磷酸处理-气相色谱法测定含硫蔬菜中的多种有机氯及拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

建立了含硫蔬菜(青葱、洋葱、大蒜、蒜苔、韭菜等)中多种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的测定方法。采用10%磷酸处理含硫蔬菜,去除含硫化合物的干扰,再用1∶1的丙酮-正己烷提取,加入2%的硫酸钠溶液用正己烷进行液液分配,提取液用硅镁吸附剂层析柱净化,用气相色谱-电子俘获检测器检测。样品加标回收率在78.0%~97.8%之间,相对标准偏差在3.0%~9.6%之间。该方法的检出限为有机氯农药0.001 mg/kg,联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯和三氟氯氰菊酯为0.002 mg/kg,其余五种拟除虫菊酯类农药0.005 mg/kg。     

气相色谱双塔双柱同时测定蔬菜中多种有机氯及拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量

建立了蔬菜及其制品中16种有机氯农药和8种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量的气相色谱分析方法. 样品用V(丙酮)∶V(正己烷)＝1∶1提取, 加入20 g/L Na2SO4溶液用正己烷进行液液分配, 提取液用硅镁吸附剂层析柱净化, 采用DB-1701与DB-5毛细管柱分离, 双塔同时进样双GC-uECD同时检测, 双柱定性定量, 在两个水平添加时的回收率(n=6)分别为79.8～118.7%和85.6%～118.8%, 相对标准偏差分别为2.1%～9.2%和1.8%～8.6%, 该方法的检出限为有机氯农药0.001 mg/kg, 联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯和三氟氯氰菊酯为0.002 mg/kg, 其余5种拟除虫菊酯类农药0.005 mg/kg.     

竹笋中40种农药残留的固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱法同时测定

建立了竹笋中40种农药(包括有机磷类、有机氯类、氨基甲酸酯类、拟除虫菊酯类、三唑类和杂环类)残留的同时检测方法.样品以乙腈为提取溶剂,高速匀浆提取,经PSA固相萃取小柱净化,利用GC-MS/SIM进行测定.结果表明,40种农药在一定质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.994 6 ～0.999 8.在0.050 ～2....     

烟草中有机氯类农药多残留分析前处理方法对比研究

以烟草中有机氯类农药为研究对象,从检出限、回收率、重复性和色谱图4个方面系统比较了机械振荡萃取法、超声波溶剂萃取法、微波辅助萃取法和加速溶剂萃取法4种常用前处理方法。由于加速溶剂萃取法是在高温高压下进行萃取,在提取出残留农药的同时,也提取出更多的干扰物。机械振荡法、超声波溶剂萃取法和微波辅助萃取法各项结果差别较小,其中机械振荡萃取法回收率和重复性最好,但提取时间较长。考虑溶剂消耗和提取时间等方面的因素,微波辅助萃取是较理想的样品前处理方法。     

气相色谱-电子捕获检测器同时测定茶叶中有机氯及拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

在超声波辅助下,以正己烷-二氯甲烷（1：1,V／V）混合溶剂提取样品,提取液用弗罗里硅土和中性氧化铝混合柱净化,用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器（GC-ECD）同时测定茶叶中18种有机氯和9种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留。有机氯农药在0.001-0.2μg／mL,拟除虫菊酯类农药在0.005-1.0μg／mL范围内线性良好。有机氯农药在0.04、0.01μg／mL两个添加水平的回收率分别为89.5％-113.2％和80.0％-112.7％,相对标准偏差分别为3.82％-9.64％和5.32％-13.8％。拟除虫菊酯在0.2、O.05μg／mL两个添加水平的回收率分别为97.5％-129.6％和87.3％-110.2％,相对标准偏差分别为3.78％-10.72％和3.02％-13.84％。本方法快速、灵敏、准确、可靠,用于江西茶叶样品中有机农药残留测定,获得较好结果。     

分散固相萃取/分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定甘蓝中的拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

