作用能的本质做了剖析。通过对比,发现在乙烯与甲的过渡态中反应物的占有轨道间电子的交换排斥作用能比较大, 从而可以说明此反应比乙烯与烯酮间的协同过程难于进行。     

有机半导体非平衡态HOMO和LUMO能量位移规律与OLED中“热激子”形成的唯象理解

以能斯特方程为基础, 通过分析电流密度与氧化还原物种活度变化, 即载流子浓度变化的关系, 计算出有机半导体材料电极电势的变化, 从而建立起有机半导体前线轨道, 即最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)能级和最低未被占据分子轨道(LUMO)能级相对于热力学平衡态的能量位移随电流密度变化的数学关系. 进而依据能级能量位移引起的能隙变化, 提出了有机电致发光显示器（OLED）中“热激子”的产生机制.     

关于氮分子的结构问题

读者来信问,氮分子的电子结构为什么是按图3所示的分子的轨道的能级图排布的?现简要答覆如下。根据分子轨道理论,二相同原子形成的同核双原子分子的分子轨道,在忽略对称性相同的分子轨道间的相互作用的情况下,能级顺序如图1那样。     

过渡金属络合物成键本质分析的常用方法

过渡金属络合物中过渡金属与配体间所形成的化学键的成键本质,可以在理论化学基础上,采用定量的方法进行分析。本文重点以铁羰基络合物为例,对常用的分析方法,如自然键轨道方法(NBO)、电荷分解分析(CDA)、分子中的原子(AIM)拓扑分析方法以及ETS和EDA能量分解方法等,在应用中的优缺点进行了分析和评述。借助于这些方法提供的电荷、能量和电子密度等配分项可以深刻认识和理解过渡金属-配体间形成的化学键的成键本质。     

对位环芳烃及其衍生物分子轨道的通过空间和通过键相互作用研究

应用改进的重叠模型多重散射Ｘα自洽场方法对对位环芳烃及其衍生物分子的分子轨道通过空间和通过键的相互作用进行了研究，讨论分子轨道相互作用对分子轨道能级顺序的影响以及不同的连接桥对分子轨道相互作用的影响，进一步应用过渡态理论方法计算对位环芳烃及其衍生物分子的分子轨道电离能，计算结果与实验结果符合较好。     

对位环芳烃及其衍生物分子轨道的通过空间和通过键相互…

应用改进的重叠模型多重散射Ｘａ自洽场方法对对位环芳烃及其衍生物分子的分子轨道通过空间和通过键的相互作用进行了研究，讨论分子轨道相互作用对分子轨道能级顺序的影响以及不同的连接桥对分子轨道相互作用的影响，进一步应用过渡态理论方法计算对位环芳烃及其衍生物分子的分子轨道电离能，计算结果与实验结果符合较好。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.