采用分散固相萃取和分散液液微萃取方法,建立了气相色谱法快速检测甘蓝中氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯及氰戊菊酯4种拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的分析方法。使用乙腈作为萃取溶剂,经乙二胺-Ｎ-丙基硅烷固相萃取吸附剂净化提取液,分散液液微萃取将农药富集到50 μL二甲苯中后,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器进行分析。考察了萃取溶剂的种类与体积、分散剂体积及盐效应等因素对分散液液微萃取萃取效率的影响。结果表明：除氟氯氰菊酯在 0.01~0.1 mg/L范围外,其余3种拟除虫菊酯农药均在 0.01~5.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.997 9~0.999 2;加标浓度为0.02~0.5 μg/g时,除氟氯氰菊酯外其他拟除虫菊酯农药的平均回收率为81.9%~93.5%,相对标准偏差为9.5%~20.7%。该方法简单、高效、重现性好、富集倍数高,可用于甘蓝中拟除虫菊酯类农药的快速检测。     

分散固相萃取/分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定甘蓝中的拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

采用分散固相萃取和分散液液微萃取方法,建立了气相色谱法快速检测甘蓝中氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯及氰戊菊酯4种拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的分析方法。使用乙腈作为萃取溶剂,经乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷固相萃取吸附剂净化提取液,分散液液微萃取将农药富集到50μL二甲苯中后,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器进行分析。考察了萃取溶剂的种类与体积、分散剂体积及盐效应等因素对分散液液微萃取萃取效率的影响。结果表明:除氟氯氰菊酯在0.01~0.1 mg/L范围外,其余3种拟除虫菊酯农药均在0.01~5.0mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.997 9~0.999 2;加标浓度为0.02~0.5μg/g时,除氟氯氰菊酯外其他拟除虫菊酯农药的平均回收率为81.9%~93.5%,相对标准偏差为9.5%~20.7%。该方法简单、高效、重现性好、富集倍数高,可用于甘蓝中拟除虫菊酯类农药的快速检测。     

微波辅助萃取法测定烟草中有机氯类农药残留量

建立了一种微波辅助萃取-固相萃取净化测定烟草中17种有机氯类农药残留量的新方法. 样品用V(正己烷):V(乙酸乙酯)＝1:1提取, 提取液经Florisil固相萃取柱净化后, 采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-μECD)进行检测. 17种有机氯农药的0.01、 0.05 mg/kg和0.5 mg/kg加标回收率均在82%以上, RSD在0.11%～8.2%之间, 能满足当前烟草中有机氯农药残留的检测要求.     

中药材中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的微波萃取/气相色谱检测

研究了采用微波辅助萃取法从中药材中提取拟除虫菊酯类农药的影响因素。拟除虫菊酯类农药用毛细管气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测。实验结果表明萃取中药材中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的最佳微波萃取参数设置为:萃取温度80℃;萃取时间10 min;萃取压力808 kPa。在此微波萃取条件下,萃取回收率在80%~108%之间,相对标准偏差介于4.4%~5.8%,方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.04~0.16μg.g-1。     

《有机农药及中间体质谱手册》

该书是一部有机农药及中间体与代谢物的质谱工具书。全书共收集整理了1412种有机农药及中间体与代谢物,包括有机氯杀虫剂、有机磷杀虫剂、氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂、沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂、卫生及建筑害虫防治剂、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫     

Pesticide residue determination in vegetables from western China applying gas chromatography with mass spectrometry

In this study,an effort has been made to evaluate the pesticide residues in vegetables from western China. Fifty‐one pesticides, including organophosphorus, organochlorine, carbamate and pyrethroid, were detected in 369 commonly used vegetables by GC‐MS. Concentrations of organophosphorus pesticides were detected ranging from 0.0008 to 18.8200 mg/kg, among which organophosphorus pesticide concentrations exceeded their maximum residue levels (MRLs) in five samples. Carbamate and organochlorine pesticides were determined to have concentrations in the range of 0.0012–0.7928 mg/kg. The residual concentrations of carbamate pesticides in six samples and organochlorine pesticides in four samples exceeded their MRLs. The residual concentrations of five pyrethroid pesticides were within the range of 0.0016–6.0827 mg/kg and the pyrethroid residues in two samples exceeded their MRLs. The results revealed that pesticide residues in 70.73% of the vegetables samples were not detected, while in the rest of vegetables there were one or more pesticide residues and some even exceeded their MRLs, which would threaten the health of consumers. Our work provides significant information for the food safety regulations to control the excessive use of some pesticides on those kinds of vegetables from western China. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparison of solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction for the determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in water.

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) of organochlorine pesticide residues from environmental water samples was evaluated using octadecyl (C18)-bonded porous silica. The efficiency of SPE of these pesticide residues from reagent water samples at 1-5 micrograms dm-3 levels was compared with those obtained by solvent extraction with hexane and Freon TF (trichlorotrifluoroethane). Average recoveries exceeding 80% for these organochlorine pesticides were obtained via the SPE method using small cartridges containing 100 mg of 40 microns C18-bonded porous silica. The average recovery by solvent extraction with hexane and Freon TF exceeded 90% in both instances. It was concluded that the recoveries and precision for the SPE of organochlorine pesticides were poorer than those for the solvent extraction method. Organochlorine pesticide residue levels in environmental water samples from two major rivers flowing through predominantly rice-growing areas were monitored by gas chromatography using the solvent extraction method with hexane. Exceptionally high levels of organochlorine pesticide residues such as BHC, DDT, heptachlor, endosulfan and dieldrin were found in these water samples.     

Validation of a multiresidue method for the determination of pesticides in honeybees by gas chromatography

The validation of a multiresidue method for the determination of organochlorine, organophosphorus, pyrethroid and dicarboximide pesticides in honeybees is described. The method involves the extraction of 25 pesticides using acetonitrile, liquid partitioning with n-hexane and a clean-up performed on a silica gel cartridge (1 g, 12 mL). Capillary gas chromatography with electron-capture and nitrogen–phosphorus detectors was used for analytes determination. Limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery and relative standard deviation (RSD) for each analyte were determined. The recovery data were obtained by spiking honeybee samples free of pesticides at three levels (LOQ, 4LOQ and 8LOQ) with organochlorine, organophosphorus, pyrethroid and dicarboximide pesticides. The recoveries were in the range between 90.0% and 101.5% for LOQ, between 90.3% and 104.8% for 4LOQ and between 88.1% and 101.6% for 8LOQ with RSD less than 20% for the three levels tested. The lowest LOQ value was 1 ng bee^?1 (corresponding to 10 ng g^?1) and the highest LOQ value was 10 ng bee^?1 (corresponding to 100 ng g^?1). These LOQ values are lower than the lethal doses LD₅₀ (acute contact toxicity and acute oral toxicity) of each pesticide for bees.     

农产品中多种农药残留的气相色谱-质谱联用法测定

建立了同时检测大白菜、苹果、大豆和豆沙中211种农药残留的气相色谱-质谱联用法。农药经乙腈-水溶液匀质提取,C18固相萃取柱净化和PSA固相萃取柱净化,洗脱液浓缩后用丙酮-正己烷(1∶1)溶解,经HP-5MS石英毛细管柱分离后,用气相色谱-质谱联用仪采用选择离子扫描方式测定,外标法定量。结果表明211种农药在0.05~0.5 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.975~0.998,其定量下限为0.002~0.020 mg/kg。在0.1 mg/kg加标水平下,211种农药在大白菜、苹果、大豆和豆沙中的平均回收率为67%~117%,相对标准偏差为1.1%~23.8%。该方法操作简单、净化效果好、灵敏度高,适用于蔬菜、水果等农产品中多种农药残留的测定。     

大米中多种残留农药的固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析

建立了一种同时测定大米中有机氯、有机磷、氨基甲酸酯和拟除虫菊酯等4类农药残留量的分析方法。通过比较二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、乙腈、乙酸乙酯和不同比例的己烷-丙酮混合溶剂等8种溶剂的提取效果,选择以二氯甲烷为提取溶剂;以Florisil固相萃取小柱净化,通过以不同比例的己烷-丙酮作洗脱溶剂,发现体积比为4∶1的己烷-丙酮的洗脱效果最佳,在选定的洗脱条件下,样品的净化效果良好;用气相色谱-质谱测定,以保留时间、选择离子及其相对丰度定性,以外标法定量。以低限加标样品的3倍信噪比确定方法的检出限(LODs),以两个添加水平测定样品的回收率和相对标准偏差(RSD)。该方法的检出限达到μg/kg水平;除敌敌畏、乐果、pp′-DDT等几种农药外,大多数农药的加标回收率在75%和120%之间,RSD均低于10.4%,r≥0.992。该方法简便、快速、灵敏,能够满足同时测定大米中多种类残留农药的要求,可以作为大米中农药多残留的例行分析和确证分析的方法。     

计算机辅助对农药杀虫剂质谱信息的分类预测

对农药质谱信息的研究有助于辅助完成农药残留的鉴别和农药前体化合物的筛选。根据GB 4839-1998,选出4类杀虫剂,其常见化学结构有有机氯类、有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯类和拟除虫菊酯类农药。从NIST2.0质谱数据库中提取针对这4类结构的质谱数据,经过数学变换以及遗传算法和偏最小二乘回归相结合(GA-PLS)特征选择后,确定最优的质谱特征集,最后使用K最邻近法(KNN),支持向量机(SVM),助推法与分类回归树(AdaBoost-CART)构建预测模型。实验表明,SVM和AdaBoost-CART使用仅含有少量的特征组成的最优特征集,可以得到较好的预测结果。     

Supercritical fluid extraction for pesticide multiresidue analysis in honey: determination by gas chromatography with electron-capture and mass spectrometry detection

An analytical procedure using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and capillary gas chromatography with electron-capture detection was developed to determine simultaneously residues of different pesticides (organochlorine, organophosphorus, organonitrogen and pyrethroid) in honey samples. Fortification experiments were conducted to test conventional extraction (liquid-liquid) and optimize the extraction procedure in SFE by varying the CO2-modifier, temperature, extraction time and pressure. Best efficiency was achieved at 400 bar using acetonitrile as modifier at 90 degrees C. For the clean-up step, Florisil cartridges were used for both methods LLE and SFE. Recoveries for majority of pesticides from fortified samples of honey at fortification level of 0.01-0.10 mg/kg ranged 75-94% from both methods. Limits of detection found were less than 0.01 mg/kg for ECD and confirmation of pesticide identity was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected-ion monitoring mode. The multiresidue methods in real honey samples were applied and the results of developed methods were compared.     

固相萃取-超快速液相色谱-串联质谱法测定当归中135种农药及其代谢物残留

建立了超快速液相色谱-串联质谱(UFLC-MS/MS)同时测定当归药材中135种农药及其代谢物(包括有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯类、拟除虫菊酯类农药等)残留量的分析方法。以回收率为考察指标,评估了不同的提取溶剂、固相萃取小柱、洗脱溶剂及体积对当归中多农残的提取净化效果,最终确定样品经乙腈提取,PSA固相萃取柱净化处理,在电喷雾正离子扫描、依赖保留时间的多反应监测模式(scheduled MRM)下,以基质匹配校准曲线内标法定量。结果表明,135种农药及其代谢物在各自的浓度范围内线性关系良好(r>0.99); 3个添加水平(10、50、100 μg/kg)下,除了烯草酮回收率偏低(62.0%~68.2%)外,其余农药的回收率为71.3%~119.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)不大于19.9%, 135种农药及其代谢物的定量限为1.0~10.0 μg/kg。该方法样品前处理简单、快速、灵敏,可用于当归药材中多类别农药残留量的定性、定量。     

Simultaneous determination of 109 pesticides in unpolished rice by a combination of gel permeation chromatography and Florisil column purification, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

A multi-residue method is described for the simultaneous analysis of 109 pesticides with different properties in unpolished rice. The range covers organophosphorus, organochlorine, carbamate, and synthetic pyrethroid pesticides. The pesticides were extracted from the sample using ethyl acetate. Most higher molecular weight components such as lipids in the co-extractives were removed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with a Bio-bead SX-3 column. A Florisil column with ethyl acetate/hexane as the eluting solvents was used for further cleanup. The pesticides were finally simultaneously determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The average recoveries for most pesticides (spiked level 0.02, 0.1 and 1 microg/g) ranged from 70% to 110%, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was below 20% in every case, and the limit of detection (LOD) varied from 1 to 20 ng/g.     

加速溶剂萃取/凝胶渗透色谱－固相萃取净化、气相色谱－质谱法测定茶叶中残留的33种农药

建立了茶叶中有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯类共33种农药残留的分析方法。样品以丙酮-二氯甲烷(体积比为1:1)为提取剂经加速溶剂方法萃取,提取液用凝胶渗透色谱净化除去大部分的色素、脂类和蜡质,再用Carb-NH2小柱和Florisil小柱净化。采用气相色谱法分析、外标法定量、气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）定性。加标水平为0.05 mg/kg时,大部分农药的回收率为70%~120%,相对标准偏差小于20%。方法的检测限为0.005～0.05 mg/kg (以10倍信噪比计)。该方法的提取效率高,准确灵敏,目前已应用于出口茶叶中农药残留的日常检测。大量实际样品的检测结果表明,此方法适于出口茶叶中农药残留检测实际工作的需要。